2014 self-driving travel (Twenty-seven) took the grandson to travel
Sichuan·Liangshan Prefecture·Xichang·Mianning·Yihai Scenic Area
I stayed in Mianning County last night. The county is not big, but it is beautiful and tidy. Because it is a red area, there are sculptures and publicity scenes that reflect the Red Army and the love between the Red Army and the Yi people.
According to today's arrangement, the first scenic spot after breakfast is to go to Yihai Provincial Scenic Area.
Yihai Scenic Spot is one of the 100 classic red tourist attractions in the country and an important viewing point for the national boutique red tourist routes. It can be seen here that the Yihai Alliance Monument, the Yihai Alliance Memorial Hall, the Yihai Alliance Sculpture, and the Yihai Ecological Walkway have been built through the national red tourism funds and the county party committee and county people's government self-raised funds. .
In the Yihai seaside, in addition to feeling the strong ethnic customs, in the newly built memorial hall, tourists can also make the red scenic spots have "Tingtou" through related "revolutionary stories", and can personally experience the history of the Yi nationality leader Xiaoyeda (Xiaoyedan). ) was willing to negotiate with the Red Army after listening to the propaganda, and on May 22, 1935, he met Commander Liu Bocheng of the Red Army's advance force at the seaside of Yi. The Red Army also established the first ethnic minority local red armed force - the Guji (Guoji) detachment of the Chinese Yi People's Red Army. The Yihai alliance ensured that the Red Army passed through the Baili Liangshan Yi area smoothly. Under the extremely difficult circumstances at that time, precious vital forces were preserved for the main force of the Red Army. It also won precious time for rushing to cross the Dadu River and flying over the Luding Bridge. Through the display and exhibition of the cultural relics in the Alliance Memorial Hall, the ancient scenic spots can be "watched", and through the play of the natural ecology of the Yihai Sea Scenic Area, you can feel the "playful" green scenic spots in the scenic spot.
1. Yihai Scenic Area
Yihai, formerly known as Yuhaizi, is 2,280 meters above sea level and is named for its abundance of fine scale fish. It is called "Wule Subo" or "Su Pin" in the local Yi language. Yihai is an alpine deep-water lake. Yihai Haizi is in the shape of an ingot, facing north-south, covering an area of 233 mu, with an average water depth of 9.8 meters and a deepest depth of 15 meters. It often stores 1.353 million cubic meters of water. Located on Yangping Mountain in Yihai Town, 68 kilometers north of Mianning County, it is about 120 kilometers away from Xichang, the capital of Liangshan Prefecture, with an area of 1 square kilometer and a planned protection area of 30 square kilometers. It is 7 kilometers away from G108 National Road and about 9 kilometers away from G5 Beijing-Kunming Expressway , built a dedicated road.
Yihai is surrounded by verdant pines, numerous trees, grass-covered fields, various mountain flowers competing for beauty, and migratory birds flocking on the lake surface. The overall landscape is full of vigor and harmony. There is also the world-famous historical story of "Yihai Alliance" happened here. There are Yihai Memorial Hall and monuments by the lake, showing people the historical chapter of the Long March of the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants. The mountains, waters and forests of Yihai Lake are particularly bright and fresh. Looking down from a height, Haizi looks like a sparkling sapphire inlaid in the mountains, crystal clear. Haizi is surrounded by towering ancient trees, covered with fragrant grasses, azaleas, lilacs and camellias competing for splendor. Groups of wild ducks in the lake swooped and croaked, and mallards played with the water. Strolling along the seashore is like melting into the brushstrokes and ink marks of ink painting, which makes people reverie and feel refreshed. The local folk customs are simple, and the Yi people are warm and hospitable. Duck eggs and potatoes by the lake cost one or two yuan each. There are not many tourists. It is a good place for leisure and entertainment and receiving revolutionary education.
The "Yihai alliance" is the first manifestation and major victory of the Chinese Communist Party's ethnic policy in practice, adding the most glorious touch to the miraculous Long March. In the process of passing through the Yi area, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army put forward: "The Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army liberates the weak and small ethnic groups; all Yi and Han civilians are brothers and sisters." After the victory, a solid foundation was laid for the formulation of ethnic policies and the system of ethnic regional autonomy.
