"National Treasure" premiered on December 3, 2017. In the first episode of the program, after the "China's No. 1 Antiquity" stone drum "guarded" by Leung Ka Fai appeared on the stage, many viewers expressed their deep impression. What kind of secret is hidden in this unremarkable artifact?
The stone drum selected into CCTV's large-scale cultural exploration program "National Treasure" is now in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing. There are ten pieces in total, each stone drum is about 90 centimeters high, about 60 centimeters in diameter, and each weighs about one ton. The garden has a flat top and a flat bottom. Because its shape resembles a drum, it is commonly known as "Stone Drum".
In the early Tang Dynasty (627), stone drums were discovered in Nanyuan at the junction of Baoji and Fengxiang counties. Nanyuan was the ancient capital of Qin State. During Tang Xianzong's time, the stone drum was stored in Fengxiang Confucian Temple, but it was lost after the chaos of the Five Dynasties. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Sima Chi (the father of Sima Guang), the prefect of Fengxiang County, recovered nine pieces among the people. In the fourth year of Song Huangyou (1052), Xiang Chuanshi retrieved the lost sixth drum, but the drum had been chiseled into a rice mortar by the people. During the Daguan period of the Song Dynasty (1107-1110), the stone drum was moved from Fengxiang to Bianjing (now Kaifeng). After the Jin soldiers broke through Bianjing, they transported the stone drums to Yanjing (now Beijing). Since then, the stone drums of the Ming and Qing dynasties have remained unchanged. During the Anti-Japanese War, Shigu was forced to move to the Wu Temple outside the west gate of Emei County, Sichuan. After liberation, the stone drum was transported back to Beijing and stored in the Palace Museum. The birth of these 10 stone drums has been quite dramatic, with ups and downs and endless aftertaste (detailed introductions are available on the Internet and related books, so I won’t repeat them here).
On March 26, 2019, I was fortunate enough to see these ten famous but incomprehensible stone drums at the Palace Museum. The brief introduction of these stone drums is excerpted as follows:
1. "Zhayuan" stone: This article describes the way of repairing governance. "Original" means "Sanyuanyuan", also known as "Nanyuan" and "Shiguyuan". Under the leadership of the officials, the disciples came to repair the roads and plant various trees. There are time limits for tree planting and road governance, which are two days and five days respectively.
("Zhayuan" stone)▲
("Zhayuan" stone rubbings) ▲
2. "Ershi" Stone: This article recounts the grand scene of Qin Xiangong welcoming the arrival of Zhou Tianzi's envoy. There are so many omissions in the words that it is difficult to read through. "Heir King" is King Zhou Lie. At the beginning of Lie Wang's establishment, the Taishi saw Qin Xiangong, so Qin Xiangong went out to welcome him. "I" Xiangong proclaims himself.
("Ershi" stone)▲
("The Teacher" Shi Tuoben)▲
3. "Majian" stone: The writing on this stone is the most severely damaged, and there is no word left today. Referring to the Motuo rare book of the Northern Song Dynasty, we can see the word "Tianhong", which shows that there was abundant rainfall in Qin Dynasty at that time, rainbows were common in the sky, the climate was warm and moist, and the vegetation was flourishing. Although there are only two sentences "Jijimajian, Jijimajian", it can be read, which already shows the good animal husbandry environment in Qindi.
("Majian" stone)▲
("Ma Jian" stone rubbings) ▲
4. "My water" stone: This article tells that our water is very clear, our roads have been smoothed out, and our trees have been planted. On the day of Bingshen, Qin Xiangong and Zhou Tianzi's envoys were preparing to travel together.
("My Water" stone)▲
("My Water" Shi Ruoben)▲
5. "Wu Ren" Stone: This article narrates that Qin Xiangong's team first reached Wuyang, and under the auspices of Taizhu, Qin Gong made sacrifices to Wu Yue. In Wuyue's deer enclosure, many male and female deer run and play.
("Wu people" stone)▲
("Wu People" Shi Ruoben)▲
6. Stone of "霝雨": This article is a description of encountering rain, wading, and sailing on the way back from hunting. The (gui) in the first sentence of the poem should be the name of the day, and it has been seven days since Bingshen traveled the next day. After the rain, the water rises, and in some places you can ride a horse across it, while in some places you need to take a boat.
("霝雨" stone)▲
(Stone rubbings of "霝雨")▲
7. "Luanche" stone: This stone has five chapters of poems. The first word, the Luan chariot, indicates the chariot that Renjun takes, showing the scene when the hunting activity is about to end. Around the temporarily stationed luan chariot, there are close attendants who are ordered to play, and there are brave and skilled guards, and the station is as safe as a barrier. At the end of the poem, he said in Qin Xiangong's tone, I have gained a lot from this hunting.
("Luanche" stone)▲
("Luanche" stone rubbings) ▲
8. "Tianche" stone: This stone describes hunting in the wilderness, which is also the climax of the whole hunting activity. The prey is not only "deer deer", but also "elk" and "pheasant rabbit". And all the common people also participated in the hunting at this time.
("Tianche" stone)▲
("Tian Che" stone rubbings) ▲
9. "Qian" stone: This stone praises the beauty of Qianyuan and the joy of swimming fish. The four chapters of the poem all talk about fish farming and fishing. The poem praises the superior water conservancy and rich aquatic products in Qin. There are many big fish such as scorpion, carp, carp and silver carp, which should be shipped in willow and wicker baskets.
("汧殹" stone)▲
("汧殹" stone rubbings)▲
10. "My Car" Stone: This article describes the beginning of the safari. In the fifth chapter of the poem, the first one talks about the prosperity of chariots and horses, the second one talks about the harmony of officials and ministers, the third one talks about excellent bows and arrows, the fourth one talks about the scenery seen during hunting, and the fifth chapter talks about the harvest of hunting. It is a leisurely hunting poem. The poem highlights the neatness of the chariots and horses, implying the stability of the country and the strong soldiers and horses.
("My car" stone) ▲
("My Car" Shi Tuoben)▲
Shiguwen is a four-character poem, which is the oldest stone inscription in my country. It is also called "Hunting Jie" because it records the hunting activities of Emperor Qin. The study of Shigu Wen also started in ancient times, and there are different opinions. There are three main arguments:
1. Zhuzhou theory ("Zhu Zhou theory" began in the early Tang Dynasty, including various views such as Wenwang theory, Chengwang theory, Xuanwang theory, etc. of the Western Zhou Dynasty).
2. Zhu Qin theory ("Zhu Qin theory" has about a dozen different opinions and opinions, mainly Qin Xianggong, Qin Wengong, Qin Degong, Qin Mugong, Qin Xiangong, Qin Huiwenwang, etc.).
3. The theory of the main Han, Northern Wei and Yuwen Zhou.
These statements are not important to ordinary people, let professionals study them. It is important to remember that this is the five thousand years of Chinese civilization, the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancients.
The large seal inscriptions engraved on stone drums are more valuable for research, and have a great influence on calligraphy and painting art of later generations. Integrate into your own painting art.
