Thursday morning, November 20, 2008 Sunny day
Yunnan Tourism in 2008 (Travel Notes, Part 5)
Beautiful "Twelve Thousand Fields" Graceful Golden Peacock
After departing from Kunming yesterday afternoon, the bus crossed along G323 National Highway and G8511 Expressway, arrived at Pu'er City at 11:50 that night, and stayed in Pu'er City.
Pu'er City was renamed from the original Simao City on January 21, 2007. Pu'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County was renamed Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County, and Cuiyun District of Simao City was also renamed Simao District of Pu'er City.
Woke up at six o'clock. Today I am going to a beautiful place, where the trees are shady, the breeze gently blows the leaves, spring is full of spring all year round, the grass grows and warblers fly, people live by the water, when the fiery red phoenix flowers bloom all over the emerald green At that time, there ushered in the annual Songkran Festival, that is the beautiful Xishuangbanna.
Xishuangbanna is a magical oasis in the southwestern border of my country. With its typical tropical scenery, strong ethnic customs, and ancient and magical folklore, it attracts countless Chinese and foreign tourists.
It has been my long-cherished wish to travel to Xishuangbanna for decades. The dense virgin forests, the free-living elephants and other wild animals and rare birds, as well as the simple people who live comfortably and comfortably with nature...all make me Longing, dreaming and dreaming about it.
In the 1960s, a movie called "Menglongsha" was released. The popular theme song in it was very nice. The song went like this: "There is a beautiful place where the Dai people grew up. The dense villages are closely connected, the curved river is green and rippling, a peacock flies to the dragon tree, the benefactor is the Communist Party, the Dai people have you, ah... ah..., flowers bloom everywhere Duoxiang..." This is a Yunnan Dai folk song "There is a beautiful place" first sung by the famous Chinese singer Shan Xiurong.
This song, which is more famous than the movie, has captivated many listeners. The lyrics of the song tell people: It is the hometown of the golden peacock, with magical exotic customs, a land full of phoenix bamboos, and charming southern scenery. It is a rich, colorful, beautiful and fascinating place.
In the early morning, when the morning glow is out, Dai girls go to the banks of the Lancang River to bathe and fetch water in small groups. Their hair is pulled up in a bun, and their long skirts wrap their soft waists. In the morning mist, they seem to be only peacocks playing on the surface of the river, light, dexterous and graceful. When the morning sun rises, the Dai girl who fetches water sings a song of return, and the long pole carries her affection for the water. It freezes into a beautiful scene of Dai Township. Banna has a long traditional Dai culture, and Xiaochen Buddhism has a long history. Listening to drums in the mountains may not be the best way to return life to nature. As the sun sets, the tropical rainforest calms down. Standing alone in a cup, I silently listen to the Buddhist drums coming from the Buddhist temple down the mountain, and the sound of insects up the mountain, passing through the eardrums and reaching the depths of life. Those mundane things, feasting and feasting are all blocked out of time and space. Tourists from far away should be touched after listening to the drums of this Dai village!
In the evening, mist rolls in, and looking around, there are chic small buildings hidden in the lush forest and bamboo. Drawing water from the river, bathing in the Lancang River, which is dyed red by the setting sun, like flocks of golden peacocks playing in the water, this scene is really uncomfortable and heart-shaking.
At night, the moonlight is as cool as water, and the crisp gourd silk flutters up. Under the curved phoenix-tailed bamboo, the young people of the Dai family sing love songs, and the young girls of the Dai family slip out of the lotus color to the boy they like. In the haze, a peacock leaps onto the branch, Sing the song under the moonlight...
"Phoenix bamboo under the moonlight,
Moonlight, phoenix bamboo below,
Soft and beautiful like a green mist.
The good girl in the bamboo house,
Dazzling like night pearls, listen,
How many affectionate gourd sheng,
I pour out my love for you.
