In June 1999 of the last century, the large-scale TV series "Chinese National Sports" has entered its second year since it was launched. From June 15th to 27th of this year, the reporter went deep into the ethnic minority villages in Guizhou with the film crew, and successively photographed many ethnic minorities such as Buyi, Miao, Dong, Tujia, Shui, and Gelao. Among them, the Buyi people are the only ones who went to three Buyi villages in four places to shoot.
The film crew first went into the Wudang Buyi village in Guiyang to shoot the dragon dance; then, they filmed the "Jiu Ling Dance" performed by the Huaxi Art Team in Huaxi Park, Guiyang; after that, they went to Huashi Whistle and Biandan Mountain near Huangguoshu Waterfall in Anshun In the village of the Buyi people in the township, they filmed the sports and dance projects of the Buyi people with strong ethnic flavors such as "Singing Pole Dance", "Bagua Bagua Dance", "Shuba Dance" and "Suona Bronze Drum Dance" for two consecutive days.
The Buyi people mainly live in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and Anshun area in Guizhou Province, China. It is generally believed that the Buyi nationality is a branch of Baiyue in ancient China, and its ancestors have the same origin as the Zhuang nationality. The word "Buyi" is the transliteration of this nation.
"Bu" means a person, and "Yi" is a proper name for a clan name. In the past, the Bouyei people were generally called "Zhongjia" in various places. In 1953, the central government of the People's Republic of China officially unified the name of the ethnic group as "Boyei" according to the wishes of the Buyi people. The area where the Buyi people live has beautiful scenery, rich natural resources, and many places of interest. The famous Huangguoshu Waterfall, Huaxi, Zhenyuan Cultural City and other places are like bright pearls on the Guizhou Plateau, which are fascinating.
The Buyi people have a long history and splendid culture. During thousands of years of working life, the Buyi people have created many traditional sports and cultural events with national characteristics. There are moving legends about the origin of some folk dances. On June 15, the reporter followed the film crew into Luoli Buyi Village, Yongle Township, Wudang District, Guiyang. The first Buyi project "Dragon Dance" was filmed, which is an ancient and simple national sport. The village's "Dragon Dance" has a history of hundreds of years. It originated in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and has been passed down from generation to generation, with excellent dragon art.
Following the ancient teachings, during the Spring Festival every year, the villagers of the Luoli Buyi nationality entertain themselves with dragon dances, hoping that the population of the village will be prosperous and the grain will be plentiful in the coming year. The village dance of the Luoli Buyi nationality is a 50-meter-long blue dragon. The dragon head woven from green strips is mighty and handsome, and the blue dragon clothes are embellished with golden scales.
The musical instruments of the Buyi dragon dance include gongs and drums, suona, trombone, bronze drum, etc. The playing of various musical instruments vividly depicts various movements and postures of the dragon with musical language.
Whenever the dragon dance is performed, the villagers of the Buyi nationality in the whole village rush to the performance site to applaud the superb performance of their dragon dance team.
The Buyi people are a hospitable people. Whenever a guest comes, they will go to Zhaikou and sing a toast song warmly to offer a glass of rice wine to the guest from afar.
The scenery of the Buyi village is beautiful, and the Buyi people live among the green mountains and green waters. Young men and women of the Buyi nationality often perform beautiful dances on the lawn of the village. On June 16, the film crew came to Huaxi Park, and the Bouyei youths of Guiyang Huaxi Art Work Team performed a wonderful "Jiu Ling Dance".
Wine is the salt in dishes and the poetry in life. Wine is the spirit of festive joy. In the villages of the Buyi people, good mash is brewed all year round, and the fragrance of wine is wafting in spring, summer, autumn and winter. As long as there are guests, there will be wine, as long as there is wine, there will be songs, and as long as there are wine and songs, there will be laughter and friendship. The host is unrestrained and good at drinking, and the guests kept toasting.
The mellowness of fine wine is certainly intoxicating, but the wine rules and rituals that reveal the simplicity and warmth of the countryside are even more fascinating. The wine is not strong, but the emotion is strong. After three cups and two cups, even those who drink like a sea will definitely be drunk! The "Jiu Ling Dance" of the Buyi nationality shows people this unique and interesting picture of the life of the Buyi nationality through graceful dance. If "Jiu Ling Dance" expresses the hospitality of the Buyi people with artistic dance vocabulary, then the enthusiasm of the Buyi people in real life is even greater than that. If you have the opportunity to visit the Buyi family, you will be deeply touched.
The crew is at Huangguoshu Waterfall
Usually when you are a guest at a Buyi family, no matter you are an acquaintance or a stranger, the host's men, women and children will greet you warmly. Then the host will warmly pour tea to the guests to offer cigarettes, and then ask the family to cook sweet wine and water to quench the guests' thirst. After the sweet wine and cakes are served, the host and the guests first use chopsticks to pick up 3 drops of wine in the bowl and sprinkle them out, which means that three lives are lucky and there is more than enough every year. Afterwards, the host respects you with a piece of meat from the pot. When offering meat, some even sing folk songs to persuade you to eat it. When you finish eating the meat, the host will ask the family to add more wine and water for you, and then put a large piece of fat meat in your bowl to express the whole family's heart.
Huangguoshu Waterfall Scenic Area is called "Waterfall Township" because there are many ethnic minority villages such as Buyi, Miao, and Gelao. In the Buyi village of Huashishao in Pu Township, every Buyi festival such as "March 3rd", "April 8th" and "June 6th", the Buyi villagers will perform "Singing Pole Dance".
