2011 Chengdu to Beijing-Jilin-Harbin-Changchun-Beijing back to Chengdu 16-day self-guided tour (5)
August 20-September 4, 2011
August 24 morning noon afternoon overcast
1. Forty Scenes of the Old Summer Palace
"Ode to Forty Scenes of the Old Summer Palace" is according to the will of Emperor Qianlong, in the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), drawn by court painter Tang Dai¹ Each piece is attached with Qianlong's "Forty Scenery Poems" written by Wang Youdun², Minister of the Ministry of Industry. This book was looted after the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing in 1860, and it is now stored in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
The whole picture is divided into two volumes, which were officially installed in the Old Summer Palace and displayed in the Three Selfless Hall by order. In 1860, after the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing, this set of precious colored paintings was looted by the invaders and dedicated to the French Emperor Napoleon III. It is now preserved in the National Library of Paris, France.
01. Upright and Bright (Palace Scenic Area)
02. Diligent government and virtuous people (palace scenic spot)
03. Jiuzhou Qingyan (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
04. Louue Kaiyun (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
05. Natural pictures (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
06. Bitong Academy (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
07. Ciyun Puhu (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
08. Shangxiatianguang (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
09. Xinghuachun Pavilion (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
10. Open and open (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
11. Ru Gu Han Jin (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
12. Changchun Immortal Hall (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
13. Wanfang Anhe (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
14. Wuling Spring Scenery (Northwest Scenic Area)
15. High Mountains and Long Rivers (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
16. Moonland Cloud Residence (Northwest Scenic Area)
17. Hongci Yonghu (Northwest Scenic Area)
18. Huifang Academy (Northwest Scenic Area)
19. Ritian Linyu (Northwest Scenic Area)
20. Tranquility and Tranquility (Northwest Scenic Area)
21. Yingshui Lanxiang (Northwest Scenic Area)
22. Shuimu Minse (Northwest Scenic Area)
23. Lianxi Music Place (Northwest Scenic Area)
24. Grain Like Clouds (Northern Scenic Area)
25. Yuyue Yuanfei (Northern Scenic Area)
26. Beiyuan Mountain Village (Northern Scenic Area)
27. Xifeng Beauty (Northwest Scenic Area)
28. Siyi Bookstore (Fuhai Scenic Area)
29. Fanghu Scenic Spot (Fuhai Scenic Area)
30. Yushen Yude (Fuhai Scenic Area)
31. Pinghu Qiuyue (Fuhai Scenic Area)
32. Pengdao Yaotai (Fuhai Scenic Area)
33. Jiexiu Mountain House (Fuhai Scenic Area)
34. A Cave of Heaven (Fuhai Scenic Area)
35. Singing piano with clip mirror (Fuhai Scenic Area)
36. Hanxu Langjian (Fuhai Scenic Area)
37. Grand Duke Kuoran (Fuhai Scenic Area)
38. Sitting on a stone facing the stream (Northwest Scenic Area)
39. Quyuan Fenghe (Jiuzhou Scenic Area)
40. Deep in the Cave (Palace Scenic Area)
01. Upright:
Zhengda Guangming Hall is the main hall of Yuanmingyuan. It is located within the Grand Palace Gate of Yuanmingyuan (the palace scenic spot).
It was built in the third year of Yongzheng (1725). It is similar to the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City. In the center of the hall, a plaque of "Zhengda Guangming" written by Yongzheng is hung. It was the place where the Qing emperor held major events such as court meetings, grand ceremonies, and meeting with ethnic minority leaders and foreign envoys when he lived in the Old Summer Palace. The emperor received congratulations from all the officials on his birthday, Xinzhengqu banquets, small banquets for court officials, Zhongyuan banquets, Guanqing dragon dances, Hanzhan examinations, sanguan township examinations and re-examinations. On the first lunar month of the new year, princes and ministers are entertained here, on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, banquets for foreign vassals are held here, watching "Qinglong Dance", triumphal banquet, and princess wedding banquet are all held here.
This scene is the first of the forty sceneries of Yuanmingyuan, and it is actually the former dynasty of the Qing emperor in Yuanmingyuan.
In front of Zhengda Guangming is the Entrance and Exit Xianliang Gate. There are five couplets in the east and west side halls on the left and right, which are the tea dining room, the imperial study room, the Qing tea room and the military aircraft office. Zhengda Guangming Hall is seven rooms wide and five rooms deep. There are corridors at the front and back, gray tiles, and a rolling shed resting on the top of the mountain. In the hall, there are couplets written by Emperor Yongzheng, "The heart is the heart of heaven and night clothes and food; the joy of the people is based on harmony and joy", and the book written by Emperor Qianlong, "Seeking peace and success, there is no limit; using time to cultivate things , there is that place to live." On the east wall is the imperial book "Book of Zhou Wuyi", and on the west wall is "Bin Feng Tu" (when the British and French allied forces burned the garden, it seemed that the whole picture of the Old Summer Palace was hung). At the back of the hall is the Shoushan Mountain, and there are bamboo shoots on the mountain, which was later moved to the Renshou Hall in the Summer Palace.
The Entrance and Exit Xianliang Gate, also known as the Second Palace Gate of the Old Summer Palace, has five south-facing gate halls, and a plaque with the four characters "Entry and Exit Xianliang" in Yongzheng's imperial script is hung. Inside the gate are seven main halls, with a four-character plaque in Yongzheng's imperial script "upright and bright" hanging high on the inner eaves.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Upright and bright, the entrance and exit of the Xianliang Gate in the south of the garden is Zhengya. If you don't carve or paint, you can get the meaning of Songxuan Maodian. Behind the house there are steep rocks, jagged jade shoots, and an empty vestibule. Looking back outside the wall, the trees are dark and deep, and the flowers are red and purple when they are in bloom, reflecting endlessly.
02. Diligent and virtuous:
The west is adjacent to Zhengdaguangming (the palace scenic spot).
Built during the Yongzheng period, it was the place where the Qing emperor handled government affairs daily. Every morning, the emperor reviewed memorials and summoned his officials here. Qianlong worked and ate here in summer to avoid the heat.
The Qinzhengqinxian Hall is the front room of the West Nuan Pavilion of the Yangxin Hall. It is located to the east of the Zhengda Guangming Hall. It is the place where the emperor works in the hot summer. There are 5 halls. There is a throne in the north, a window in the south, and a board wall to open the door in the east. There is a wooden screen around the building outside the window, which is separated from the open room and is more secretive.
This scenic spot is an important part of the former court area, and it is the place where the Qing emperor listened to the government and dealt with daily government affairs in the garden. Its function is similar to the Hall of Mental Cultivation in the Forbidden City.
The Hall of Qinzheng is composed of five halls in the south, and three halls at the front and back, each with three buildings. The plaque "Qinzheng Hall" written by Emperor Yongzheng is hung on the outer eaves. The five emperors Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, and Xianfeng summoned their ministers to listen to the government in the garden. It was also the place where the emperor usually approved provincial chapters, summoned ministers, introduced officials, and met with princes and princes of foreign vassals. There is a throne in the Ming Dynasty in the hall, and the chapter "Wuyi" written by Emperor Qianlong is engraved on the back screen; "It's Hard to Lame for a King" made by Chen Yu on the west wall. Fangbicong to the east of Qinzheng Hall is the place where the Qing emperor often worked and had meals in summer; behind Fangbicong is Baohe Taihe Hall with nine rooms in width and three rooms in the front. There are east and west warm pavilions in the hall ; Further north is the Fuchun Tower, which houses all kinds of precious calligraphy and paintings, Western sculptures and stationery. In the east are Feiyunxuan and Jingjian Pavilion, and in the north are Huaiqingfen, Xiumu Jiayin and Shengqiu Court. To the east of Jingjian Pavilion are Baohe Taihe, Fuchun Building, and Bamboo Forest Qingxiang.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Qinzheng Qinxian The east of Zhengdaguang is the Qinzheng Hall, where the provincial chapters are played every day, and the ministers and workers are called, and the pavilion begins to retreat at noon. "Wuyi" is written on the screen behind the seat to express oneself. To the east is Baohe Taihe, with beautiful stones and famous flowers, bright and spacious courtyards, intersecting pavilions and forest paths.
03. Jiuzhou Qingyan:
Located in the west of Yuanmingyuan (Jiuzhou Scenic Area), the north bank of Qianhu Lake and Zhengda Guangming Hall across the lake, on the central axis of Jiuzhou Scenic Area, between Qianhu Lake and Houhu Lake.
Built in the late Kangxi period. It can be roughly divided into three parts: central, western and eastern:
From south to north in the central part are Yuanmingyuan Hall, Fengsan Selfless Hall and Jiuzhou Qingyan Hall; at the front of Jiuzhou Qingyan are the five couplets of Yuanmingyuan Hall, followed by the seven couplets of Fengsan Selfless Hall and the seven couplets of Jiuzhou Qingyan Hall. To the east of the Three Great Halls is a large group of buildings "Tian Di Yi Yi Chun", which is the birthplace of Daoguang and the place where the concubines lived; the west of the Three Great Halls is also the emperor's main bedroom. To the west is "Le'anhe", which was Qianlong's bedroom; to the west are Qinghui Pavilion, Luxiangzhai, Wujuanzhai, Rugutang, Songyun Tower, and Hande Bookstore. After the West Road was burned down during the Daoguang period, Shende Hall was rebuilt. There are two white marble bridges in the south of the island, Jinao Bridge on the left and Yudi Bridge on the right.
