Born in the 1960s, when I was in elementary school or middle school, the happiest thing of the year was going out in spring or autumn. At that time, I usually went to parks, and most of them were parks in the city or suburbs, such as the Summer Palace, Beihai, and Zhongshan Park. Knowing the news of the garden tour, I will be excited for several days. Parents bring bread, biscuits and other delicious food in advance, and some difficult families bring pancakes, and some even sweet potatoes and steamed buns. Basically, no one brought water, let alone drinks. It seems that there were no drinks at that time, and they all drank tap water, which is called "pushing tail pipe" in Beijing dialect. The drinking water in the park looks relatively high-end. There is a kind of tap water specially for tourists to drink. They are all the same water, that is, the spout is upward and thinner. The water tastes sweet and refreshing, and it is better than the current pure water. too much.
At that time, children played a lot of things, and they were all outdoors, such as playing, skating, smoking traitors, bouncing glass balls, making smoke paintings, pulling roots, pushing hoops, sticking buttocks Curtain and so on. During the day, before school and after school, the streets are full of crazy fun, very happy. But few people go to the park, so the school organized garden tours are especially attractive to us as children. When I came to the park, the children were like a flock of happy birds, chirping non-stop. Although I don't know much about many things in the park, and I don't know how to appreciate them, but this novelty, this happiness, and this freedom still make me miss it deeply.
As we grow older, we see more of the world and our living conditions improve, but our happiness decreases. I often go to other places to play, but I basically don't go to the parks in Beijing. The happy childhood is a memory that will never be erased. Taking advantage of the fact that you cannot travel far during the epidemic, it is really wonderful to take a trip to the parks in Beijing and find the happy childhood memories.
Beihai Park
"Let's Swing Oars" was the most familiar song when I was a child. Whenever I sang this song, the images in my mind were red walls, white towers, rippling boats, and laughter. It seemed that this song was the promotion of Beihai Park painting.
Among the parks in Beijing, Beihai Park was the one I visited the most when I was young. One is near, and the other is cheap tickets. It seemed like fifty cents in the seventies. Even so, spending 50 cents to go to the park is not cheap for ordinary families. So it is difficult to go there several times a year. If you can row a boat once, it will be the same as Chinese New Year, and it will be very beautiful.
Beihai Park is located in the city center, adjacent to Jingshan Mountain in the east, Zhongnanhai in the south and Shichahai in the north. The whole park takes Beihai as the center and mainly consists of Qionghua Island, East Bank, North Bank and Tuancheng Scenic Area. Xiaoxitian, Nine Dragon Wall, White Pagoda, Yong'an Temple, Tuancheng, and Jade Urn are the essence of the whole park.
The history of Beihai Park can be traced back to the Liao and Jin Dynasties. By the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty, it had become a large-scale royal palace. Later, through continuous repairs and additions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many pavilions, platforms, halls and pavilions were built. In the eighth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, for the sake of national harmony, the ancestor Fulin of the Qing Dynasty built a Tibetan-style white pagoda on Qionghua Island and a white pagoda temple in front of the pagoda according to the request of the Tibetan lama Anmu Khan. In the twenty-sixth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing, and Beihai was trampled on. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the government allocated huge sums of money to repair Beihai Park, dredged the lake, and repaired ancient buildings. Beihai Park took on a new look and became the favorite park of the citizens.
(picture from the Internet)
It took two and a half days to go to Beihai Park this time. They all entered from the north gate. On the first day, they mainly visited Qionghua Island, and on the second day, they mainly visited the attractions on the north bank, west bank, and east bank.
On the first day, enter the north gate. When the door just opened at six o'clock, it was basically the elderly who exercised early, and it was very quiet.
Walking southward along the east bank of Taiye Pool, the water surface is as calm as a mirror, with weeping willows on the side of the bank, and the palaces and pavilions in the emerald green.
Why is the lake in Beihai called Taiye Pool?
In the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty diverted water from Kunming Pool in the northwest of Jianzhang Palace and dug a large pool, named Taiye Pool. Three islands are built in the pool, symbolizing the three immortal mountains of Yingzhou, Penglai and Fangzhang in the East China Sea. This is the first fairy garden-style royal garden with a complete Sanxian Mountain in history. Since then, "one pool and three mountains" has become the main model of royal gardens until the Qing Dynasty.
During the Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty, the Daming Palace was built and the Longshou Canal was led into the city, which was called "Penglai Pool", also known as "Taiye Pool".
In the Yuan Dynasty, Beijing also had Taiye Pond, which is now Beihai and Zhonghai.