In the first ten days of May 1935, after the Central Red Army’s Long March crossed the Jinsha River from Jiaoping, Yunnan Province, it continued northward along Huili to Xichang Avenue, temporarily getting rid of the siege and interception of Chiang Kai-shek’s heavy troops, and achieved the strategic goal of crossing the Yangtze River north and entering the territory of Sichuan . However, it has not been possible to join forces with the Fourth Red Army, and to go to northwest Sichuan, or Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu to create a new Soviet area and find a foothold, there are still many difficulties to overcome, and the most important difficulty at present is to fly over The natural danger is the Dadu River.
At that time, there were two ways to go from Lugu to Dadu River:
One is the main road at that time. From the east of Lugu, cross Xiaoxiangling, pass through Yuexi County to Dashubao, and then cross the Dadu River, and then you can go straight to Ya'an, threatening the enemy's heart in Sichuan-Chengdu.
The other is a small path, which is a rough and difficult trail with cliffs and precipices. It is from the north of Lugu to Mianning County, and then from the north of Mianning County, crossing Tuowu Mountain to Anshunchang and crossing the north, but separated by the Tuowu Yi people's settlement in Daliang Mountain.
At that time, people regarded the small road passing through the Yi area as a treacherous way, and it was not easy for the army, especially the Han army, to pass through this area.
Here lives an ethnic minority in southwestern China - the Yi nationality. The Yi nationality is one of the nationalities with a long history and ancient culture in my country. They have lived and multiplied for generations on the southeastern edge of the majestic Kham-Tibet Plateau and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. For thousands of years, the Yi people have been participating in various military, political, economic and other activities in our country, and have made great contributions to building our great motherland and maintaining unity.
At that time, the Yi people living in the Daliang Mountains were still a nation under the slave society due to the backwardness of productivity and production relations. Because the reactionary ruling class of all dynasties has consistently carried out the policy of national oppression, military conquest, political discrimination, economic plunder, and cultural assimilation of the Yi people, the Yi people have suffered a lot. Cunning Han businessmen often take advantage of the simplicity and sincerity of the Yi people to deceive and exploit them. The army of the Kuomintang warlords often carried out "suppression" and looting against them. All these have aroused the Yi people's suspicion and hostility towards the Han people, and planted deep prejudices. They especially opposed the entry of Han "officers and soldiers". Obviously, at that time, it was very difficult for them to quickly and essentially understand what kind of army the Red Army was and the essential difference between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang. Under such circumstances, it is not an easy task to pass through this area smoothly.
In order to buy time, it is necessary to pass through the Yi people's area in Daliang Mountain. The only weapon with which to overcome this difficulty at the time was the party's ethnic policy. On May 19, 1935, the Central Military Commission appointed Liu Bocheng as the commander of the advance team, and Nie Rongzhen, the political commissar of the First Red Army Corps, as the political commissar of the advance team. It is conceivable that the task of the advance team of the Red Army, which appointed Xiao Hua, head of the Organization Department of the Political Department of the First Red Army, as the leader of the Mass Work Team, has a lot of burdens on its shoulders.
Before the advance team left, Mao Zedong personally pointed out to Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen that the mission of the advance team was not to fight against the Yi people, but to publicize the party's ethnic policy, use the appeal of the policy to achieve friendship with the Yi people, and try to persuade them, Use a peaceful method to borrow the Yi people's area. As long as the entire Red Army implements discipline and party and ethnic policies in an exemplary manner, it will surely win the trust and sympathy of the Yi people. Not only will the Yi people not beat us, but they will also help us cross the Dadu River first through the Yi-inhabited areas.
The Tuowu area to the north of Mianning is where the Yi compatriots live together. They are still in a slave society. They are divided according to the three branches of Guoji, Luohong and Luowu, and form their own tribes. They often "fight enemies" and fight with each other. endlessly. Due to the long-term oppression of the Kuomintang reactionaries and local warlords, there was deep estrangement and suspicion with the Han people, and there was a deep-rooted hostility, which brought great difficulties for the Red Army to pass through the Yi area.
The advance troops led by Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen arrived at Daqiao (now Daqiao Town, Mianning County) on May 21. After investigation and research, they found a guide and general secretary (translator), and on May 22, the Red Army's engineering platoon entered the Yihai area .