Jiuzhou Qingyan is one of the earliest buildings in the Old Summer Palace. The name of Jiuzhou Qingyan means that the land of Jiuzhou is clean and the sea is clean, the world is peaceful, and the country is eternal. A huge panorama of the Old Summer Palace hangs on the north wall, and the original picture is now in the Paris Museum in France; in the tenth year of Daoguang, "Shende Hall" and other palaces were built near the "Yiqing Shushi".
(1) Yuanmingyuan Hall: It is one of the earliest halls built in Yuanmingyuan. Before Zhengda Guangming Hall was built, it was the main hall of Yuanmingyuan. The plaque of "Yuanmingyuan" inscribed in the 48th year of Emperor Kangxi hung on the main entrance.
(2) Fengsan Selfless Hall: The royal family banquets and clan banquets are held here every year around the Lantern Festival (the fifteenth day of the first lunar month).
(3) Jiuzhou Qingyan Palace: It was the main bedroom of the emperor when he lived in the garden. The plaque of "Jiuzhou Qingyan" written by Yongzheng was hung. Both Emperor Yongzheng and Daoguang died of illness on this island, and Emperors Jiaqing and Xianfeng were born here.
This scenic spot is the emperor's bedroom. To the south is the front lake, which is separated from "Zhengda Guangming"; to the north is the back lake. There are nine artificial islands around Houhu, and Jiuzhou Qingyan is located on one of the small islands, covering an area of about 700,000 square meters.
In the early years of Yongzheng, the Yuanmingyuan was expanded on a large scale, and this part of the scenic spot became an important palace area for the emperor. This is also the place where the first banquet of the "Three Banquets of Shangyuan" was held. It is a place where tributes, objects, and picture albums are presented to the emperor.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Qingyan in Jiuzhou is upright and bright, and the north is a place for a few rests. Fen and 橑 are connected one after another, and the scales and tiles are uneven. In front of the huge lake, there are rippling waves. Surrounded by branches, extending vertically and horizontally, the victories are like the nine schools of Xunyang. Zou Yan said that the Bohai Sea is surrounded by Kyushu, and the Nine Great Oceans are surrounded by it. The environment is believed to be like a creation!
04. Louyue Kaiyun:
It is located in the southeast corner of Houhu Lake in Jiuzhou Scenic Area, east of Qingyan in Jiuzhou (Jiuzhou Scenic Area).
Built in the late Kangxi period, the peonies flourished in front of the hall, which was formerly known as Peony Terrace. The building wood is mainly caught wood, and the roof of the hall is covered with two-color glazed tiles. After Qianlong ascended the throne, it was renamed "Louyuekaiyun". , that is, later Emperor Qianlong) served Emperor Kangxi and came here to enjoy the flowers, which deduced a good story about the three emperors Kang, Yong and Qian on the same stage. The main building is Ji En Hall.
Three emperors, Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong, used to enjoy peonies here together (see the note of "Two Sentences Still Reminiscing" in this poem). In the imperial era, it was regarded as a symbol of "peace and prosperity".
Louyue Kaiyun, formerly known as Peony Pavilion, is one of the earliest buildings in Yuanmingyuan. The building wood is mainly wood, and the roof of the hall is covered with two-color glazed tiles; after Qianlong ascended the throne, it was renamed "Louyue Kaiyun". Next to it is Yu Lanfen.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Lou Yuekaiyun The hall is made of fragrant Nan, covered with two-color tiles, and looks like gold. Hundreds of peonies are planted in the front, and ancient pines and greens are listed in the back, surrounded by famous flowers of scallions. When the late spring gives birth gracefully, and the first summer is peaceful, it is most suitable to Xiaoyong.
05. Natural pictures:
It is located on the east bank of Houhu Lake in Jiuzhou Scenic Area, north of Louyue Kaiyun.
Built in the late Kangxi period, it was formerly known as Zhuziyuan, and the east is "Wufutang". There is a plaque with three characters of Kangxi imperial script, which was given to live here by Emperor Jiaqing when he was a child.
The main building is Fangfang Building, the north of the building is Langyin Building, Zhuji Building, Wufu Hall, Zhushenhejing, the west is Jingzhi, and the east is Sudi Spring Dawn.
There are Langyin Pavilion and Zhuyu Tower near the lake. When you go up to the tower, you can overlook the misty mountains in the west, the shadow of the Yuquan Longevity Pagoda in the middle, and the scenery on the four banks of the back lake. The arrangement of garden plants in this scene is also unique. In the courtyard, there are thousands of green bamboo poles and twin trees. Wufutang is cloudy, and there are magnolias in full bloom. This magnolia plant was planted when the Old Summer Palace was first built. Hongli often went to the downstream of the flower when he was a child, and regarded it as Tonggeng. This tree is called the ancestor of Yulan Magnolia. In the fifty-first year of Qianlong, Hongli was nearly eighty years old. He occasionally went to the front of the hall to face the flowers, and he wrote a poem "Wufutang Magnolia Flower Long Song Zhihuai" with emotion. After the poem was completed, it was engraved on the lying tablet and stood on the Beside the flowers, it is also ordered to be decorated with new pavilions and decorated with aragonite.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Natural picture Ten thousand poles are repaired in front of the court, which contrasts with the twin trees. The wind branches are exposed, and the green sleeves are full. The west is a high-rise building, which is folded to the south, with heavy pavilions on the wings. Far and near wins the generals, and it is almost beyond the pen and ink of Jingguan.
06. Bitong Academy:
Located in the northeast corner of Houhu Lake in Jiuzhou Scenic Area, it is a study.
Built in the ninth year of Qianlong, 1744 AD. It used to be called Indus Courtyard. Here, the phoenix tree is like a cover, and the environment is quiet, where you can read and cultivate your character, and talk about the past and the present.
There are three couplets in the front hall of Bitong Academy, five couplets in the middle hall and five in the back hall. It is adjacent to the natural picture in the south, and faces Ciyunpuhu across the water in the west, and Yuncen Pavilion is on the rock in the west.
This scene is a group of buildings built earlier in the Old Summer Palace, and it was called "Wutong Courtyard" during the Yongzheng period. Surrounded by mountains and dense forests, it is a very quiet place. The building is composed of well-arranged courtyards of different sizes. There are three courtyards in total. Under the eaves of the main hall, there is a plaque of Yongzheng imperial script "Bitong Academy". There are also beds and kangs for the emperor to rest in the main hall. Bitong Academy is the place where Qing emperors studied and painted. There are a lot of plane trees planted around the academy. The ancients regarded the tung tree as a symbol of nobility and integrity, and believed that the tung tree can attract the phoenix. The tung tree here is dense, embodying auspiciousness and tranquility. In early summer, the tung trees are full of branches and fragrant. In midsummer, dense twig leaves, retreat from the heat, quiet and serene, it is an excellent place for reading in a quiet room, Emperor Yongzheng studied here all year round.
Emperor Qianlong also praised in his poem, "The moon turns and the wind turns back to the green shadows, and the rainy window is especially noisy. The sound is the color and the sound is silent. Don't ask about the Ni Family Lion Garden."
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Bitong Academy is connected to Pingqiao in front and surrounded by water. There are several books on the left and right of the courtyard, and the green shade is covered, like being in a cool country. Whenever the sound of rain drips, it is enough to move my poetry.
07. Ciyun Universal Protection:
Located in the north of Jiuzhou Scenic Area, it is a temple garden.
Built in the late Kangxi period, the initial scene was named "Jiange". It is the place where Emperor Qianlong often went to worship Buddha. After Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, when the Old Summer Palace was upgraded to an imperial garden, Mr. Feng Shui said that the palace gate was built in the south, oriented towards the Ming dynasty; This scene is located in the north of the central axis, and stands a self-sounding bell tower, which is three feet high, in response to a white mercury.
The front hall of this scene faces the back lake, and there are three couplets, which is called "Huanxi Buddha Field". In the north are three couplets of buildings. Avalokitesvara is worshiped upstairs, and Guandi is worshiped downstairs. To the east is the Dragon King Hall.
The hall of Huanxi Buddha Hall is dedicated to the Huanxi Buddha of Tibetan Esoteric Buddhism, in order to have many children and grandchildren. In its main hall, Ciyun Pu protects and offers to Guanyin Bodhisattva, also praying for a son, but the object of praying is different. The Dragon King is offered in the Dragon King Hall for the sake of good weather. The big self-sounding bell in the self-sounding bell tower reminds him of the time to get up early and manage politics. Therefore, although there are few buildings in this scene, it has strong practical functions. In front of the Huanxi Buddha Field, "vines and flowers hang down, Shugu is in the wind". (Shugu: another name for peony) there are weeping willows in the south, and mountain peaches and apricots are dotted between the buildings.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Compassionate cloud protects a path between the heavy lakes, vines and flowers hang down, rats and girls are in the wind, there are three floors of buildings, and there are clocks and clocks. The hall is dedicated to Guanyin. Next to it is the Taoist cottage, which looks like a rooftop. The stone bridge is secluded, and crossing the bridge is the upper and lower skylight.
08. Up and down the sky:
It is located on the north shore of Houhu Lake in Jiuzhou Scenic Area, west of Ciyun Puhu, and east of Xinghuachun Pavilion.