In the Ming Dynasty, the specifications and layout of the Taiye Pool in the Yuan Dynasty were still maintained. After expansion, the South China Sea was excavated to the south, which expanded the water area of the Taiye Pool and established the layout of the North, Central and South Seas.
Therefore, Taiye Pool is the general name of the North, Central and South Seas. Beihai has become a park, and Zhonghai and Nanhai have become the offices of heads of state.
There is a big contrast between the buildings outside the park and the landscape inside the park. I don’t think it’s very harmonious. I don’t know how the original planners considered it.
Shouldn’t the concept of borrowing landscapes to build gardens in the Summer Palace be used as a reference? At least it shouldn't affect the landscape of the park.
The white pagoda stands in the shade of green trees, and the promenade is nestled beside the Taiye Pool.
Zhishan Bridge is facing the east gate, and you can go to Qionghua Island by crossing the bridge.
Zhishan Bridge was demolished and rebuilt in the fifth year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. The whole bridge is strong and corrosion-resistant. The foundation part is made of granite, and the bridge body and three-hole arch are made of fired green bricks.
Continuing to the south, there is a lotus pond, and Tuancheng is faintly visible in the southwest.
Occasionally, lotus flowers are in bud.
Mandarin ducks frolicking in the pool. This one is very special, with multi-colored feathers, it should be a bearded male.
The White Pagoda is becoming clearer and clearer in the emerald green.
The water in the pool is blue, the trees are green, the white pagoda and bridge are reflected in the pool, and the archway is Weiwei, standing with the mountain behind it.
Go west along the coast and come to the bridgehead.
There is a wooden archway at the head of the bridge, and the forehead of the square is "Jicui". This archway was first built in the Yuan Dynasty and has a history of more than 700 years, and has been repaired many times. Four pillars, three rooms, three floors, green glazed tiles and hip roof form, "Ji Cui" describes the scene of Qionghua Island with lush forests and verdant verdure.
Archways are common in Beijing, especially in the Summer Palace and Beihai. In my impression, I feel that there are more Summer Palaces, but it is not. According to research, there are 16 archways in Beihai, but there are only 15 in the Summer Palace, that is to say, there is one more archway in Beihai than in the Summer Palace. Of course, due to historical reasons, some archways in the Summer Palace were destroyed.
The archways in Beihai Park are currently the largest in terms of density and quantity. If you come to Beihai, you must pay more attention to the archways in Beihai. I will definitely appreciate these archways carefully when I have time in the future.
In front of the archway is a pair of stone lions, with mighty posture, open mouth and bright eyes.
On the south side of Jicui Archway is Tuancheng, and on the north side is a stone bridge - Chang'an Bridge. Tuancheng is not open now.
The predecessor of Yong'an Bridge was a wooden bridge in the Yuan Dynasty. In the eighth year of Qianlong's reign, it was rebuilt into a stone bridge with three zigzags and three holes, with hopeful pillars on both sides. In 1979, Yong'an Bridge was fully repaired and reinforced. A wide stone bridge connects Qionghua Island and Tuancheng, with ancient stone lions and archways at both ends. It is the largest bridge in Beihai Park. It can be said that the combination of Yong'an Bridge and White Tower is the symbol of Beihai Park.
At the north end of Yong'an Bridge, there is another wooden archway similar to the Jicui Archway. The forehead of the archway is "clouds", and the two rows of buildings correspond to the north and south. Therefore, Yong'an Bridge is also called "Ji Cui Dui Yun" bridge.
A pair of stone lions are also placed on both sides of the north side of the archway. Unlike the stone lions of the Jicui Archway, they face north, that is, towards Yong'an Temple. Because the stone lions are very close to the gate of Yong'an Temple, many people think that the pair of stone lions are guarding Yong'an Temple, so there is an allegorical saying in old Beijing that "the lion of Yong'an Temple-the head is facing inward", which describes people who "drill their heads and ignore their butts", " selfishness". As for why the stone lion's head faces inward, it remains to be verified.
The north of the archway is facing the gate of Yong'an Temple. There are three copper ornaments on both sides of the mountain gate, which are very interesting.
The bronze crane is a symbol of longevity, auspiciousness and nobility.
Bronze Ao, with the head of a dragon and the body of a tortoise, is said to be the eldest of the sons of Kowloon, which represents rising steadily and winning the first place.
The most interesting is a copper censer with three cranes connected together, each crane lifts a leg and bends its neck to comb the feathers on its back. I have never seen this type of bronze sculpture. After careful consideration, its implication should be peace, friendship, serenity, "congratulations together" and "congratulations with the world".
Since it was still early, before the opening time of Yong'an Temple, we walked west first.