Oh good girl like a golden peacock,
Why don't you open your windows,
Phoenix-tailed bamboo under the moonlight,
Soft and beautiful like a green mist.
The good girl in the bamboo house,
... ... ...
Let's go to the green fog together"
The bus we took left from Kunming at 7:10 yesterday evening, and it got dark soon after leaving the city. Because there is no tour guide in the car, only nearly 50 tourists from all over the country stepped on the car under the lobbying of Kunming Comfort Travel Company. We don't know each other, and we seldom talk, but we all yearn for the same destination. Because there was nothing to pass the time in the car, I had to close my eyes and recall the Xishuangbanna I had seen in movies, TV and some information books.
Xishuangbanna is located in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in southern Yunnan, including Jinghong County, Menghai County and Mengla County. It is one of the 44 key scenic spots in China. Between 101°50', south of the Tropic of Cancer, the transition zone from the Asian continent to the Southeast Asian peninsula, there are more than 3 million mu of nature reserves, of which 700,000 mu are well-protected large virgin forests, accounting for nearly 60% of the total area of the state. It is famous for its beauty and richness. It is about 750 kilometers away from Kunming. There are several scenic spots in each county, with a total of 19 scenic spots and more than 800 scenic spots.
There are a wide variety of animal and plant resources in this area, known as the kingdom of animals and plants. Many of the rare, ancient, peculiar and endangered animals and plants are unique to Xishuangbanna, which has aroused great interest from domestic and foreign tourists and scientific researchers. The landscape is dominated by rich and charming tropical and subtropical rainforests, monsoon rainforests, valley rainforests, rare animals and colorful ethnic cultures and customs. The area has a unique landscape and high popularity. It was approved by the State Council in 1982 as the first batch of national key scenic spots.
Xishuangbanna has a total population of more than 900,000. There are more than a dozen ethnic groups living here, including Dai, Hani, Brown, Jinuo, Lahu, Wa, and Yao. Among them, the Dai nationality accounts for 1/3 and is the hometown of the Dai nationality. The Han nationality accounts for 1/3. Ethnic groups accounted for 1/3. Bordering on Laos and Myanmar, the border is 1069 kilometers long. Because Xishuangbanna is close to Buddhist countries such as Thailand and Myanmar, Theravada Buddhism is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people here, and Buddhist temples and pagodas full of Southeast Asian style can be seen everywhere. There are Buddhist temples and pagodas scattered all over the territory, and the Dai people are basically devout Buddhists. Manfeilong White Pagoda is a model of Xishuangbanna pagoda, full of Southeast Asian sentiment. Jingzhen Octagonal Pavilion is also a famous Buddhist building in Xishuangbanna, which resembles a Dai bamboo house. Others, such as the Mange Buddhist Temple, have a long history and are well-known Theravada Buddhist clubs, and the incense is extremely prosperous. The ancient Dai language is "Mengbalanasi", which means "ideal and magical paradise". When you come to Xishuangbanna, you will be captured by an inexplicable shock. It is famous for its magical tropical rainforest natural landscape and ethnic customs. The graceful style of the Dai family, the solemn pagodas and Buddhist temples hidden under the phoenix bamboo are unforgettable.