This scene is a group of buildings built earlier in the Old Summer Palace, which was completed during the Yongzheng period. The name of Shangxiatianguang Scenic Spot comes from the poem "Yueyang Tower" written by Fan Zhongyan, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, "to Ruochun and Jingming, the waves are calm, and the sky is bright, a vast expanse of green".
It is a two-story building, and you can have a panoramic view of the lake and water when you climb up the building. It was built in imitation of the description of Dongting Lake in "The Story of Yueyang Tower" that "up and down the sky, a vast expanse of green". Since the southern part of the pavilion and the platform extend into the lake, it is really a good place to enjoy the moon during the Mid-Autumn Festival.
The main building of Shangxiatianguang is "Hanyue Building", which is a building facing the lake. It is a two-story open pavilion with three couplets on the upper and lower sides. There are pavilions on the left and right. On the outer eaves hang Qianlong's imperial pen "up and down the sky". Hanyue Tower is a group of buildings facing the water. The front half extends into the water. There are a group of water pavilions and waterside pavilions on the left and right sides, connected by a nine-curved bridge. This group of buildings is therefore extremely beautiful and ingenious. In the seventh year of Daoguang (AD 1827), great changes took place in Shangxiatianguang Scenic Area. The original Jiuqu Bridge, Water Pavilion and Waterside Pavilion were demolished, and the main building "Hanyue Tower" was also rebuilt to imitate Jiaxing Yanyu Tower. "Misty Rain Building". During the Xianfeng period, a ceiling was built on the north side of Yanyu Building, and the old name "Shangxia Tianguang" was restored.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Up and down the sky, the rainbow rides the lake, winding a hundred feet. The fence and wings are repaired, and the middle is Guangting. The reflection of the pattern is between the sills. Looking down from the sky, a vast expanse of blue is like a dream swallowing clouds.
09. Xinghuachun Pavilion:
It is located in the northwest of Houhu Lake in Jiuzhou Scenic Area, west of Shangxiatianguang.
Built in the late Kangxi period, it was named "vegetable garden" in Yongzheng period, also known as "Xinghua village". This is a place to appreciate apricot blossoms and grow vegetables, but it is not for the emperor to eat, but for the emperor to open his eyes, understand the farming season and enjoy the rural scenery.
This scene was built in the reign of Emperor Kangxi. It was called Vegetable Garden at first, and it was also called Chunyuxuan later. Yinzhen's "Twelve Odes on Garden Scenery" includes the vegetable garden poems. In February of the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), the imperial plaques of "Xinghuachun Pavilion" and "Xinghua Village" were hung. During the Yongzheng period, it was called Xinghua Village. It was built based on the artistic conception in the poem "Qingming" written by Du Mu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, expressing a simple pastoral taste. When the map was completed in the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), the low houses were separated, surrounded by apricots, and a small garden was opened in front, creating a rural scene. In the 20th year of Qianlong's reign (1755), the front part of the scene was greatly rebuilt, and the Chunyuxuan Palace, Jianhe Yuqing Palace Gate, and Nanshan Deshu Pavilion were added. There are also Cuiweitang, Chengguan, and Luyunhan. The east and west sides of the building face the lake, there is Xinghua Village in the west courtyard, and there is a vegetable garden in front of the building. It was built to imitate the rural scenery, and then a large-scale addition was made to make the scenery more refined.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Xinghuachun Pavilion enters from the mountain pavilion, with low houses and sparse fences. Something is wrong. The ring is planted with apricots, and the flowers are deep in spring, and they are as brilliant as clouds. Open up a small nursery in the front, plant various vegetables, and get acquainted with the scene of the wild village.
10. Open and frank:
Also called Goldfish Pond, it is close to the west bank of Houhu Lake in Jiuzhou Scenic Area.
Built in the late Kangxi period, it imitated Hangzhou's "Flower Harbor Viewing Fish" scene; it is a place to watch goldfish, commonly known as Goldfish Pond. Emperor Qing came here frequently to enjoy the scenery and feed the fish.
Imitating the scenery of "Flower Harbor Viewing Fish" in Hangzhou, it is a fish farming area specially set up in the Old Summer Palace, with pavilions built around it and a large pool dug in the middle. This scene is located on the west bank of Houhu Lake. The hills are low and few buildings are small and short, which is flat and flat, which can introduce the scenery of the West Mountain. It is open and open, with three couplets. The front is Suxin Hall, the back is Guangfeng Jiyue, and the northeast is Zhiyu Pavilion, where you can dig a pond to watch fish. There are thousands of golden scales in the pond, which is the best place for the emperor to watch goldfish, commonly known as the goldfish pond. The scene is surrounded by water on all sides, with mountains on the northwest side, wooden plank bridges across the stream in the west, southwest and southeast, and a stone bridge with extremely beautiful shape - Bilan Bridge in the north. In this scene, there is a water pavilion for watching fish in the pool (light wind and bright moon), a summer bedroom (half-acre garden), and a main room for eating (suxin hall).
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Open and frank, chisel the pond for the joy of fish. Under the house around the pool, there are thousands of brocade scales, stinging and pricking in the wind and algae rain, swimming in circles, leisurely and contented. The poem goes: All the fish are dead, I know the joy of fish, and I am so happy to see the people!
11. Ru Gu Han Jin:
Also known as Shaojingxuan in general, it is located on the west side of Qingyan, Jiuzhou, and faces the Houhu Lake in the east.
Built around the fourth year of Qianlong (1739), the study room. It covers an area of 9000 square meters with a building area of 3300 square meters.
Ru Guhan is now a study. There are five couplets in the main hall, followed by Shaojingxuan, Maoyuzhai, and Zhuxiangzhai. There are 39 halls, rooms, verandahs, and platforms in this scene, including 148 rooms (73 verandahs), one large pavilion with double eaves, one hanging flower gate, and five wall-mounted gates. This scene is the place where the emperor reads in winter, and the decoration is more luxurious. There are nanmu wood panels in the interior, and the windows on all sides are decorated with rosewood window frames and nanmu window cores. When the scene was in its prime, pines and willows were planted, and there was a bamboo forest in front of Zhuxiangzhai. In the thirty-three years of Qianlong (1768), there were major reconstructions.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Ru Gu Han Jin North of the Changchun Immortal Hall, there are clusters of beautiful trees and flowers, full of fragrant stalks, surrounded by curved walls, embellished with perimeter outlines, deep and bright windows, toothpicks and ten thousand shafts, rinse and moisten, and pick up the essence. It is true that today's people love the ancients, and Shaoling's words really won my heart.
12. Changchun Fairy Pavilion:
It is located in the southwest of Jiuzhou Scenic Area, west of Qianhu Lake, west of Zhengda Guangming Hall, south of Ruguhanjin, and adjacent to the garden wall in the south.
It was built no later than the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726).
The first name was Lotus Pavilion. Since the seventh year of Yongzheng, it has been the residence of Hongli, the fourth son of the emperor, so he called himself "Changchun Jushi". Changchun Immortal Pavilion has three couplets at the gate, five couplets at the hall, surrounded by mountains and water, and is connected with other scenic spots by wooden bridges. It is a garden-style architectural landscape group. The island is composed of four courtyards, of which the east courtyard is the main courtyard, which is a complete small courtyard, consisting of an inverted room, a vertical flower gate, east and west wing rooms, and a main room. Under the eaves of the main room hangs the Emperor Qianlong's book "Changchun Immortal Hall". In the forty-second year of Qianlong (1777), Qianlong's biological mother, the Empress Dowager Xiaosheng, passed away, and this place was changed into a Buddhist hall to express Qianlong's longing for his mother. To the west of Changchun Fairy Pavilion are Luyin Pavilion, Lijing Pavilion and Chunhao Pavilion. To the west are Hanbitang and Linxu Guijing. On the west bank of Changchun Xianguan Island, there are also imperial dining rooms, imperial tea rooms, imperial pharmacies, and eunuchs on duty. There is a pavilion and bridge built across the stream in the north of Changchun Fairy Hall, which is called "Lin Xu Gui Jing".
Formerly known as the Lotus Pavilion, it has been the residence of the crown prince Hongli since the seventh year of Yongzheng, and was given the title of "Changchun Layman". Emperor Jiaqing also lived here when he came to the throne.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Changchun Immortal House Entering west along the Shoushan Pass, the house is deep, with multiple corridors and winding sills, winding each other. There are wu and stones in the courtyard path, which can be used for a rest. It is also given to live in the old days. Today, it has been slightly modified, and when the festival is auspicious, the Empress Dowager is welcomed as a place to eat and sleep, and it is covered with the wish cloud of Changchun Zhizhu.
13. Wanfang Anhe:
It is located on the west side of Houhu Lake (Jiuzhou Scenic Area), adjacent to Xinghuachun Pavilion in the east, and high mountains and long waters outside the southwest lake.
Built in the fifth year of Yongzheng, it was formerly known as the Wanzifang. Wanfang Anhexuan, with its unique shape and beautiful scenery, is suitable for living in all seasons. Emperor Yongzheng liked to live in this garden. During the Qianlong period, it was still one of the recreational palaces. During the Dragon Boat Festival, the Empress Dowager was served in this palace for banquets. Emperor Jiaqing also chanted "Wan Fang An He" 23 times.