Not far away, there is a white marble bridge - a small jade belt bridge with three folds.
(Small jade belt bridge seen on the west bank)
On the west side of Qionghua Island, there is a small inner lake surrounded by rockery, and a three-fold jade belt bridge at the mouth of the lake forms a garden landscape composed of rockery, green brick houses, lotus lake, and jade belt bridge. The three-fold jade belt bridge was built in the seventeenth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. The special feature of this bridge is that the bridge body is a three-fold stone arch bridge, and the middle fold is a round arch bridge hole. The bridge is called Xiaoyudai Bridge.
Linguang Three Halls The main landscape of the west foot of Qionghua Island. The three halls are built on the mountain, rising layer by layer. The bottom is Linguang Hall, the middle is Ganlu Hall, and the top is Shuijingyu. On the shore, there are two archways without characters.
Continue to move forward, and when you reach the northwest corner of the island, the front construction is closed, and you will follow a small road on the north side of Linguang Hall. The view of the north shore is very seductive.
Look at the building of Linguang Temple from a high place, and savor the beauty of ancient Chinese architecture. Yellow, green and blue glazed tiles mosaic flowers on the top of the hall, dragons carved on the main ridge, big owls kissed in green glazed at both ends, green glazed beasts in vertical ridges, three sitting beasts, and a fairy riding a chicken in the front, exquisite workmanship, exquisite layout and exquisite colors. The beauty of ancient Chinese architecture is vividly expressed.
When we arrived at Xixiu Pavilion, it was very close to the White Pagoda, but we still had enough time and energy, so we went back the same way and continued to enter through the gate of Yong'an Temple.
At 8:10, buy a ticket, 10 yuan, enter Yong'an Temple, board the island, and see the White Pagoda.
Yong'an Temple was built on the south slope of Qionghua Island. In 1651 AD, a Tibetan-style white Lama pagoda was built on the foundation of the abandoned front hall in the Qing Dynasty, and a temple was built in front of the pagoda, named Baita Temple. After it was rebuilt in 1743, it was renamed Yong'an Temple.
The White Pagoda is the highest point of Yong'an Temple, facing south from north. Starting from the mountain gate, there are a series of buildings such as Falun Hall, Longguang Zizhao Pailou, Zhengjue Hall, Pu'an Hall, Shanyin Hall, and White Pagoda from low to high.
The main hall of the first courtyard at the entrance of the mountain gate - Fa Lun Hall, in which the statue of Sakyamuni Buddha is enshrined.
On both sides of the Falun Hall, there are bells and drum towers.
There is a very special bronze incense burner in the courtyard, with a human face engraved on the top of the foot. I don't know its origin.
Although the stone base is simple to carve, it also has a sense of age.
Climbing up the stairs, there is a wooden archway, with "Longguang" on the forehead, and the word "Longguang" reveals the supremacy and majesty of imperial power. The square forehead on the back is "Purple Photo", which is the reflection of purple energy, all of which are signs of auspiciousness.
The archway is exquisitely crafted, whether it is bucket arches, colored paintings, or flower panels, all are carved with dragons and pasted with gold, and are exquisitely crafted, showing the royal style.
Passing through the Longguang Archway, there is a pavilion on the east and west sides of the Longguang Archway on the north side of the Longguang Archway, and the "Yinsheng" Pavilion on the east side contains a stone tablet of Qianlong's "General Records of Baita Mountain".
On the west side of the "Dimai" pavilion, there is a stele of "The Four Sides of Baita Mountain" standing inside. "Yinsheng" and "Dimai" are written by Qianlong.
There are many Taihu stones stacked on the north side of the two pavilions and in many places on the island. These Taihu stones were picked in the Taihu area of the south of the Yangtze River when Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty built the Royal Forbidden Garden in Bianliang City. During the Jin Dynasty, Jin Shizong built the Daning Palace in Beihai, transported these stones here, and decorated them all over Qiongdao.
To the north of Yinsheng Pavilion stands a stone stele, with the word Kunlun engraved on the south side of the stele, which is the Beihai Kunlun stone stele.
It was erected in the seventh year of Qianlong's reign. The word "Kunlun" on the stele is an imperial book of Qianlong's. Three poems of Emperor Qianlong are engraved on the shadow and side of the stele. There is a square hole on the east and west sides of the base of the Kunlun stele, and in the stone hole grows a juniper tree about 80 years old, forming a strange landscape of trees and stones, which is called "coca on the stone".
The back of the Kunlun Stone faces a cave, the Langa Cave, which is made of Taihu Lake stones and contains stone Buddha statues.