What does "Xishuangbanna" mean? Why is it called Xishuangbanna? In fact, "Xishuangbanna" is a Dai language. Among the four characters, there are three numerals and one noun. The three characters "Xi", "Shuang" and "Ban" in Dai language translate to "Ten", "Er" and "Qian" in Chinese; "Na" is a noun meaning "field". According to the literal meaning, "Xishuangbanna" should be translated as "Twelve Thousand Fields". Twelve thousand fields, why not call them twelve thousand fields? If you want to know the mystery, you have to start with the origin of the numeral "Xishuang". Xishuangbanna was called Mengle in ancient times, which means the place where Daile lived. Daile, a branch of the Dai nationality, is called Shui Dai in Chinese, and its main settlement is Xishuangbanna. According to the Dai language historical material "Laixi Shuangbang", there were Banghuang, Bangpa, Banghan, Bangluo, Bangshao, Bangli, Banglan, Bangmo, Banglai, and Banggai in Mengle in ancient times. , Banglong, Banglai and other 12 Daile tribes. These 12 Daile tribes formed a tribal alliance organization called "Laixi Shuangbang" in order to compete with other ethnic groups for Pingba. The leaders of the 12 tribes formed the "Kunxi Kunbie" of the tribal alliance organization Xishuangbang, that is, the four ministers and the eight ministers. These 12 ministers manage various affairs of the tribal alliance separately. "Laixi Shuangbang" also records that the king of Daile has been entrusted by the king of heaven, and his descendants will inherit the throne. Among them, a generation of Daile kings died suddenly, but their descendants were far away in foreign countries. The witty and brave Kitasari was entrusted by the people to lead 12 warriors to find it and welcome the descendants of the royal family to return to their hometown to inherit the throne. They worked hard to bring the descendants of the royal family back to Mengle, assisted him to ascend the throne, and used tricks to get rid of his political opponent Zhao Zhenhan, so that the descendant of the royal family named Zhao Suwan Napolong could sit firmly on the throne. Because Jida Shali and his 12 warriors helped the Dai king to succeed to the throne, they were entrusted to manage 12 states, and they were allowed to establish territories-Meng and the city called "Jing". From then on, Xishuangjing (12 cities) and many Mengmen appeared conveniently in Daile. The leader of Meng is called Zhaomeng (king of a place). In the 542nd year of the Dai calendar (AD 1180), Payazhen, who was only 32 years old, conquered Mengle and established the Jinglong Golden Palace Kingdom (also known as Mengle Kingdom) in Mengle. The emperor of the Song Dynasty sent envoys to Jinglong (now Jinghong) to issue a tiger-head gold seal, ordering him to be the master of one side, known as the Supreme Buddha Lord of Jinglong Golden Palace Kingdom. During the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court set up a Xuanwei envoy in Mengle to govern the various regions in Mengle. In 944 of the Dai calendar, Zhao Yingmeng, the thirteenth generation consolation envoy married to the king of Burma, prepared a gift for his beloved wife Lisu Wannabaduma to return home to visit her parents, and sent more than 30 Mengmeng (some It is said that more than 100 warriors) and 12 fire circles (organizations that rule mountainous ethnic groups) merged into 12 "Xishuang" units that undertake gifts, and each prepares a gift for the beloved wife to bring back to Myanmar to present to her parents. From then on, all land tax institutions were called "Banna".
"Xishuang" in Xishuangbanna originated from the ancient "Xishuangbang" and "Xishuangjing". "Banna" originated from Zhao Yingmeng who merged Menghe Huohuan into 12 organizers in order to prepare gifts. "Banna" is actually a combination of land tax. The ancient Xishuangbanna was a merger of 12 land taxation units or political institutions. "Ban" in Dai language is a polysemous word, which can be translated as "thousand", or "wrap", "union", and "merge", not just "thousand". "Banna" can not only be translated as "Qiantian", but also "merged field Fu" or "merged paddy field". Xishuangbanna, which was merged into Xishuangbanna at that time, is:
1. Jinghong, Banna (including Jinghong and Menghan);
2. Banna Mengzhe (including Mengzhe, Jinglu, Mengkuang and Meng'a);
3. Banna Menghun (including Menghun and Mengban);
4. Banna Menghai (including Menghai and Jingzhen Menghai);
5. Banna Jingluo (Mengman, Daluo, Mengang and Langle);
6. Mengla, Banna (including Mengla and Mengban Liangmeng);
7. Banna Mengji (including Mengji and Mengwang);
8. Mengla, Banna (including Mengla and Mengxiang);
9. Banna Mengpeng (including Mengpeng, Mengman and Mengrun);
10. Banna Mengwu (including Wudai and Ule);
11. Jingdong in Banna (including Jingdong, Mola, Yiwu, and Yibang);
12. Banna Raptors.
Since Zhao Yingmeng merged all Meng and fire circles into Xishuangbanna, the scope of Xishuangbanna's jurisdiction and the Mengmeng under the jurisdiction of each Banna have been constantly adjusted and changed, but the name of Xishuangbanna has never changed. During the period of the Republic of China, when the "General Administration of Pusi Bianbian" was established in Jinghong, the name of "Pusi Bianbian Twelve Bannas" was still used in the historical records. Historically, Xishuangbanna was the twelve administrative units that provided tribute, that is, administrative regions, under the jurisdiction of the Cheli Xuanwei Envoy. Together, it means "twelve administrative regions".
When the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Region (prefecture) was established in 1953, representatives of all ethnic groups believed that "Banna" had the meaning of "Bohaimina Banta Nangan" (the great unity of farmers of all ethnic groups), and unanimously agreed to use "Xishuangbanna" as the autonomous region (state) the district name. Today's Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture has jurisdiction over Jinghong City, Mengmei County and Mengla County. The area under its jurisdiction is 19,124.5 square kilometers, and the border line is 966.29 kilometers long, of which: the China-Laos section is 677.8 kilometers, and the China-Myanmar section is 288.49 kilometers. There are 3 national ports and 1 provincial port. There are 6 highways and 1 waterway connected to Laos and Myanmar, forming a three-dimensional port network open to water, land and air in all directions, and it is an important channel to Southeast Asia.
Xishuangbanna is also rich in rubber, which is the second largest rubber area in the country, and the rubber per unit area ranks first in the country. In addition, it is also rich in precious medicinal materials such as rice, various tropical fruits and amomum. It is a veritable "plant kingdom", "animal kingdom", " Green Kingdom", "South Medicine Kingdom".
Xishuangbanna has a tropical rainforest climate with abundant sunshine and rainfall. There are dry seasons and wet seasons in a year (spring, summer, autumn and winter in the mainland), and the annual average temperature is 21°C. The dry season is from November to April, and the warm season is from May to October. There is no frost and snow all year round. The annual foggy days amount to 108-146 days. Jinghong City has an extreme maximum temperature of 41.1°C and an extreme minimum temperature of 2.7°C, making it suitable for tourism all year round.
When traveling in Xishuangbanna, sometimes you will see beautiful peacocks, white pheasants, and hornbills flying in the forest; sometimes you will see elephants walking on the road; , It's really a joy, this is a spectacle and fun that is unimaginable in other places!
Famous scenic spots include: Jinghong, Manfeilong Buddhist Pagoda, Lancang Riverside, Mange Buddhist Temple, Manjinglan Tourist Village, Yilan Resort, Menglun Botanical Garden, Ethnic Customs Garden, Wild Elephant Valley, Tropical Crops Research Institute, Dai cuisine, Dai Nationality Park, Jinghong Primitive Forest Park, Hongqi Reservoir, Daluo Primitive Forest Park, animal wonders, plant wonders, tropical rainforest, Dai Songkran Festival and so on.
In order to let the tourists have a good mood to play today, they checked into a hotel after 12:00 last night. The hotel is next to an avenue in Pu'er City (formerly Simao City), and in the Party School of Simao City. The hotel may be the secondary industry of the Party School of Simao City, right? There is still a long drive from here to Jinghong City in Xishuangbanna, which may be about 140 kilometers!
The car came to a stop, and a woman jumped up. She looked about 20 years old. Under the orange light of the car, she really looked like a dazzling night pearl as the song sang. She was wearing an orange tube skirt, which perfectly outlined the charming curves of women, and her graceful figure seemed to be well-designed. The jet-black bun on the head was slightly tilted on an ivory-like neck. Standing under the light, it looks like a flower with dewdrops, blooming in the hazy night of the southern country, it looks so charming and charming. "Welcome to Maodoli, Sao Doli", a sweet voice of Yingying and swallows, and the faint fragrance of powder coming out of the whole body are enough to make people lose their souls. In the past, I only saw the charm of a Dai girl from the film and television lens, but now I have witnessed the charming beauty of the girl in front of me, and I feel so fresh and so real, just like this beautiful land, the girl is the most beautiful girl in Xishuangbanna. beautiful scenery.
