Egyptian Pyramids,

Colosseum,

Angkor Wat, Cambodia,

There are many wonders of the world,

The Great Wall of China ranks first.

Gardeners,

The Old Summer Palace is known as the Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens....

1. The Beginning of Gardens - Tsinghua Garden

The beautiful peaks in the western suburbs of Beijing are stretching, the terrain is diverse,

The water flows freely, and the springs and lakes are densely distributed.

The Yuquan landscape flows into Kunming Lake from west to east along the mountain.

Become the largest water surface in the western suburbs.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Li Wei, the Marquis of Wuqing, made a large-scale construction project here.

Built on a grand scale,

Tsinghua Garden, known as the first garden in Beijing

(The former site is outside the west wall of Peking University, not Tsinghua Garden today).

After Li Wei's death, his descendants inherited the garden.

After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the gardens were destroyed, but they remained on a large scale.

The Xigou Bridge on the north side is a very representative relic of the Ming Dynasty.

It is located in the west gate of Peking University.

Peking University Weiming Lake


2 Royal Garden - Changchun Garden

After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, they could not adapt to the sultry summer climate in Beijing.

After a fire broke out in the Forbidden City, high palace walls were built.

The courtyard of the palace is set,

The water flowed smoothly like stagnant water, lifeless.

In the early years of Kangxi, based on the former site of Tsinghua Garden,

The Changchun Garden (now in the west of Peking University) was built,

After that, Yongzheng and Qianlong took this as the basis

The Old Summer Palace and Qingyi Garden (Guangxu's Summer Palace) were built.

Summer Palace Complex


3. The Emperor’s Imperial Garden——The Five Yuanming Gardens

During the Kangxi period, the Old Summer Palace was gifted by Si Age (Yongzheng).

The scope is roughly in the area of ​​​​the later Jiuzhou, and the waterscape wins.

After Yongzheng ascended the throne, the Old Summer Palace was elevated to the imperial garden.

The area has expanded to more than 3,000 mu, which is five times that of the Giyuan period.

It is also more than three times that of Kangxi Changchun Garden.

In the third year of Yongzheng, the Imperial Gate of Yuanmingyuan was in charge of government, replacing Changchun Garden.

It became the highest-level imperial garden in the Qing Dynasty.

And it has been used by successive emperors since then.

During the Qianlong period, the surrounding Yuanqinguiyuan Garden was used for renovation.

Achieve 1+4 garden pattern,

That is, the main garden of Yuanmingyuan + Changchun Garden (now the Western Building area),

Yichun Garden (now where Tsinghua University is located),

Xichun Garden (formed by integrating the small gardens among the first three gardens),

There are four attached gardens of Chunxi Courtyard, with a total area of ​​more than 6,000 mu.

Jiaqing and Daoguang successively distributed Chunxi Yuan and Xichun Garden,

Today's Yuanming Three Gardens were formed.

Inside the restored Qichun Garden

The black swan next to the ruins of the Western Building


4. Xichun Garden - Tsinghua University

During Daoguang period, Xichun Garden was divided into two,

The East Garden is named Xichun, and the West Garden is named Jinchun.

During the Xianfeng period, Xichun Garden was renamed Tsinghua Garden.

When the British and French allied forces burned three mountains and five gardens in 1860,

Jinchun Garden and Tsinghua Garden survived.

During the reign of Tongzhi, more than 200 palace corridors in Jinchun Garden were demolished.

The wood was used to rebuild the Old Summer Palace.

In 1911, the Academic Affairs Office of Youmei moved to Tsinghua Garden,

Named Tsinghua Academy.

In 1913, Tsinghua Academy merged Jinchun Garden and other places,

Continuously expanding to form today's Tsinghua University.

Tsinghua University Tsinghua Garden Archway


5. Burning the Old Summer Palace—a cultural disaster

In 1860, the Old Summer Palace was looted and burned by the British and French allied forces.

Leave behind the history of cultural disasters of burning the Old Summer Palace.

The Tongzhi and Guangxu dynasties tried to rebuild it, but failed to complete it.

After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, no one took care of it.

The warlords took away a large number of Taihu stones and stone components from the garden,

For example, the Huabiao and lions seen in Peking University today,

The Wenyuan Pavilion Stele of the National Library, etc.

Western Building Ruins


During the period of the Republic of China, the pillars and piles of the wooden bridge were dismantled and sawn.

Large and small trees have been felled indiscriminately.

So far, the Old Summer Palace has been devastated and reduced to ruins.

It was designated as a heritage park in 1983.

After a series of protection, renovation and reconstruction,

That is the Yuanmingyuan in front of you.

The Old Summer Palace and the Parthenon Temple in Greece, the Egyptian Pyramids,

The Colosseum is equally famous.

It is the only official imperial garden in the official documents of the Qing Dynasty.

It is also the imperial garden with the longest history, the largest scale and the highest level.

Five emperors Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng

The time spent here far exceeds the time spent in the Forbidden City.

sunset evening photo


6. The Beginning of the Great Wall - Pre-Qin Great Wall

The history of building the Great Wall can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty.

In order to defend against the attacks of northern nomads in the Zhou Dynasty,

Build a series of castles - Leh, for defense.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the nations competed for hegemony,

Each erected fortifications on the frontier,

It was called the Great Wall for the first time.

In order to distinguish it from the Great Wall built by Qin Shihuang,

Historians call it the Pre-Qin Great Wall.

Since Qin Shihuang, the rulers of the Central Plains Dynasty have all built,

The total length of the buildings built by each dynasty is more than 100,000 li.

