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Earth Sculptures of the Hani People, Yuanyang Hani Terraced Fields
Yuanyang Terraced Fields is the largest terraced field in the world. It was "carved" by dozens of Hani people on the barren mountains and ridges with blood and sweat over the past 1300 years.
Yuanyang, Yunnan is located in the southern section of the Ailao Mountains at low latitude and high altitude, on the south bank of the Red River. There are high mountains and high peaks in the territory, and the mountains are continuous, without a flat river. There are seven ethnic groups living here: Hani, Yi, Han, Dai, Miao, Yao and Zhuang.
The lowest point of Yuanyang is 144 meters above sea level, and the highest is 2,940 meters above sea level; the old county seat is located in Xinjie (town) at an altitude of more than 1,400 meters in the middle of the mountainous area. The climate here is mild, the sun is warm, the precipitation is abundant, and it is suitable for living.
The height difference between the old county town and the new street is staggering. In heavy rain, the streets become waterfalls. Harney elements are also used in street lamps.
The geological structure of Ailao Mountain is very characteristic. The surface layer is the sticky layer, the middle is the sars layer, and the bottom is the rock layer. This structure is easy to form a "sand pocket", which traps water and is not easy to leak. It is dozens of generations of Hani people who have been "carving" this land endlessly, opening up fields continuously, soaked by water for many years, and finally forming the most beautiful scenery of terraced fields.
The 190,000 mu of terraced fields have a slope between 15 degrees and 75 degrees. If the slope is large, large fields will be cultivated, and if the slope is small, small fields will be cultivated. Those who are only as big as a dustpan often have tens of thousands of acres on one slope. The highest number of terraces is more than 3000.
The Hani Terraces are rice paddy fields. Above every village, there must be dense forests, which provide sources of water, materials, and fuel charcoal. The water source forest is an important water source for the Hani Terraces, and provides a lot of humus for terrace agriculture. Plants are used as nutrients for natural fertilization. As high as the mountain is, so is the water. Every plant and tree in the forest is protected by all the villagers, which objectively and effectively protects the water source forest and ensures the blood and water source for the sustainable development of Hani Terraces.
When the Hani people look for land to open fields, they look for fertile sloping land that retains water all year round. After forming a platform, they first plant dry land for three years. Digging ditches to solve terraced water use.
The Hani people have invented a strict and effective water system, which is carefully managed from ditch digging, labor investment, ditch ownership, water distribution, ditch management and maintenance, etc. For example, water source management invented "water woodcut". This is a crossbar with different scales set according to the rights and interests of each family. It is placed at the water inlet of each field, and the water used by each household is adjusted with the flow of ditch water. Such a fair, reasonable and scientific management ensures that Each terrace can get sufficient water supply.
Insert wooden boards in the stone groove to block water, which can play the role of water diversion.
Most of the people who come to Yuanyang Terraced Fields come to travel and take pictures, not to inspect. The main viewing spots are Qingkou, Bada, Duoyishu and Laohuzui. You can visit them one by one by buying a pass. There is no shuttle bus between the viewing spots. I relied on the local driver to take me to see them one by one.
Early in the morning, I rushed to Duoyishu from Xinjie (town), the old county seat of Yuanyang, to watch the sunrise. There is a viewing platform here, I am not a photographer, I can't take good light and shadow.
After watching the sunrise, I ate red rice noodles in the village. Red rice is a specialty of Yuanyang terraced fields.
The Qingkou terraced fields are next to the road, and you can take pictures at any time of the day, preferably when there is fog. Of course, the photographer will choose a better angle and time for the best light and shadow.
The Bada terraced fields have a continuous area of more than 14,000 mu of terraced fields. The large area of terraced fields in winter and spring reflect light and reflect light, which is the best season for shooting. In summer, you can only look at it from a high place, and the terraced fields are in the clouds and mist.
There are nearly 6,000 acres of terraced fields in Laohuzui Scenic Area, which is a must-see for watching the sunset. Floods during the monsoon in August destroyed some of the terraced fields. This season is indeed not the best season to watch terraced fields. The green rice in the paddy field and the surrounding vegetation mix the colors together, and the water in the paddy field is blocked by the rice, and there is no reflection effect on the water surface. I'm not a photographer, so I can't take any good pictures. However, it is worthwhile to come to the Yuanyang terraced fields with a history of thousands of years.
Although new houses have been built, the villagers here still maintain their farming lifestyle.
At noon, we had lunch at Hani Farm Restaurant. The specialty is the deep-fried grasshopper, see if you dare to eat it.