In the Dai language of Xishuangbanna, men are called "maoduoli", which means a sunny and energetic boy. Women are called "Shao Duoli", which means beautiful and capable. If you want to say that a woman is so beautiful, then you should say: "You are really a very coquettish, very coquettish Sao Duoli".
The more coquettish the women here, the more beautiful they are, and the cuter they are. The Dai people all like the very coquettish Sao Duoli. I just thought it was ridiculous when I heard this name, but later I found out that Saodoli has a very high status here. Sao means capable and beautiful! Han men sigh here: "There are so many flamboyant foxes in Banna!" Haha, I'm tempted! But few men are willing to stay here. Thousands of years of male superiority and inferiority are completely overturned here, and foreign men are very dissatisfied with the change of their status. The female host is outside, and the male host is inside. If someone gives birth to a boy, the Dai parents often feel very sad: "Here comes a loser!" The Dai men will marry the woman when they grow up! .
It seems that Sao is not contempt for women! On the contrary, Sao represents the wisdom and beauty of women, which is a healthy aesthetic concept. Women are alive and well, they just want to show off! Conclusion: Sao women are glorious! For a capable and beautiful woman, you can call her a coquettish woman!
From Kunming on the 18th, the scenery becomes more and more strange day by day, and we are approaching Xishuangbanna, as if we have arrived at summer ahead of time. The clothes were taken off one by one, and in the end, I was left with only shorts and shorts. The fresh air blows in, the eyes are full of verdant greenery, and the sky is filled with the fragrance of birds and flowers. The trees are tall and straight, and the sun is so bright and charming. The dazzling brilliance casts down and turns into clusters of bright spots on the treetops, swaggering in the breeze, as if the hospitable Xishuangbanna people are waving to tourists, with sincere smiles in their eyes. There is basically no sunlight under the tree. The black asphalt road is still silent, clean and spotless. Occasionally, three or two pillars of sunlight sifted down from the thick shade, like gold coins, and disappeared as soon as the wheels flew by.
It has been almost an hour since the bus left at 7:30 in the morning, and it continues to run on the Puxi (Pu’er-Xishuangbanna) expressway, which is a section of expressway passing through the tropical rainforest of the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve. The tropical rainforest here is completely integrated with the unique pastoral scenery of the tropics, without the rigid feeling of modern buildings embedded in the original ecological landscape. On both sides are virgin forests covered with cliffs of grass and trees, and there is no soil exposed outside. In the stream, the leaves are next to the leaves, and even the trunk is hard to see. Perhaps the wild elephants are resting in these shades! In the distance, there are mountains and mountains, and the round and lush green peaks are spliced in the sky, adding an artistic lace to the blue sky and white clouds. And this lace turned into a sky ladder, a wonderful, huge and beautiful round tower-shaped ladder, one side is red and the other side is green, neatly, stretching along the rounded mountain to the top of the mountain, connecting to the blue sky.
Since the construction of the expressway was listed as a project, the impact of the expressway on the environment has been considered comprehensively, and a number of measures have been taken to minimize the damage to the tropical rainforest. This expressway is my country's first ecological expressway (Xishuangbanna section) that passes through the tropical rainforest of a national nature reserve.