The buildings in the Qin, Han and Ming periods are the most important.

Jiankou Great Wall Vision

View from Zhengbei Building


7. Qin and Han Dynasties - the Great Wall

In the early days of the Qin Great Wall, it was mainly for maintenance,

Connecting Qin Zhaoyan and other Warring States Great Walls,

It was completed jointly by Meng Tian and the army and civilians along the route.

Later built in the west starting from Lintao (now Shanni County, Gansu),

East to Liaodong (now Liaoning Province),

The Great Wall, which is about 10,000 miles long, was originally called the Great Wall.

employing nearly a million laborers,

Accounted for one-twentieth of the total population of the country at that time.

After Han Wudi ascended the throne, he expelled the Xiongnu to Mobei,

The Qin Great Wall built by Meng Tian was restored, and the new building started from the north bank of Heilongjiang in the east,

The Great Wall with a total length of more than 10,000 kilometers in the west to Central Asia.

It is the dynasty that built the largest number of Great Walls in Chinese history.

Mutianyu Great Wall


8. Ming Dynasty - Great Wall Inside and Outside

The Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty is divided into two sections, inside and outside.

The Outer Great Wall starts from the Yalu River in the east and reaches Jiayuguan in the west.

The total length is more than ten thousand miles.

The Inner Great Wall starts from Laoyingbao in Shanxi in the west and ends at Juyongguan in Beijing in the east.

About two thousand eight hundred miles.

The east ends of the inner and outer roads meet near Mutianyu, Huairou, Beijing.

To the north is the Outer Great Wall, passing through Yanqing into Hebei,

Along the northwest to Zhangjiakou, passing through Datong, Shanxi,

To Piantouguan, and finally to Jiayuguan.

To the west is the Inner Great Wall, passing Juyongguan (Badaling),

Leaving Beijing from Lingshan and entering Zhuolu, Hebei,

Then go to Shanxi Yanmen Pass, Ningwu Pass and Piantou Pass,

It meets the Outer Great Wall on Baiyang Ridge in the east of Piantou Pass.

In the east, there are Daomaguan, Zijingguan and Juyongguan, which are called Nei Sanguan.

In the west are Piantou Pass, Ningwu Pass and Yanmen Pass, known as the Three Outer Passes.

Jiankou Great Wall Zhengbei Building

Mutianyu Great Wall Stairs


9. Jiankou Great Wall — Majestic and Precipitous

Jiankou Great Wall is located in Huairou, Beijing.

The entire section of the Great Wall is in the shape of a W, like a bow full of arrows.

It is the most precipitous and majestic section in Beijing.

The natural weathering is serious and remains in its original state.

The arrow button is an undeveloped area, and climbing is prohibited in principle.

But there are always more ways than difficulties,

There are always experienced outdoor players to explore the way first.

Take the first Huairou bus from Dongzhimen at 6 am,

Get off at Huairou North Street and transfer to the bus to Mutianyu.

Tianxianyu started a day of hiking and climbing after getting off the car.

Tianxianyu Village


If the sky is clear,

Since entering the village, it has been as beautiful as a peach garden.

Walk about 1.5 kilometers to reach the rainbow trout farm,

It is the entrance to the mountain.

After the designated entrance was blocked several times,

Together with Sister Feng, I explored a new path with courage and wisdom,

There is no memory of the scenery on the way, but the almost upright cliff,

Going up with bare hands really added a lot of drama to myself.

freehand climbing


The place to climb to the top happens to be the Zhen (Zheng) North Building.

The highest point of Jiankou Great Wall.

Climb to the top of the building, there are no dead ends in all directions,

With just one glance, he has surrendered!

Built along the dragon spine of the mountain range, winding and circling until the end of sight,

Then thinking that it has been extended to the desert and the North Sea in this way,

What a magnificent and vast project, what a great wisdom of the ancestors.

Jiankou Great Wall Broken Wall


Walk along the city wall, full of ruined ruins,

Every brick is telling its past and extraordinary,

With the sun and moon shining on its splendid history,

The unity and prosperity of the Central Plains dynasty,

The Great Wall can be described as the greatest contribution.

Our admiration for it should be hidden in our hearts.

Ruined Jiankou Great Wall


In 2012, it was recognized by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage,

The total length of the Great Wall of China is 21196.18 kilometers.

Including the wall of the Great Wall, moats, single buildings, and Guanbao

There are 43,721 Great Wall heritage sites and related facilities.


10. Other related - Tips

1. If time and conditions permit, Tsinghua University and Peking University must go. The temperament of China's first university cannot be experienced in person.

2. Tickets for the Old Summer Palace are 20 yuan, excluding the Western Building.

3. You must take the first bus to climb the Great Wall, otherwise it will affect the transfer delay time, and the entrance at the foot of the mountain will be guarded at 9:00 and cannot enter in time.

4. Arrow buttons are very difficult, and you must have a correct assessment of your outdoor sports endurance.

5. The starting point of the northern end of the Grand Canal is located in Tongzhou District. There are no relics to be found, but if you have an obsession with the canal culture, it is good to see it. A large cultural park has been newly built.

The northern end of the Tongzhou Grand Canal


There are no strangers in the rivers and lakes, but they have never met each other.

Thanks to each of you for being lovely and taking the time to read.

One wine, one Jianghu, one person, one life.

If I happen to meet you, unfortunately, I am waiting for you.


Life|Travel|Gourmet|City|Hanfu

Traveling thousands of rivers and mountains, here is Chongqing