The plane of Wanfanganhe building is in the shape of a "swastika". The base of the entire white marble building is built in the water. On the base, there are 33 halls with zigzag rooms connected from east to west, from north to south. This is Emperor Yongzheng's favorite scenic spot. The Wanzi house is surrounded by water, and the emperor's throne is set in the middle. Above the throne is the Yongzheng imperial book "Wanfang Anhe". The west road is an indoor stage. The stage design is very ingenious. In the northwest hall, the emperor sat in the west hall and watched the opera, separated by water.
The southeast of the Wanfang house is a waterfront wharf. The emperor usually came to Wanfang Anhe by boat and disembarked directly at this wharf. On the opposite bank of Wanfanganhe, there is a big cross pavilion commonly known as "cross pavilion". A bronze phoenix is also installed on the top of the cross pavilion. Many precious flowers and tree species are planted around the cross pavilion.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Wanfanganhe The structure of the water center is shaped as a swastika. Slightly connected. Looking at the other side, the strange flowers are like beautiful embroidery. Every high autumn moon night, the sky is clear, and the spirit is in the mirror. Precious light gushes out from the chest of this hundred-foot Ningfei Buddha!
14. Spring scenery in Wuling:
In Wanfangan and Northeast (Northwest Scenic Area).
Built in the last years of Kangxi, it was named "Taohuawu" in Yongzheng, which is the reappearance of the scene of Taohuayuan. During the Qianlong period, it was renamed "Wuling Spring Scenery". The young Hongli was granted by Yongzheng to study here for three years, and the study was named "Leshantang".
Passing through the stone cave, the north of the pool is the long sun and the moon in the open pot with five couplets, the east is the natural beauty, and the south is the beautiful scene of the cave sky, the sun and the moon. After crossing the mountain pass, there are Taohuawu, the depth of Taoyuan, Wanchun Pavilion, and Pinshitang.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Wuling Spring Scenery Follow the stream to the north, surrounded by complex valleys. Thousands of mountain peaches are scattered among the foothills of the forest. The fallen flowers are colorful and come out of the water, or the morning sun and the setting sun, the dazzling trees, the rosy snow and the rosy clouds, are indescribable.
15. Mountains are high and rivers are long:
Located in the southwest corner of the Old Summer Palace (Jiuzhou Scenic Area), the Tower of High Mountains and Long Waters is located in the west.
Built in the Yongzheng period, it was originally called the introduction building. Since Yongzheng, every year before the Lantern Festival, a banquet was held here to entertain foreign vassals and foreign envoys, and martial arts competitions were often held here. During the Lantern Festival, a large-scale royal fireworks event is held here, from the 13th to the 19th of the first lunar month.
The High Mountain and Long Water Building is a west-facing two-story building with nine upper and lower rooms; the front is surrounded by a creek and the back is surrounded by hills, and the middle is flat. Across the river is an earth mountain, which is usually the training place for the forbidden army in Yuanmingyuan. There is Qianlong's "earth wall" poem stele. Every year in the first lunar month, a banquet is held here to entertain the princes and princes of foreign vassals, and to enjoy the fireworks show. In the east, there is the "Thirteen Houses", the prince's residence.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
The mountains are high and the water is long. In the southwest corner of the garden, the terrain is flat and there are several couplets of heavy buildings. Every time you look at it, there are many maids in the distant Xiu, and the embroidery in the suburbs is as open as it is. It is the place for the Zhengxi Banquet of the foreign vassal dynasty, and the place where Chen Yulong horns goblets. Usually the guards shoot here.
16. Moonland Cloud Residence:
Buddhist temple. It is located in the west of Yuanmingyuan (Northwest Scenic Area), south of Hongci Yonghu.
It is a temple garden, and there are Buddhist activities on the first, fifteenth, thirteenth, and twenty-third days of each month. (time is inaccurate)
In this scene, there are five couplets in the main hall, a square hall in front, and seven couplets in the back building. To the east is the Fayuan Building, to the east is the Jingshi, and to the northwest is the Temple of General Liu Meng.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Yuediyunju Lingong District 1, backed by mountains and facing the stream, with pine-colored emerald dense, contrasting with the red wall. The Shurangama Altar and the Great Compassion Altar are among them. The fish and whales drink together, and the wind and flags change. After passing Buttega Mountain, he entered Shiluofu City. Yongmingshou's so-called feasting and sitting in the Water Moon Daochang is also a great dream of Buddhist things.
17. Hongci Yonghu:
Also known as Anyou Palace, it is located in the northwest corner of Yuanmingyuan (Northwest Scenic Area), the royal ancestral hall.
It was built in imitation of the Shouhuang Hall in Jingshan, built in the seventh year of Qianlong, and completely imitated the Taimiao of the Forbidden City. It is the highest-standard building in the park, with yellow glazed tiles and double eaves on the top of the mountain, and nine couplets.
In the hall is the statue of Emperor Kangxi, in the east is the statue of Emperor Yongzheng, and in the west is the statue of Emperor Qianlong. In front of the gate of the hall are two glazed archways, each with a pair of Chinese watches. To the north is Zibi Mountain House.
Built in the eighth year of Qianlong, also known as "Anyou Palace", it was built in imitation of the Shouhuang Hall in Jingshan, and completely imitated the Taimiao of the Forbidden City; it is the most magnificent hall in the Yuanmingyuan, the royal ancestral hall. The portraits of Kangxi and Yongzheng are enshrined in the hall. After the death of Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang, they are also enshrined here.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
In the northwest of Hongci Yongku Garden, the land is the coolest. I love to build palaces and dormitories, to worship the emperor's ancestors and the emperor's gods, so as to express my heart. The hall is verdant and Chonghong, and there is Wu in the middle Tang Dynasty. Shuowang Zhanli, resolute knowledge. Zhou Yuan is covered with Qiao Song, and Yu Cui is dry in the sky. Looking at it, I respect and love it.
18. Huifang Academy:
It is located in the northwest corner of Yuanmingyuan (Northwest Scenic Area), south of Zibi Mountain House, and east of Hongci Yonghu.
Built in the seventh year of Qianlong, it is an academy-style garden landscape. There is "remnant snow on the broken bridge" across the stream, imitating the ten sceneries of West Lake in Hangzhou.
The plane of this scene is crescent-shaped (Meiyue Pavilion), with Shuzao Pavilion, Hanyuanzhai, and Suian Room inside, and "Broken Bridge Remnant Snow" across the stream, imitating the Ten Scenes of West Lake in Hangzhou.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Huifang Academy The steps are open and spacious, and the grass and flowers are beautiful. The east side learns the crescent shape, constructs a small room with several rafters, and a virtual pavilion next to it. Strange stones are scrambled out of the soil, the caves are full of green vines, and you can climb up and ask about the stone chambers. Why bother to be in front of the Vulture Peak?
19. Ritian Linyu:
It is located in the northwest of Yuanmingyuan (Northwest Scenic Area), south of Huifang Academy.
Built in the early years of Yongzheng, it is a temple garden, commonly known as the Buddha Building. The building style and regulations are all modeled after the Buddha Building at the Lama Temple.
This scene is a Buddhist hall. There are middle front building, middle back building, west front building and west back building. There is a hallway between the front and back buildings, and the buildings are connected by sky bridges. In front of the middle building is the octagonal pavilion "Surangama Altar", and in the east is Ruiying Palace.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Ritian Linyu In the middle of Ziwei Dan, there is a Huacheng. Cutting off the world of mortals, I feel the same scenery as the mountains and waters, and I can play the round sound for a while. Xiuxiu Shizi, miaomiao Zen habitat. Stepping on the gate, that is, this is the sea of vows of Samantabhadra.
20. Indifferent and quiet:
It is located in the north of Houhu Lake in Jiuzhou Scenic Area (Northwest Scenic Area), and southeast of Ritian Linyu.
Built in the early years of Yongzheng, the shape of the palace is the shape of a Chinese character: "Tian", formerly known as "Tianzifang", it is the place where the Qing emperor observed crops and inspected agriculture.
The appearance of this palace is in the shape of a Chinese character: "Tian". "Tian" means cultivated land, and agriculture was the lifeblood of the feudal empire, and the emperor held a plowing ceremony here every year.
In the east is Shuguang Tower, in the north is Cuifu Tower, outside the west gate is Duojiaxuan, in the east is Guanjiaxuan and Daoxiang Pavilion, in the northeast are Endless Streams and Mountains and Lanxi Yinyu, in the southwest are Shuijingyu, Jingxiang House, Zhaohe Deng, Humiaolou.
There is an imperial poem next to this painting, the original text is as follows:
Indifferent and quiet, imitating the word Tian as a house, the secret room is surrounded by cover, and the dust atmosphere cannot be seen. Outside, the locust trees are shaded with flowers and vines, green and purple, the Fengshui is rippling, the reeds are bleak, and they are indifferent. Xun Yi sees it as quiet, but listens far away.
21. Yingshui Lanxiang:
It is located in the quiet west (Northwest Scenic Area).
It was built no later than the early Yongzheng Dynasty. There are seven hanging plaques in the main hall, "Duojiaxuan", and Emperor Yongzheng had the "Poems on Encouraging Farmers" in this pavilion.