When approaching the Wild Elephant Valley scenic spot, the tour guide first gave a brief introduction to the scenic spot. Wild Elephant Valley is located in Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, in a place called Sancha River in the south of Mengyang Nature Reserve, Mengyang Town. Where the Wild Elephant Valley is located, there used to be a small place called "Elephant Pond" where wild elephants frequented and drank water. Salt, planting food that wild elephants like to eat, and long-term luring of wild elephants, so there are more and more wild elephants here. It is 45 kilometers away from Jinghong City in the south and 115 kilometers away from Simao City in the north. It is located on the west side of National Highway 213 and in the river valley at the junction of the east and west forest areas on the edge of Mengyang Nature Reserve in the north of Jinghong County. The total area is 3.7 million square meters. Among them, the construction area is more than 2800 square meters, and the water area is 8000 square meters. There are many kinds of plants growing in this tropical rainforest of millions of acres. There are criss-cross valleys and dense forests in this area. There are rare animals such as Asian wild elephants, bison, green peacocks, and macaques. The inner layer of the scenic spot is green and lush, and a tropical rainforest scenery provides the most suitable habitat for Asian elephants and other wild animals to grow and reproduce. There are nearly 300 Asian elephants in existence. Wild elephants often appear in groups of three or four by rivers, in dense forests, and even on roads.
Due to the dense forest in the reserve, there are many birds and animals. In addition to Asian wild elephants, there are also protected animals such as bison, monitor lizards, pythons, green peacocks, hornbills, pig-tailed monkeys, macaques, black bears, pangolins, giant civets and a large number of animals. Butterflies, birds and amphibians. The vertical and horizontal ditches, dense forests, and various plants provide a good habitat for wild animals, mainly Asian elephants. Since the scenic spot is located at the junction of the east and west of the Mengyang tourist area, it has naturally become a passage for various animal species. In addition to the artificial attraction and strict protection over the years, the wild elephants that come and go here are more frequent and the relationship with people is more harmonious. It has become the only place in Xishuangbanna where you can easily watch wild elephants.
The reserve has built a 5-kilometer walkway in the main scenic spot, providing passages for various animals to walk through. Wild elephants are more frequent in this area, making it the only place in Xishuangbanna where you can enjoy wild elephants. This is the most fascinating forest park and scenic spot for watching wild elephants. The transportation is very convenient, and it is named Wild Elephant Valley because of the frequent appearance of wild elephants.
The Wild Elephant Valley is a forest park that started investing in the construction in 1990 with the main content of watching wild elephants and tropical rainforests. In 1996, it was officially opened to receive domestic and foreign tourists. In the forest park, there are animal viewing areas, primeval forest exploration areas and reception centers. There are 3,000 meters of elevated corridors for viewing images; more than 1,900 meters of high-altitude cableways have been built, and more than 3,380 walking trails have been built. rice.
Visitors to the Wild Elephant Valley can watch the performances of trained elephants during the day, and at night they can see the real wild elephants walking from the forest to this place for food. Sometimes, before dark, there are wild elephants walking swaggeringly from the elevated promenade, and they stop for a while when they see tourists, and take a few glances at these "uninvited guests". Sometimes several herds of wild elephants will appear in the ravine at the same time, and the roars of the elephant herds chasing each other one after another will make the visitors who have just arrived from afar tremble with fear. Some elephant herds are not panicked, and they are still looking for food leisurely in front of tourists. In addition, you can go to the snake garden to watch all kinds of snakes and taste the "Dragon and Phoenix Soup" cooked with snakes and black-bone chicken. At the same time, you can also go to the butterfly breeding garden to watch the colorful butterflies and buy handicrafts made of butterflies. But don't be fooled by these man-made landscapes. The real natural scenery is hidden in the virgin forest. Walking into the forest, you can see the clear stream flowing slowly and the trees growing densely by the stream. Here you can see the sights of plant strangling, plant roots and old stems blooming, as well as many rare plants, so that you can enjoy the tropical rainforest.
The Wild Elephant Valley is full of mystery and strangeness. Its beautiful natural scenery and thrilling adventure activities will definitely make you pleasing to the eye, unforgettable in your life, and let you realize your long-cherished wish to return to nature.