At that time, the Yi nationality had been discriminated against and oppressed by the Kuomintang's ethnic discrimination policy for a long time, and there was a deep gap with the Han nationality. When the Red Army crossed the Ewa pass, they were attacked and "harassed" by the Yi people from time to time. And found groups of Yi people haunting the woods, and howling, trying to stop the advance of the Red Army. The troops were forced to shorten the marching distance, and when they reached Yihaizi, gunshots suddenly came from the direction of Ewa behind them, and hundreds of Yi people poured out, wielding big knives, hairpins, spears and sticks, roaring loudly and falling towards the Red Army. . But the Red Army never fired a single shot, but kept making propaganda and explanations to the Yi compatriots. However, the two sides did not understand each other, and it was useless for the Red Army to explain. Then, news came from behind: "Because the engineering platoon behind was behind and had no weapons, the Yi people robbed them of all their tools and equipment, stripped them of their clothes, and were forced to go back to the starting point by the same route. This place , the advance troops were faced with a serious situation of encirclement in front and attacks in the back. The Red Army insisted on implementing the party's ethnic policy and would never shoot, so the troops stopped advancing.
Xiao Hua of the advance team of the Red Army found a grandfather named Shama Yigu, and hoped that the grandfather would convey the goodwill of the Red Army to Xiao Yedan: first, the Red Army was just using excuses and would never invade the Yi people; second, the Red Army was advocating ethnic equality of. Aunt Shamayi's grandfather saw that the Red Army was a good army, so he gave Xiao Hua an idea that there is a way to gain the trust of the Yi people, and that is to sworn brothers with our leader.
When the Tongsi (translator) shouted to the Yi people and did the propaganda and explanation work, but there was no effect, suddenly several people came from the pass of the valley on mules and horses. The fourth uncle Guojiyeda. The general secretary stepped forward to contact him, saying that the head of the Red Army wanted to talk to him. Guojiyeda (Xiaoyedan) readily agreed, and immediately dispersed the gathered crowd. Xiao Hua, the captain of the Red Army Mass Work Team, sat down with Guojiyeda on the spot and had a conversation, explaining that the Red Army fought for the oppressed and that they did not disturb the Yi compatriots. Just take the road north. And according to the characteristics of the Yi people who value loyalty very much, he also told him that Commander Liu is willing to become brothers with the leader of the Yi nationality. At first, Gokiyorda was a little skeptical, but when he saw that the Red Army's military discipline was very strict, unlike the local warlords' army that swarmed into the bunker to burn, kill and loot, he dispelled his doubts and accepted the idea of forming an alliance. Xiaoyedan's full name is Guoji Xiaoyedan, Guoji may be translated as Guji, Guji, and Xiaoyedan may be translated as Little Jordan. The Yi nationality implements the system of consecutive names between father and son. According to this custom, Xiaoyedan's full name should be Guoji. Muji. Yedan. Guoji is the name of the family branch, Muji is the father's name, and Ye Dan is the real name. In order to distinguish it from Ye Dan with the same name, the word "small" was added. According to the customs of the Yi people, it is enough to call "Guoji Yedan" under normal circumstances, but on certain occasions, in order to express solemnity or solemnity, it is necessary to call the full name of the joint name of father and son.
Xiaoyedan was born in 1894 AD (the 20th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty). The Guoji family is the descendant of Qu Nie, one of the two legendary ancestors of the Liangshan Yi nationality, and is one of the largest family branches in the Liangshan area. The so-called "family branch" is a patrilineal blood group organization under the slavery system of the Yi people in Liangshan, and intermarriage is strictly prohibited inside. At that time, there were more than 100 black Yi clans in the Liangshan Yi area that were not affiliated with each other and each had a fixed area, and they actually played the role of political power. There are big and small heads in the family branch, and they handle internal and external affairs according to custom.
The Guoji family lived in the Puxiong area in the hinterland of Liangshan (now Yuexi County). It was not until the end of the 19th century that their ancestors moved to Baisha Village, Yihai Town, Mianning County.
There are 6 brothers of Guoji Jr. Jordan, and he ranks fourth. He has been stubborn and forthright since he was a child, and he was sociable and loyal in his younger years. Due to his status as an aristocrat, he was familiar with customary laws and allusions in his middle age, and was able to speak eloquently. He became a political representative of the local Yi nationality and one of the arbiters of major events. Not only is he quite prestigious and appealing within the family, but he is also an influential leader in the Mianning area, and he is regarded as a "sage who is good at eloquence".
When Xiao Hua, captain of the mass work team, led the Red Army to Guoji's territory, "Guoji" and "Luo Hong" were fighting constantly. Xiao Yedan, the leader of the "Guoji" family, readily agreed to form an alliance with the Red Army.