There are five couplets in the main hall of this scene, facing west, Diaoyuji in the southeast, Yinyue Pond and Zhigengzhi in the north.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Yingshui Orchid Fragrance In the calm and quiet Shaoxi, the house is surrounded by pines and bamboos, which is far away from the customs. There are several rows of paddy fields in front, outside the vertical and horizontal green shade, when the cool breeze comes, the rice is fragrant, and the eight hundred nose merits are the first.
22. Mizuki Mincer:
It is located in the center of the small garden agglomeration area north of Houhu Lake, northeast of Yingshui Lanxiang (Northwest Scenic Spot).
It was built in the fifth year of Yongzheng, and it was called Gengzhixuan Water Method at that time. The theme of the garden is to introduce water into the room with Western water method and drive the fan for the emperor to cool off the summer heat, commonly known as the fan room. It is the beginning of my country's introduction of artificial fountain techniques from Western Europe.
This scene is an imitation of Yangzhou Water Bamboo Residence. The fan is driven indoors by a Western-style hydraulic mechanism. It is a precedent of hydroacoustic landscaping in Chinese imperial gardens using the Taixi water method.
In the north is Wenyuan Pavilion, which is one of the seven library buildings built by the Qing government across the country. It houses "Ancient and Modern Book Collection" and "Siku Quanshu".
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Mizuki Mincer Introduce into the room with Taixi water method to turn the fan. Lingling is rustling, it is neither silk nor bamboo, the sky is rustling, and Lin Guangyue is pure green. Li Daoyuan said: The bosom of bamboo and cypresses is wonderfully connected with the heart of God; Here's the situation.
23. Lianxi Music Place:
It is located in the north of Yuanmingyuan, southeast of Huifang Academy (northwest scenic spot).
Also known as "Shenxiu Siyong", it is the largest garden within a garden in the Yuanmingyuan, and it is one of the main recreational palaces in the garden. (time is inaccurate)
This scene is the largest garden within a garden in the Old Summer Palace. In the center of the garden is a large island surrounded by lakes and creeks. The island is slightly to the northwest, and the water surface is wider in the southeast. The lake is surrounded by mountains, and the mountains and rivers are connected.
There are nine couplets in the main hall, the back is Yunxiang Qingsheng, the east is Xiangxuelang, Yunxia Shujuan, and the south is Huiwanzongchun Temple.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Lianxi Music Place There are a lot of rhizomes in the garden, especially here. There are several couplets in the small hall, and the flowing water surrounds it. Every month is cool and hot, and the wind is cool at the beginning of autumn. The green is green and red, and the fragrance is endless. Thinking of the West Lake for ten miles, the wild water is vast, and there is no such thing as strict, clear and beautiful. The left, right, front and back are all gentlemen, and the sun can last forever.
24. Many harvests are like clouds:
It is located in the north of Yuanmingyuan, in the west of Yuyueyuanfei (northern scenic spot).
It is the best place to watch lotus in the imperial garden. Every time when the lotus blooms in midsummer, Emperor Qianlong made a special trip here to serve the Empress Dowager to enjoy the lotus and have a meal. (time is inaccurate)
There are five couplets in the main hall, surrounded by rice fields.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
There are many crops like clouds. There are peaches on the slopes, lotuses in the swamps, the moon, the earth, the flowers and the sky, and the rainbow beams and clouds. They are as majestic as fairy dwellings. On the other side of the wall, the scales are uneven, the wild wind is blowing, and the bamboo hats come and go, and it has the flavor of Tianjia. In ancient times, there was farming, and it was used to know the weather of harvesting.
25. Yuyue Yuanfei:
Located in the northernmost part of Yuanmingyuan, it is located in the northernmost part of Yuanmingyuan, west of the Great North Gate (Northern Scenic Area).
Built in Yongzheng period. This scene is the square hall of five couplets, with doors on all sides. In the east is Changguanxuan, in the southwest is Pucui Huanliu, in the south there are continuous earth mountains, and at the entrance of the mountain is Duozi Pavilion.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
The fish leaps and the kite flies; The surrounding area of Qushui is like a lingering belt. There are scales of cottages on both sides of the strait, morning smoke and evening mist, lush and flat forests. Look for things in front of you, lively and lively.
26. Beiyuan Mountain Village:
It is located in the east of the Great North Gate (Northern Scenic Area).
Built in the Yongzheng period (one said it was built in the Qianlong period), it was originally called Beiyuan Shanfang.
This scene is full of rice fields, and the names of the houses are related to farming, presenting a rich pastoral scene. There are Lanye, Huiyu Jingshe, Water Village Map, Daoliang Building, Shequ Building, Zhanxu Bookstore and other buildings.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Beiyuan Mountain Village Xunyuan walled to Beiguan, the village is scaled, with bamboo fences and huts, alleys and traffic, flat fields and distant winds, there are reed flutes and fisherman's songs and spring pestles answering. When I read the poems of Crown Prince Tian Jia, I encountered this situation.
27. Xifeng Beauty:
It is located in the north of Yuanmingyuan, with Shravasti City in the south and Beiyuanshan Village (Northwest Scenic Spot) in the north.
Built in Yongzheng period. Here is the abbreviation of Mount Lu Scenery, and it is also a good place to enjoy the moon. During the Yong-Qian period, every Qixi Festival, the emperor held a banquet here to beg for cleverness. When Yongzheng came here, he was often overjoyed and forgot to return.
This scene is known as the small Lushan Mountain in the garden, which was rebuilt after the Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi; the Huagang Watching Fish in the back wall was built after the scenic spot of West Lake in Hangzhou. Every year on Qixi Festival, a grand banquet is arranged here. Across the river to the west is Xiaokuanglu, and behind it is the Dragon King Temple. In the east are Hanyunxuan, Yitang Heqi, Zidexuan and Lanjingfang.
The west peak is beautiful, there is a spacious hall and platform in the west, and the scenery of Lushan Mountain is written on the rocky mountain in the northwest. There is a cave on the mountain, which is called Sanxian Cave.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
The beauty of Xifeng, Xuan Ying Dongda, facing Cuiyi. Xishan is refreshing, in my lapel sleeve. Houyu is Hanyunzhai, and more than ten copies of magnolia were planted by Zhou. Fang Chun's flowers are so powerful that they enter the country of all fragrances.
28. Siyi Bookstore:
It is located north of the surface of Fuhai Sea and northeast of Grand Duke Kuoran (Fuhai Scenic Area).
Built in the Yongzheng period, it was formerly known as Chunyu Shuhe. It is different from Siyi Bookstore in Qichun Garden. After Qianlong's southern tour, it was rebuilt after the model of a corner garden surnamed Chen in Haining by the Hangzhou Bay.
There are 5 halls, and the main hall is called Anlan Garden, which was rebuilt after Qianlong's southern tour, modeled on a corner garden surnamed Chen in Haining by the Hangzhou Bay.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Siyi Bookstore Spring is suitable for flowers, summer is suitable for wind, autumn is suitable for moon, winter is suitable for snow, and the residence is suitable. There is a sudden summer in winter, and the summer room is colder, and the poets are beautiful, and the room is allowed, and the gentleman is peaceful.
29. Fanghu Shengjing:
It is located in the northeast corner of Fuhai, east of Siyi Bookstore (Fuhai Scenic Area).
Built in the early years of Qianlong, it was basically completed in the third year of Qianlong (AD 1738). It is a huge mountain-shaped building. It is a group of religious buildings and the most magnificent building complex in Yuanmingyuan. In front is a mountain-shaped platform, which extends into the water and has a hall pavilion on it.
The three large pavilions with double eaves in the front extend into the lake in the shape of a "mountain". The nine pavilions in the middle and back are enshrined with more than 2,000 Buddha statues and more than 30 pagodas. The famous pavilion-like landscape, the theme attic is actually a temple building. Crossing the bridge behind the pavilion is the main hall of Fanghu Shengjing. It is a two-story building with five couplets at the front and back. The east of Fanghu scenic spot is Ruizhu Palace. To the west are Three Pools Reflecting the Moon, Tianyu Kongming, Qingkuang Building and Huazhao Building.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Fanghu Shengjing Three sacred mountains on the sea, the boat is attracted by the wind, and it is only a lie. You must know that gold and silver are palaces, and how different they are. Immediate realm is immortal, at ease in my room, what is there to seek? This square pot is also the name of the residence. In the east is the Ruizhu Palace, and in the west is the Three Pools Reflecting the Moon. Clearing the water and clearing the air, and opening up another scenic spot.
30. Bathing body and bathing virtue:
It is located on the south side of the west coast of Fuhai, facing Fuhai (Fuhai Scenic Area) in the east.
It is the place where dragon boat races are held every year during the Dragon Boat Festival. At that time, the emperor leads the princes and ministers to watch at the Sifang Pavilion of "Wangyingzhou" near the water in the middle. (time is inaccurate)
The vastness of the sea of blessings symbolizes the infusion of the sea but not its fullness. The main hall of this scene is Chengxu Pavilion, with three couplets, Han Qinghui in the south and Han Miaozhi in the north. To the southwest is Jingxiang Library. Beidu River is Wangyingzhou, Xifeng Songyue, and Shenliu Reading Hall.
Bathing body and virtue is a group of landscapes with the artistic conception of the Confucian thought of self-cultivation and moral cultivation. It is mainly composed of three groups of buildings: a group of three waterfront buildings dominated by Chengyuan Pavilion, Wangyingzhou to the north of Chengyuan Pavilion, and Shenliu Reading Hall surrounded by Beitu Mountain. Wangyingzhou is a square pavilion built on a high platform to the north of Chengyuan Pavilion, which is used to overlook the Fuhai landscape.