Continuing upwards is the Zhengjue Hall, in which the future Buddha Maitreya and Wei Tuo are enshrined.
There are two pavilions "Yunyi" and "Yiyuan" on both sides of Zhengjue Hall.
Above the Zhengjue Hall is the Pu'an Hall, which houses the statue of Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. The two ends of the main ridge are kissed by big green glazed owls, and the two dragons playing with pearls in the middle are vivid.
On both sides of the main hall, there are east and west side halls, the east side hall "Shengguo hall", and the west side hall "Zongjing hall". There is a small door on the south side of the Zongjing Hall, leading to the Yuexin Hall on the west side.
A prayer wheel is placed on both sides of the front porch of the main hall, and the Kalachakra mantra pattern is engraved on it.
Pass the Pu'an Hall, and then go up the wooden ladder to the foot of the White Pagoda.
There is also a small square hall in front of the White Pagoda, the Shanyin Hall, which was built in the 16th year of Qianlong, a full hundred years later than the Yong'an Temple and the White Pagoda, which were built in the 8th year of Shunzhi.
The top of the hall is a double eaves above the circle and below, which symbolizes "a round sky and a round place". There are no doors or windows on the east, west, north, and north walls of the hall. The hall door opens to the south, and there are four bronze partition doors with very fine workmanship.
There are 455 sitting statues of green Tara with white canopy inlaid on the outer wall of Shanyin Hall. Inside the hall is enshrined a bronze gilt statue of King Kong, the patron saint of Beijing (the original image was destroyed in the Cultural Revolution, and this image was copied as it was in the 1990s ), there is an exquisite thangka cast iron caisson above the statue, which is the original made in the Qianlong Dynasty and is one of the most precious cultural relics in Beihai.
The Shanyin Temple is exquisitely built, with decals, sparrows, set beasts, owl kisses, end beasts, and spine beasts, all of which are exquisite, and the whole is like a work of art.
Come to the foot of the White Tower. I remember that when I was young, the White Pagoda could be accessed casually, but now tickets are sold together with Yong'an Temple, and it is not allowed to enter the stone fence.
The White Pagoda is the symbol of Beihai Park. It was built in the eighth year of Shunzhi in the early Qing Dynasty. It is a Tibetan Lama Pagoda, also known as the Bowl Pagoda. It is a typical pagoda of Tibetan Buddhism. At first, the place where the White Pagoda was located was a hill, which was the former site of Guanghan Hall on Qionghua Island of Jindaning Palace. In the eighth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, according to the suggestion of the Tibetan lama Anmu Khan, the pagoda and temple were built.
The White Pagoda has undergone many repairs since its completion. In the eighteenth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, an earthquake occurred in Beijing, and the White Pagoda was destroyed by the earthquake. It was rebuilt two years later, and a monument was erected on the southeast mountainside of Qionghua Island after the reconstruction was completed.
In the eighth year of Yongzheng, the Beijing earthquake damaged the White Pagoda again, and in the tenth year of Yongzheng, it was rebuilt.
In 1976, the Tangshan earthquake affected Beijing, the top of the pagoda was damaged, and the vase fell westward in the sky. During the repair, it was found that there was a two-inch square gold lacquer box hidden in the main heart wood of the pagoda. The cover of the box was painted with a picture of Taiji, and there were two relics hidden in the box.
The body of the White Pagoda is a mixed structure of brick, wood and stone, and consists of five parts: the tower base, the tower body, the phase wheel, the canopy and the tower brake. The body of the pagoda is in the shape of a covered bowl, so only bricks and stones can be seen from the surface of the pagoda, and no wooden frame can be seen. brake.
There are 306 square blue brick openwork ventilation holes throughout the tower body, which are used for ventilation of the tower wood frame. There is a standing tree inside the pagoda, which is the main core of the white pagoda, made of cypress wood, which goes straight from the base of the pagoda to the top of the brake.
Just south of the middle of the pagoda is the "Kalachakra Gate", which is decorated with passionflowers around the gate, and in the middle is the "Kalachakra Mantra" in gold letters on a wooden red background. .
The ten-phase free figure is a symbol of great mysterious power in the Kalachakra sect of Tibetan Buddhism. It is composed of 7 Sanskrit letters plus 10 symbols including the sun, moon and circle. This group of characters and pictures was written by Zhang Jia, a famous leader of Tibetan Buddhism in the Qing Dynasty.
The tower is surrounded by white marble railings. The stone fence feels like it was made later, I didn’t remember it when I was a child, it seems that the White Tower could be reached out and touched at that time.