After Xiao Hua reported to Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen, Liu Bocheng immediately rode to Yihaizi. At the same time, Guoji Xiaoyedan led the housekeeper (that is, the housekeeper selected from among the slaves) Xiaomargezi also came. When Guoji Xiaoyedan met Liu Bocheng, he took off the cow's black handkerchief and kowtowed. Seeing this, Liu Bocheng hurriedly went up to help Xiaoyedan and said, "Brother, don't do this. We are brothers and we are all equal. Don't like this!" Guoji Xiaoyedan asked, "Are you Commander Liu?" Liu Bocheng replied "I'm the commander." Guoji Xiaoyedan went on to say, "I'm Xiaoyedan. People conquer the world. The Communist Party implements equality between the Han and Yi people, and the Yi people are one family, and their own people don’t fight their own people. They must unite to fight against the Kuomintang warlords. After the Red Army returns, everyone will live a good life. Xiao Yedan was very moved. He said that before seeing Kuomintang officials, they would kneel down. It seems that the Red Army and the Kuomintang troops are really different.
In this way, through the translation of Tong Si and Shamar's sons, and through frank and friendly conversations, an agreement was reached smoothly. Therefore, Liu Bocheng and Guoji Xiaoyedan readily decided that the two parties decided to make a blood alliance oath and become brothers by fighting chickens and eating blood wine by the Yihaizi.
It was in this beautiful place that the world-famous "Yihai Alliance" was held. Guoji Xiaoyedan asked someone to find a chicken, but there was no wine or glass. Liu Bocheng untied two porcelain cups from the belts of the Red Army guards, and asked the guards to scoop up water from the Yihai Sea and replace the wine with water. When the sons of Shamar killed the chicken and dripped the chicken blood into two porcelain cups, Xiaoyedan asked Liu Bocheng to drink first. According to the customs of the Yi people, whoever drinks first is the elder brother, and brothers should obey the elder brother. Liu Bocheng held up the porcelain cup proudly, and swore loudly: "There is heaven above, and there is earth below. Today, Guoji and I became brothers by the side of Yihaizi when we were young. If there is any repetition, heaven and earth will perish." After speaking, he drank the blood wine in one gulp. Guoji Xiaoyedan smiled and called, "Okay!" He also picked up the porcelain cup and said loudly: "I, Xiaoyedan, and Commander Liu are brothers, and I am willing to live and die together. If you don't keep the promise, you will die like this chicken." After finishing speaking He also drank it in one gulp. Liu Bocheng gave the revolver and several rifles he carried with him to Guoji Xiaodan in public. Guoji Xiaodan also gave Liu Bocheng the black mule he was riding, and the alliance ended. That's it, The Yi people and the Red Army became a family.
In the evening, the advance troops of the Red Army still returned to the bridge to camp. Liu Bocheng invited Guoji Xiaoyedan's uncle and nephew to the bridge together. The Red Army bought all the wine on the street, and paid the price to accept the pork and mutton sent by the masses, and held a banquet to congratulate the alliance. At the same time, Luo Hong Zuoyi, the leader of Luo Hong's branch, and Chen Zhixi, a Han Chinese, were invited to the banquet together.
On behalf of the Red Army, Liu Bocheng awarded some weapons, ammunition and a red flag with the words "Chinese Yi People's Red Army Guji (Guoji) Detachment" to Xiaoyedan, officially establishing the Chinese Red Army Yi People's Detachment. He also made an impromptu speech, persuading the Yi people not to beat their enemies, Han Bao Yi, Yi Bao Han, unite and beat the Liu family.
The next day, under the guidance of Guoji Xiaoyedan, the advance troops of the Red Army marched north through Owayihaizi. Along the way up and down the mountain, there are groups of Yi people everywhere, shouting "Ah Hou". However, this time the shouts were not like the glaring yesterday, but a welcome and farewell with a smile on his face. Liu Bocheng broke up with Xiaoyedan in the lama room, and the Red Army left the staff officer Ding Bolin as the liaison officer of the follow-up troops. Guoji Xiaoyedan sent his sons (i.e. slaves) Shama Gezi, Shama Bahei, Guoji Zida, and Guoji Teda as guides to escort the troops led by Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen to Shau Kei Wan, and then Guoji Azui Send it to Chaluo, leave the Yi District, and go straight to Anshunchang. From then on, the follow-up troops of the Red Army followed the friendship road of "Yihai alliance" and successfully passed through the Yi area that the enemy estimated to be impossible to pass through. The "Yihai alliance" embodies the victory of the party's ethnic policy, embodies the minority's love for the Red Army and the unity of the army and the people, and the "Yihai alliance" adds glory to the miraculous Long March.