Shenliu Reading Hall is surrounded by earth and mountains in the northwest of Wangyingzhou. This hall was built in the Kangxi period. Before Qianlong ascended the throne, there was a poem mentioning that "the willows are deeper in the years, and the relatives are still heard today".
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Bathing body and bathing in virtue Fuhai Dongxi, Pingyi mirror is clean, Dai storage ointment stops, Zhuyu Luting, extremely hopeful. Yufu flying heron, swimming Xiangji. Wang Sizhou said: Not only does it open up human emotions, but it also makes the sun and the moon clear.
31. Pinghu Qiuyue:
Located on the northwest coast of Fuhai, the main scene is in the west (Fuhai Scenic Area).
It was built during the Yongzheng period. Imitation of Hangzhou West Lake Pinghu autumn moon scenery.
There are three couplets in the main hall of this scene, Liushuiyin in the back, and Huayu Langao, two peaks Chayun, Shanshuile, Junzixuan, and Zangmilou at the entrance to the northeast. In terms of shape, it combines the essence of Hangzhou West Lake, Pinghu Qiuyue and Shuangfeng Chayun.
The square pavilion with double eaves on the high platform on the east side of the Wukong Bridge is called "Two Peaks Chasing the Clouds", which is also named after the scenery of West Lake. It is the place where Emperor Qianlong ascended the Chongyang Festival. The west courtyard of this scene was rebuilt into a three-volume hall during the Jiaqing period, and the "Jingyuanzhou" was added.
There is an article saying: "The lake is leaning against the mountain, densely covered with bamboo trees, and there are bridges on the left and right for walking shoes. I can't tell the difference between the sky and the water, and the pond (to the right of Wang Jialin) celebrates the coolness of the sky, and the mist and lotus dew are in the sky. Bai Fu Su Gong is elegant and elegant, and he dances with a cup of colorful clothes. Who doesn't know Qiantang at this time."
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Pinghu Qiuyue Leaning against the mountain and facing the lake, bamboo trees are densely covered, and there are bridges on the left and right to pass through the shoes. The lake can be tens of hectares. When the autumn is deep and the moon is bright, the waves are shining and the sky is boundless. On the bank of Sugong embankment, Fang Zisheng is almost a short distance away.
32. Pengdao Yaotai:
Located in the center of Fuhai (Fuhai Scenic Area).
There are three islands in this scene, the structure and layout of which are designed according to the ancient painter Li Sixun's painting "Xianshan Pavilion". There are 3 palace gates and 7 main halls. Suianshi, the west side hall, announces good news for daily safety; there is a bridge in the southeast, which can lead to the East Island, and there is a small pavilion on Yinghai Fairy Mountain on the island; there is a curved bridge in the northwest, which can lead to the North Island, and temples are built on the island. 3 rooms.
Built in the early years of Yongzheng, it was called "Penglaizhou" at that time, and it was renamed "Pengdao Yaotai" in Qianlong. Located in the center of Fuhai, it consists of three small islands, the structure and layout of which are designed according to the ancient painter Li Sixun's "Pavilions on Fairy Mountains". During the Yongzheng period, every good day and festival, princes and ministers were given to go boating, flower viewing or fishing in the Fuhai Sea.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Pengdao Yaotai Three large and small islands are made in Fuhai, imitating Li Sixun's painting, in the shape of fairy mountains and pavilions. Looking at the pavilions and pavilions, it looks like there are five golden halls and twelve jade towers. True and false are the same, small and big are the same, if you know that this is the abbot of the three pots, you can cook the country in half a liter of pan.
33. Jiexiu Mountain House:
It is located in the south of the east coast of Fuhai (Fuhai Scenic Area).
It was built around 1731 (the ninth year of Yongzheng). Here you overlook the clear green of the huge lake, and look at the beautiful scenery of the West Mountain in the distance.
The name of the building in this scenic spot has been changed; the main hall was changed to hang "Yunjinshu" after taking over the Xiushan house. The southernmost courtyard was rebuilt into the three-volume hall "Guanlan Hall" in 1817 (the 22nd year of Jiaqing).
The interior decoration of Jiexiu Mountain House is all made of red sandalwood lacquerware, inlaid with gold, silver, precious stones, ivory, etc. These rare treasures are engraved with landscapes, pavilions, figures, flowers, trees, insects and birds. This kind of decoration, from design to engraving, was created by a craftsman surnamed Zhou Zhou in Hangzhou in the late Ming Dynasty, so it is called Zhou Zhi, which occupies an important position in the history of Chinese sculpture.
Built in Yongzheng period. The interior decoration is all made of red sandalwood lacquerware, which is inlaid with gold, silver, gemstones, ivory, etc. These rare treasures are engraved with landscapes, pavilions, figures, flowers, trees, insects and birds. This kind of decoration, from design to engraving technique, was created by a craftsman surnamed Zhou Zhou in Hangzhou in the late Ming Dynasty, so it is called Zhou Zhi, which occupies an important position in the history of Chinese sculpture.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Connecting to Xiushan House, Hiraoka lingers, the green trees stop storing, the empty hall is idle, and the environment is lonely and barren. Across the bank, the peaks show off their beauty, the haze is green in the morning, and the backlight is purple.
34. There is a hole in the sky:
It is located between mountains and rivers in the southeast corner of Fuhai (Fuhai Scenic Area).
Built around 1730 in the middle period of Yongzheng (the eighth year of Yongzheng), it was called Xiuqing Village at that time. It was located in a secret location and entered and exited through Chengguan. During the Yongzheng period, alchemy was made here, and Emperor Qianlong and Jiaqing loved living in this garden, and there were many inscriptions.
In 1739 (the fourth year of Qianlong), it was named "Bie You Dong Tian". Later, around 1751, 1762 and 1803 (the eighth year of Jiaqing), there were many additions and reconstructions. It is a garden within a garden with scattered pavilions and elegant environment.
The location is hidden, and you can enter and exit through Chengguan. There are Nacui Building, Shuimu Tsinghua Pavilion, Shishang Zhai, and Shifang.
During the Yongzheng period, there was a furnace for alchemy here, and the two emperors Qianlong (reigned from 1736-1795) and Jiaqing (reigned from 1796-1820) often lived in this garden.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
There is no hole in the sky. The east of the garden wall comes out of the water pass, which is called Xiuqing Village. Long and thin forests, reflecting the villas, have their own dust and exterior. It is not necessary to lean on the Cen Jun to block Hengqi, and it is rare to catch it.
35. Clip mirror and piano:
Taking Li Bai's poem "Two waters with a bright mirror, and a rainbow falling from two bridges", the title is "A mirror with a piano playing". (time is inaccurate)
On the south bank of Fuhai, west of Nanping Evening Bell (Fuhai Scenic Area).
It is a water bridge pavilion spanning two small islands on the south coast of Fuhai, taking Li Bai's poetic meaning of "two waters sandwich bright ytterbium, two bridges fall rainbow". There are two small islands in the middle of the south coast of Fuhai, and the ends of the islands form a strait. A white stone bridge spans the strait and connects the two islands. To the north of the bridge is the wide Fuhai Sea, and to the south of the bridge is a small harbor lake. The so-called "clip mirror" is because the vast water surface of Fuhai in the north and the inner harbor in the south, and the bridge pavilion with a circular arch hole flies across the two, combined with the reflection of the water surface, it is just like a circular mirror; the so-called " "Mingqin" means that there is a flowing spring falling on the cliff in the east, rushing into the chaotic rocks, making a sound like playing a qin.
In the east is the evening bell in Nanping, in the west is a painting, with mountains and waters, in the west there are lakes and mountains in sight, beautiful mountains and rivers, and Dongli Changchun. On the hillside to the east is the "Guangyu Palace".
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Jiajingmingqin takes Li Qinglian's poetry of two waters and mirrors, builds a Hongqiao bridge, builds Jie Pavilion on the top, overlooks Chenghong, the reflection of the painted railings, the cliffs hang waterfalls, the water rushes against the stone gaps, and the cong sings, which is still recognized as a legacy ring.
36. Conceal the truth and learn from it:
That is Leifeng Xizhao, located on the east coast of Fuhai (Fuhai Scenic Area).
Built in the early years of Qianlong. (This scene "Hanxu Langjian" is titled "West Lake Evening Scene" in the French gouache version)
It was built after the sunset of Leifeng in the West Lake of Hangzhou. Leifeng Sunset is the only scenic spot among the ten scenic spots of West Lake that needs to be restored and reconstructed. On Xizhao Mountain, a branch of Nanping Mountain on the south bank of the West Lake, there is a brick pagoda with eight sides and five floors. It was built by Uncle Qian Hongshu, king of Wuyue in 975 A.D., to celebrate the birth of his concubine Huang's family. It is commonly known as Huangfei Pagoda. Because the pagoda is outside Xiguan, it is also called Xiguan Brick Pagoda. Later generations renamed it "Leifeng Pagoda" because the pagoda is on a hill named Leifeng. Every time when the sun sets, the shadow of the pagoda is across the sky, resplendent and resplendent, hence the name "Leifeng Sunset".