The origin of "Pole Dance" tells such a story. According to legend, the Buyi people worked hard all day long in the past, but due to the lack of arable land in each family, the grain harvested in a year was not much, and the grain harvested was eaten by mice. In this way, on the last day of each year and the second year's shift, every household of the Buyi villagers in the village will use a bamboo pole to beat vigorously around the house under the eaves or upstairs and downstairs to drive them away. Rats, let them eat the food of the official rich man. Over time, "Pole Dance" finally took shape and came out.
During the performance of the pole dance, young men and women of the Buyi nationality hold pole poles to repel mice, which is expressed through artistic dance vocabulary. The pole dance is not only a kind of folk dance, but also a kind of cultural and sports activity for fitness. Therefore, it is deeply loved by the villagers of the Buyi nationality in Waterfall Township. As one of the rice farming ethnic groups, the Buyi people cannot do without fields and water, especially in the Buyi village in Huashishao Township. They have created many lively cultural and sports projects in their long-term cultivation. "Eight Diagrams Bamboo Pole Dance" is one of them.
"Bagua Bagua Dance" is one of the traditional dances handed down by the ancestors of the Buyi nationality. The use of the Eight Diagrams and the Book of Changes occupies an important position among the Buyi people. According to legend, in ancient times, there was a severe drought in the fields of a Buyi village located on a high mountain, threatening the lives of the people in the village. At this time, the headman of the village climbed to the sky from a big tree built into the sky. After going up to the sky, he found that Lei Gong was still sleeping with his head covered. It’s almost dead, you’re still sleeping in the sky, hurry up and rain!” After hearing this, Lei Gong poured three drops of water into the ground. Seeing Lei Gong being so stingy, the headman took three bowls of water from a large bowl and poured them on the ground. Unexpectedly, this caused another flood to flood the fields, and the village was also besieged by the flood, and the villagers in the entire village were in danger of their lives. Lei Gong angrily said to the head man: "Look at the ground, your three bowls of water have been ruined." The head man was dumbfounded when he saw it, so he had to ask Lei Gong for help. Disaster relief. After the headman went down to the ground, he used a bamboo pole to insert many holes in each family's farmland according to the eight trigrams pattern, and soon the water drained away along the holes. Inspired by the Bagua Water Cave, and also to commemorate the disaster relief leader, the Buyi people created the "Bagua Bamboo Pole Dance". The "Bagua Bagua Pole Dance" in Huashishao Buyi village in Puxiang has a wide influence among Buyi people, and the "Suona Bronze Drum Dance" in Biandan Mountain Buyi Village upstream of Huangguoshu Waterfall is also very famous. These traditional national cultural and sports items are the precious wealth of the Buyi people.
The majestic Huangguoshu Waterfall is 60 meters high and 20 meters wide, with a maximum flow of 2,000 cubic meters per second in summer. The water of the Dabang River forms a waterfall and then pours vertically into the rhinoceros pool. The cliffs are covered with snow, the water smoke is floating, and the mist is rising. Xu Xiake, a geographer in the Ming Dynasty, praised in "Travel Notes": "Pounding pearls and falling jade, the droplets are surging, like smoke rising into the air, the momentum is very powerful, and there has never been such a grand one."
On the upper reaches of Huangguoshu Waterfall, there is a Biandan Mountain. The scenery here is like a beautiful pastoral scene. It is an indispensable content for the Buyi villagers living in Biandanshan Township to perform "Shuba Dance" in festivals. "Brushing dance" is also called "harvest dance". The brushing dance originated from the fact that during the harvest season, the Buyi people used a brush to pour out the grain from the gaps in the burning pan in order not to waste a grain of grain and ensure that the grains returned to the warehouse. into a dustpan containing grain. Brush handles, burning pans and dustpans are the three daily and labor items commonly used by the Buyi people.
"Shuba Dance" artistically expresses this kind of labor scene during the harvest through the dancing postures of young men and women of the Buyi nationality. "Scraping the dance" shows the hardworking and simple Bouyei people; the excellent qualities of saving food and housekeeping. At the same time, the dance also shows the good wishes of the Buyi people to celebrate the harvest and hope for a good harvest in the coming year.
"Suona Bronze Drum Dance" is also passed down by the ancestors of the Buyi nationality, just like "Bagua Bagua Dance". The bronze drum is a precious cultural heritage of the Buyi people with a long history. It was cast by the Luoyue branch of the ancient Baiyue ethnic group, the ancestors of the Buyi nationality. Therefore, the Buyi people respect the bronze drum very much, and regard it as a family heirloom of their ancestors and a lamp of religious unity.
Every New Year's Eve, the parents of the same clan gather together to discuss the important event of sending and receiving the bronze drum. The bronze drum is about to be transferred from the house where it was originally preserved to another house. After confirming, the bronze drum was hung up in the house where it was kept, and the wine and meat were offered as sacrifices, and they were played to their heart's content. Sacrifice is held on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Rooster, pig's head, rice wine and other objects are used to offer sacrifices to the bronze drum. After chanting congratulatory words and mantras, the family has a feast and then transfers the bronze drum to another family. The family hung up the bronze drum again, played it until the end of the first lunar month, and collected it on the day of the new year.
The Suona Bronze Drum Dance is played by young Buyi men and women holding various bamboo ringers, beating and dancing to the accompaniment of suona and bronze drums. Women's dances are gentle and graceful, while men's dance steps are vigorous and powerful. The Suona Bronze Drum Dance represents the good wishes of the Buyi people to celebrate the festival and pray to the gods of heaven and earth to bless the descendants of the Yue people to live and work in peace and contentment, and to have a good harvest. I wish the Buyi people can live forever like the Huangguoshu Waterfall, and the tree of life will grow green. (Photo: Feng Ganyong)