The top is a two-layer copper-cast gold-plated canopy, the lower layer is the site, and the upper layer is the sky plate. There are 16 copper wind chimes hanging under the site. The copper bells are in the shape of a hexagon, and there are six-character mottos cast on the outside. There are eight patterns of embossed wheels, snails, umbrellas, covers, flowers, vases, fish and knots cast on the sky plate, all of which have auspicious meanings. There is a hemispherical dome in the middle of the sky plate, with a rectangular base on the upper end of the dome. On the rectangular base, there is a gold-plated flame orb tower brake, including a cast copper half-moon and a sun, and the sun rises under the moon. On the sun is an upside-down lotus Xumizuo, holding a huge peach heart, surrounded by raging flames, symbolizing that Buddhism shines like the sun and the moon, shining forever on the earth.
There are two ancient cannons placed under the White Tower, which are not used for war. It turned out that in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the emperor was afraid that someone would rebel, and once he broke into Beijing or even the Forbidden City, someone had to report it. Someone came up with an idea: fire a cannon. Therefore, five cannons were placed at the highest point of Qionghua Island in Beihai, which is located in the city center, and don’t scare the emperor too much, which is equivalent to the beacon tower in ancient times.
The White Pagoda is the highest point of Qionghua Island. Overlooking from the height, the water is clear and the forest is green, and the palaces and pavilions form an interesting contrast.
From the White Pagoda, you can reach the seaside buildings on the north side of Qionghua Island. Due to construction, the north side of the island is completely closed, and you can only go down the mountain to the east.
Banyue City is located at the foot of Donglu Mountain in Qiongdao, facing Zhishan Bridge in the west and east, and was built in the 16th year of Qianlong. The Zhizhu Hall is built on the platform of Banyue City, with red walls and green tiles, majestic and magnificent. There are five archways facing each other on all sides, with a symmetrical central axis and a unique layout.
The two archways in the northwest and southwest of Zhizhu Hall are symmetrically distributed. The archways have the same format and specifications, and there are no plaques.
On the platform in front of Zhizhu Hall, you can see the Chinese statue from a distance, and the palaces and pavilions in Jingshan are clearly identifiable.
Going down from the north side of Zhizhu Hall, you can see the Qiongdao Chunyin Monument after passing the Spring Pavilion.
Qiongdao is gorgeous, especially in spring. When spring comes, the White Pagoda, Shanmen, Shipaifang, Zhizhu Hall, Jianchun Pavilion and other buildings and scenery are integrated together to form "Qiongdao Chunyin", one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing.
The "Qingdao Chunyin" stele inscribed by Qianlong himself is in the northeast corner of Qionghua Island. The stele is square, and the body of the stele is engraved with twig decorations. On the back, there are imperial poems written by Emperor Qianlong. There are exquisitely carved white marble guardrails around the stele base.
The carvings on the stone stele are quite exquisite. Besides the beautiful patterns around Xumizuo, there are also a group of statues of gods carved, all of them are full of spirit and vivid.
The top of the stele is a square head with four corners and sharp tops, and a dragon is carved on each of the four ridges, which is an absolute fine stone carving.
Qiongdao Chunyin Monument goes down to the right, and you come to the head of Zhishan Bridge, facing the archway of Zhizhu Hall - Zhizhu Archway. Just now, there are five archways around Zhizhu Hall, and this is the largest one.
Zhizhu Archway, also known as Zhishan Bridge Archway, is a four-column, three-room, three-storey building with golden glazed eaves and a wooden archway without a forehead. It is located at the head of Zhishan Bridge and has a fascinating effect.
There is a big owl kissing on the main ridge, a beast on the vertical ridge, three sitting beasts, a fairy riding a chicken,
The Zhizhu archway was built together with the Banyue City in the 16th year of Qianlong. It uses a net-like "cloud head Ruyi bucket arch". Under the bucket arch, there is a row of hanging flowers on the outside of the flower board, which looks very gorgeous. At present, there are very few archways with this kind of multi-layer "Yuntou Ruyi Dougong", which can only be seen in Yunju Temple and Lama Temple in Beijing.
The wooden archways in the Ming and Qing Dynasties all have closing poles, and there are relatively few existing wooden archways with closing poles, and even rarer archways with divine beasts at the same time.
The Zhizhu archway sits west and faces east. There are two closing poles on the west side and four on the east side. There is a stone-carved animal under each pole, a total of six. It adopts the "solid carving" carving method, and its appearance is very lifelike.
Under the two poles on the west side are Jiaolongs; the two outermost ones on the east side are stone lions, and the ones on the inside are two unicorns.
Cross the Zhishan Bridge, walk along the east bank, and exit the north gate. The first day of tour is over.
(Finish)