In the north are Huiruchun, Xunyun Pavilion, and Huixin are not far away, and in the south are Linfangzhong, Yunjinshu, and Wanjingtianquan.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Hanxu Langjian is connected to the west of Yufuhai, and the left and right cloud embankments are surrounded by thousands of chapters. In front of you is a huge empty sky, a flood of pure green. The sun and the moon come in and out, and the clouds and clouds roll and relax. There are misty mountains in the distance, and pavilions near the water. Come and go, don't meet, don't leave, don't fall within its range, if you are like Yan and there is nothing like you, I have it in Haoshang.
37 Grand Duke Kuoran:
Located in the northeast of Savatthi City (Fuhai Scenic Area).
Built in the late Kangxi period, it was formerly known as "Shenliu Reading Hall". During the Yongzheng period, it was greatly expanded, and it is also collectively known as "Shuanghezhai".
This scene is a larger group of buildings in the garden, which was built in imitation of Jichang Garden in Huishan, Wuxi.
The main building of this scene is adjacent to the large pond in the north, and the scenery in the garden is reflected in the water, which still looks like two scenes; The northern half of this scene was built in the middle of the Qianlong period, imitating the rocks in the Yunlin Stone Chamber of Panshan Jingji Villa, and stacked stones. People know that the Garden of Harmonious Interest in the Summer Palace was built in imitation of Jichang Garden in Huishan. In fact, there was also Jichang Garden in Yuanmingyuan at that time. It's just that the artistic conception of the two imitations has its own merits.
Jiaqing poems praised Shuanghe Zhai, saying: the structure imitates Huishan, and the famous garden conveys a peaceful environment and a leisurely environment. The winding path is steep and the pines are luxuriant, and the small cave is rugged and the stone is not stubborn.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Kuoran Grand Duke Pinggang Round, the mountain birds and Zhu birds call each other from far and near. After the Quchi was dug, there was Pu Hanshu. In the long summer, the north window is opened high, and the fragrance of water is blowing, which really opens up the face.
38. Sitting on a rock:
It is located in the northeast of Houhu Lake in Jiuzhou Scenic Area, south of Shravasti City (Northwest Scenic Area).
It was built in the early years of Yongzheng, around 1727 (the fifth year of Yongzheng). It includes five parts: Maimai Street, Shravasti City, Tongyuan, Sitting on the Stone and Linliu, and Lanting. Maimai Street only opens two or three times a year, 20 days each time; Shewei City is a city-like temple complex, commonly known as the Buddha City; The artistic conception of "Water Flowing Cup" was commonly known as Liubei Pavilion when it was first built in Yongzheng.
This scene can be divided into five parts: Orchid Pavilion in the northwest, Baopu Thatched Cottage in the southwest, Shravasti City in the northeast, Tongyuan, a three-story theater building in the southeast, and Maimai Street in the Royal Palace City in the middle.
Lanting, originally a three-bay open pavilion with double eaves, was imitated from the artistic conception of "Qushui Liucup" in the ancient Lanting Pavilion in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. It was built in the early years of Yongzheng, and it was called Liubei Pavilion at that time. The pavilion was later rebuilt into an octagonal shape in 1779 (the forty-fourth year of Qianlong reign), and replaced with giant stone pillars. Each pillar was engraved with a copy of the famous calligraphy "Lanting stickers" of the past dynasties, which is the eight pillar stickers of the Lanting Pavilion. Shravasti City is a typical Buddhist building, commonly known as the Buddha City. It is dedicated to Lord Chenghuang, Emperor Guan, Buddha III, Maitreya Buddha, etc.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Sitting on the stone and facing the flow. In the middle of the flat stream, the springs rush to the confluence, and the strange rocks are steeply arranged. The shock wave is divided into injections, gurgling and ringing, you can rinse your teeth, and you can drink your mouth. As a pavilion, according to the victory, the landscape is calm and clear. East is Tongyuan.
39. Quyuan Fenghe:
Located on the west bank of Fuhai, it is the transition area from Jiuzhou Scenic Area to Fuhai Scenic Area (Jiuzhou Scenic Area).
It is a landscape garden imitating the landscape of the same name in Hangzhou West Lake, and it is the best place to appreciate lotus; it is the transition area from Jiuzhou Scenic Area to Fuhai Scenic Area. There is a 9-hole large stone bridge across the pool (the inscribed plaque on the west archway of the bridge is Jinao, and the inscribed plaque on the east archway is Yudi Bridge, so it is also called Jinao Yudi Bridge), and there is a Quyuan in the north. (time is inaccurate)
There are 5 rooms in a row of the main hall of this scene, modeled after Hangzhou West Lake Quyuan. There is also a nine-hole large stone bridge across the pond. It is the largest stone bridge in the Three Yuanming Gardens. There is Quyuan in the north.
There is a lake in the south, and there is a nine-hole bridge on the lake. The nearly one mile-long earth embankment in the west of the lake is slightly imitated by the artistic conception of the West Lake Sudi. In summer and autumn, the long lake is the land of hibiscus. Strolling on the Jiukong Bridge, walking on the embankment of the lake, watching the lotus standing on the green leaves and swaying in the lake, and smelling the refreshing fragrance, it makes people transcendent.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
Quyuan Fenghe West Lake Quyuan, the place of wine service in Song Dynasty, has the most lotus, so it has the name of Quyuan Fenghe. Here is the red clothes in India, the Changhong shakes the shadow, the scenery is similar, so it is named after it.
40. Deep in the cave:
It is located in the gate of Fuyuan, to the east of Qinzhengqinqian (palace scenic spot).
Built during the Yongzheng period, it was mainly used as a study place for the prince. The front and back islands on the west side are the upper study room, and the courtyard on the east side is the prince's residence.
This scene is mainly the upper study of the East and West Schools and the two North and South Islands in the west. The northeast is the small courtyard of the Ruyi Pavilion of the Qing Palace Painting Academy, and the garden wall adjacent to the east side road is a long strip warehouse courtyard.
There are two courtyards in the east and west of Fuyuan Gate, which are the residences of the princes. In the early days, there were four residences in the northeast, southeast, northwest and southwest, which were called Fuyuanmendongsi. In the twenty-sixth year of Daoguang (1846), it was reported that the four east and west houses of Fuyuan Gate were rebuilt on a large scale into two east and west houses, with vertical flower gates in front of each house, the main building was changed to five rooms on the front and back three floors, and five or three east and west wing rooms were added.
The original text of the imperial poem is as follows:
In the depths of the cave, it is bounded by the stream to the east, and the twists and turns are like an ant plate. The short rafter room is suitable for Austria. Mixed plants and trees, red and green, secluded rock factory, there is a world beyond the world. Shaonan is the front hanging sky, the emperor's imperial examination questions, and the old reading room for the brothers.
1. Tang Dai (after 1673-1752) [Qing] styled Yudong, nicknamed Jingyan, also known as Zhisheng, Ailu, and Mozhuang, a native of Zhenglan Banner in Manchuria. Cheng Zujue, Ren Xiaoqi participated in the leadership, the chief of the official internal affairs office, and only waited for the inner court with paintings. He first learned landscape painting from Jiao Bingzhen, and later became a disciple of Wang Yuanqi together with Wang Jingming and Zhang Zongcang, and became famous in the capital. Emperor Kangxi admired his paintings very much, and often called them to paint, giving him the title of "the number one scholar in painting".
2. Wang Youdun (1692-1758) [Qing Dynasty], his first name was Wang Liangjin, his style name was Shitiao, his nickname was Jintang, and his nickname was Songquan Jushi. A native of Xiuning, Anhui. Born in the 31st year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, he died in the 23rd year of Qianlong at the age of 67. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Jinshi was changed to Shujishi. During the Qianlong period, the officials were tired to the Minister of the Ministry of officials. Honest and cautious, hardworking on the job. When Jinchuan used troops, all imperial edicts were used. When he died, he was given a gift to the prince Taishi, and he was given the posthumous title of Wenduan. You Dun has profound knowledge, elegant and upright diction, and also works in calligraphy. Author of "Songquan Collection".
2. Copper engraving of the perspective view of the Western Building
The Western Building is located in the north of the Changchun Garden. It is the first imitation of a European-style garden in my country. It is composed of more than ten Western-style buildings and courtyards, such as Fashan and Xianfahua. The building materials are mostly white marble, the stone surface is finely carved, and the roof is covered with glazed tiles. In the twelfth year of Qianlong (1747), Emperor Qianlong ordered the Italian painter Castiglione Castiglione (1688-1766) to recommend the French missionary Jiang Youren (1715-1774) because he had seen many pictures of Western buildings and fountains. In the northwestern part of Beijing, the Old Summer Palace (this garden was originally bestowed by Emperor Kangxi to the fourth son Yinzhen of the emperor, and was expanded in the third year of Yongzheng's accession to the throne) has also built "Changchun Garden" and "Qichun Garden". ", especially in the "Changchun Garden" to build a group of popular "Western Buildings". The building combines Chinese and Western colors, and there are many buildings showing Baroque style. No matter in terms of history or architecture, its existence is very meaningful. View" was completed in the forty-eighth year of Qianlong (1783).
