Since the 1970s, many archaeological investigations and excavations have unearthed a large number of architectural components and precious cultural relics in the Xixia Mausoleum area. The rich and exquisite cultural relics unearthed in the mausoleum area are not only a strong proof of understanding of Xixia architectural art, but also the epitome of Xixia history and culture.
Western Xia Cultural Relics: Pomegranate Pattern Green Glaze Drips
Cultural relic level: general
Dimensions: 23.4 cm wide
Overall height 9.9 cm
Thickness: 1.4 cm
The fetal quality is milky white, more delicate, and the emerald green glaze is applied on the outside. The dripping surface is in the shape of a continuous arc triangle, the two hypotenuses are in the shape of continuous arcs, and the pomegranate pattern is molded. In the middle is a pomegranate flower core hanging from a pomegranate fruit. The branches and leaves extend to both sides. The composition of the picture is well-organized and the shape is relatively regular. The right end of the dripping surface is damaged, and the tiles are broken. In 1998, it entered the Xixia Museum in Tibet.
The dripping water unearthed from the Xixia Mausoleum can be divided into green glaze, gray pottery, and red pottery in terms of texture; animal face pattern, pomegranate pattern, flower pattern, and baby play pattern in terms of decoration; dripping water. Among them, the animal face pattern is mostly dripping water. Animal face pattern is molded, the print is thin and shallow, long horns, small eyes are round and open, the eyebrows are molded with the word "Wang" in Yangwen, small ears stand sideways, short nose and wide mouth, round cheeks, and long flowing mane on the ear side.
Western Xia Cultural Relics: Lime Sand Rock Heads
Cultural relic level: two
Dimensions: overall length 917.5000000000001px
Through width 532.5px
Full height 509.99999999999994px
Tenon length 212.5px
Limestone. The mortise remains, and the surface is weathered and corroded.
The stone head is the stone head of a kind of animal placed on the forehead of the ancient stele, the courtyard pillar, the temple steps and the seal. Chiwei is a kind of animal in ancient Han legends, belonging to the legendary dragons. The dragon is the most worshiped animal by the descendants of Yan and Huang. If it is decorated on the head of the stele or on the pillar of the courtyard to become the head of the chi, the level becomes higher.
The stone head of Xixia Mausoleum is mainly from the south gate of Mausoleum No. 6. It is a whole stone carving, the whole body is rectangular, the chi's head and jaws are closed, the upper lip is rolled up, and there is a strand of tendril at each corner of the lip. The eyes are wide open, the brows are curled, and the two horns stand on the top of the forehead. The semicircular cheeks are engraved with whiskers, and the neck and jaw are engraved with vertically long manes. The rear end is a dovetail, which can be nested on the building.
Xixia Cultural Relics: Xixia Jialing Pinjia (Red Pottery)
Unearthed in 2001 at the Que site at the southwest corner of No. 3 Mausoleum in Xixia Mausoleum District
Cultural relic level: two
Size: base length 15.5cm
Through width 11.0cm
Overall height 38.2cm
Weight 3.18kg
Made of terracotta, with a human head and a bird body. The head is finely carved, the forehead is decorated with a five-pointed corolla, the border is decorated with beaded patterns, and the middle part of the hair is divided into three-part high buns on both sides; Droopy eyelids look down, high nose, slightly larger nose tip, square mouth with thick lips, corners of the mouth slightly closed like a smile, big earlobes, jeweled shoulders; flat chest, hands folded in front of the chest, wearing a single-ring bracelet; wings spread, The long tail is upturned, the double ribs and the strip-shaped mortise holes at the tail are inserted into the double wings, and the legs and claws kneel and ride on the square base covered with moiré patterns. The base is hollow and the bottom and rear end are open. Damaged, repaired. In 2001, it was unearthed from the Que Site at the southwest corner of Mausoleum No. 3 of Xixia Mausoleum in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. It entered the Tibet Xixia Museum in July 2003, and was designated as a second-class cultural relic in 2013
Nie Hongyin, a famous Xixia expert, believes that Kalavinka is a symbol of Buddha and the Western Pure Land. The Xixia people used this image of a divine bird in the royal tomb. It can be understood that the Xixia king probably regarded himself as Amitabha Buddha in the world. Incarnation, and Kalavinka of Xixia Mausoleum just wants to tell people that the king of Xixia who is buried here has returned to the Western Pure Land accompanied by Kalavinka. Xixia is a fascinating Buddhist country.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, architectural components bearing the image of Kalavinka have been continuously unearthed in the Xixia Mausoleum. These components are in the form of glazed or pottery spine beasts, with a bird body and a human form above the abdomen, with hands folded and tasseled body, like a Bodhisattva. Kalingpinga is a kind of divine bird often mentioned in Buddhist scriptures. Its biggest feature is its beautiful singing sound, so it is also called "Miaoyin bird". Ming, whose image appears from time to time in Buddhist murals or buildings after the Tang Dynasty, but it is still rare to be used in emperor mausoleums.
To visit Ningxia, you can choose the local professional tourist transportation Ningxia Tourist Scenic Spot Through Train. The staff all wear yellow vests, and the little yellow people are hospitable. There are two tourist distribution centers in the new city railway station and the crescent moon in the old city. The square is convenient for accommodation nearby, there are many hotels, and the transportation is convenient. It is not far from the civil aviation bus, and it is very convenient whether it is by train or plane. The through train of the scenic spot has opened the line from the urban area to the scenic spots around Yinchuan, such as Shahu, Huangsha Ancient Ferry, Shuidonggou, Zhenbeibao Western Film and Television City, Xixia Royal Tomb, Helan Mountain Rock Painting, Shapotou, etc., which is very convenient.