This set of Changchun Garden "Western Building Perspective Copperplate Engraving" (engraved by the Inner Mansion during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty) was painted by Yi Lantai, a Manchu painter in the Imperial Palace of the Qing Dynasty, carved by Chinese craftsmen, and sent to France to make copperplates. 1786) After it was completed and engraved in February, the paper drawings were embossed twice, 100 copies each time, 20 pieces each. Copper engravings depict ten Western-style buildings: Harmonious Interest, Yellow Flower Array, Bird Cage, Square Appearance, Haiyan Hall, Yuanying Temple, Dashuifa, Guanshuifa, Xianfashan, and Xianfahua. This is from the library of the University of Manchester, UK.
There are 20 pieces of "Copper Prints of the Western Buildings in the Old Summer Palace" published by the Qing Dynasty in the fifty-first year of Qianlong (1786). Each copper plate uses 26 kilograms of red copper. The pictures depict ten scenes of the Western Buildings in the Changchun Garden, which are: The south and north sides of Qiqu; the east side of the water storage building; the north side of the garden gate; the west and east sides of the bird cage; the front side of the square exterior; the east, south, west and north sides of Haiyan Hall; the front side of Yuanying Temple; The front side of the water viewing method; the south side of the Dashui method; the three mountain gates of the line method;
The painting and engraving technique of this set of copper engravings has reached the level of "extremely precise and fine". Even when the Westerner De La Tour saw this set of copper engravings, he was surprised by the skill and precision of Chinese engraving Western paintings. After embossing 200 sets of paper drawings of the copperplate, the copperplate was hidden in Harmonious Fun.
The original copper engraving of Xiyang Building is 86.7 centimeters wide and 49.4 centimeters high. It faithfully records the original appearance of each building in Xiyang Building.
The copperplate map of the Western Building was originally displayed in the Western Building in the Yuanmingyuan. Two hundred copies of the drawings were displayed in the Western Building of the Old Summer Palace, the Rehe, Panshan and other palaces, and the drawing room of the Manufacturing Office, and were also given to some princes, princes, ministers and governors. In 1860, after the Yuanmingyuan was burned and looted, the whereabouts of the copper plate map was unknown, and the paper map was collected by libraries at home and abroad.
This set is now in the John Rylands Library of the University of Manchester, UK. In addition to 20 copperplates, there is also a color map of the Western Building in the Old Summer Palace, and another complete set of copperplates is collected by the National Library of France.
Copperplate Printing of Perspective View of Western Building
Color map of Western Building in Yuanmingyuan
1. Harmony and Fun South:
Xiongqiqu is located in the south of the west end of Xiyanglou Scenic Area. It is the first European-style water method hall completed in the autumn of the 16th year of Qianlong (1751). The main building has three floors, three rooms on the top floor, and seven rooms on the first and second floors. There are nine arc-shaped verandas in front of the building, which are connected to the two-story octagonal hall, where Chinese and Western musical instruments are played. In the south of the building is a large crabapple-style fountain, in which there are fountains composed of copper sheep, copper ducks and western stonefish.
2. Harmony and Fun North:
There is also a small chrysanthemum-style fountain pool in the north of Harmony Tower.
3. To the east of the water storage building:
The water supply building of the fountain is in the northwest of Xieqiqu, which is called the water storage building. Use mules to pull water carts to lift water to the upstairs reservoir, which acts as a water tower, and then use copper pipes to pour water to the fountain organs. In the 18th year of Qianlong (1753), the Portuguese envoy Bagege watched the wonders of water law here.
4. To the north of the garden gate:
Located on the north side of Harmonious Interest, it is a European-style labyrinth imitated. A rectangular labyrinth is built on the outside, and a high platform with a round base and an eight-way Western-style pavilion is built in the center. The square array is 89 meters long from north to south and 59 meters wide from east to west. The total length of the array wall is more than 1600 meters, and the wall height is about 1.2 meters.
5. Garden front:
During the heyday of the Yuanmingyuan, it is said that on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, the emperor held a lantern party here. The ladies in the palace held lotus lanterns made of yellow silk and ran around in the middle of the labyrinth. will be rewarded. So this formation is also called the yellow flower formation.
6. To the west of the bird cage:
Located on the east side of Huanghuazhen, it is actually a western gate, which was built in the 24th year of Qianlong (1759). In the Ming Dynasty, there is a hallway door, and peacocks and other birds are caged in the north and south sides of the house, so it is called the cage for raising birds.
7. To the east of the bird cage:
8. Front side of square appearance:
Located in the east of Harmonious and Interesting, it was built in 1759 (the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong). It is three small two-story Western-style buildings facing south, with circular stone stairs on the left and right. The ceiling and walls of the interior are decorated with large Western landscape paintings. There are four glass hanging screens on the east and west walls of the upper floor, each with a silk painting of a figure, painted by Western painter Wang Zhicheng. There is a large glass mirror in the Ming room downstairs, a Western carpet imitated by Castiglione on the west wall, and a Western light mirror and a dragon and phoenix water method in the east room. It is said that this building was once the place where Emperor Qianlong's Uighur concubine (Concubine Rong, commonly known as Xiangfei) worshiped, and two Islamic inscriptions were placed in the room. The stele is made of white marble, about 1.3 meters in diameter, and is engraved with Arabic inscriptions. The second stele has long since disappeared, but there are still images of the inscription in the early 20th century. There is a western-style octagonal pavilion outside the Southwest Bridge.
9. To the north of the Bamboo Pavilion:
The Bamboo Pavilion, also known as the Five Bamboo Pavilion, is located on the opposite side of the square exterior, facing north from the south. It consists of 18 pavilions with five Western-style double-eave pavilions and four bamboo-style verandas. There is a circular fountain in the north of Wuzhu Pavilion, and lotus ponds on the left and right. Today there are no remains.
10. To the west of Haiyan Hall:
To the east of the square exterior, it is composed of the main building of Haiyan Hall and the Hougong-shaped water storage building, which is the largest European-style garden landscape. Built in the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong (1759). The main building of Haiyan Hall faces west, with eleven rooms on the upper and lower sides. There are cascading fountains on the left and right of the building door, and a large fountain at the bottom of the steps. On the left and right sides of the pool, there are bronze statues of human bodies and animal heads of the twelve Chinese zodiac signs. At twelve hours every day and night, the twelve zodiac signs will spray water in turn, commonly known as the water clock.
11. To the north of Haiyan Hall:
The back building of Haiyan Hall is an I-shaped platform building, and there are small fountain pools in the north and south of the building. This building is the water supply building for the nearby fountain groups. The east and west ends of the building are water wheel houses for water lifting, and the platform in the middle is a high platform of sea wall, on which a reservoir is built, commonly known as Xihai, which can store more than 160 cubic meters of water at a time.
12. To the east of Haiyan Hall:
13. To the south of Haiyan Hall:
14. Front view of Yuanying Temple:
Adjacent to Haiyan Hall in the west, at the intersection of the north-south axis of Changchun Garden and the east-west axis of Xiyang Building, there is the most spectacular European-style fountain landscape. In the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong (1793), the British envoy Magorny once visited here.
15. South of Dashuifa:
Facing south, Dashuifa is a group of fountains with stone niche buildings as the background. There is a hunting dog fountain in the oval chrysanthemum-shaped fountain, and a thirteen-level water spray tower in the left and right fronts. It is spectacular when they are open together. On the north side of Dashuifa, Yuanyingguan, a western bell tower-style hall on a high platform, was built in the forty-eighth year of Qianlong (1783). Its doors and windows are all inlaid with glass, with a total size of 1206 pieces. The dozens of tall stone pillars in Yuanyingguan are all made of high-quality white marble, especially the huge white marble pillars on both sides of the Zhongquan.
16. Positive aspects of water observation method:
On the south side and facing north, there are thrones and stone carving screens for the emperor to watch the fountain, which is called the water viewing method. These two scenes were built around the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong (1759).
17. The front of the mountain gate of Xianfa:
Located in the east of Dashuifa, a western-style octagonal pavilion is built on a circular mound. Line method means Western perspective. This mountain used to be the place where Emperor Qianlong raced horses and climbed mountains, commonly known as Zhuanmatai. The main entrance of Xianfa Mountain faces west, and there are two archway gates at the front and back. The east gate was also called snail archway at that time.
18. The front of Xianfa Mountain:
19. Line Fashan East Gate:
20. Painting on the Eastern Lake Line:
It is located in the easternmost part of Xiyanglou Scenic Area. On the east bank of the Fanghe River, seven symmetrical broken walls in the shape of a figure-eight are built. Western landscape oil paintings are hung on the walls. Looking from the west bank, it forms a far-reaching western street scene. This scene is also known as the line law wall.
Introduction to the background knowledge of "Copperplate Prints of Western Building Perspective":
The so-called copper engraving is to first apply a layer of anti-corrosion wax on the copper plate, scratch it with a knife or needle, and then corrode it with an acidic corrosion solution. After entering the grooves, and then using a roller to print the ink in the grooves onto the paper, the printmaking is complete. Therefore, the sketch that looks like a pencil is actually completed after a series of very complicated processes. The painting and engraving technique of this set of copper engravings has reached the level of "extremely precise and fine". Even when the Westerner De La Tour saw this set of copper engravings, he was surprised by the skill and precision of Chinese engraving Western paintings. The 40 sets of paper drawings embossed by the copper engraving were placed in various places in the Old Summer Palace. According to Zong Tianliang, an associate research librarian of the Yuanming Yuan Management Office, there are only two sets of copper engravings in China. It is the Forbidden City in Beijing. As for the original copper plate, it was hidden in Harmonious Interests at that time, but it has been lost now.
