Beijing, the capital of the Republic; Tiananmen, the heart of the capital. "I love Beijing Tiananmen, the sun rises on Tiananmen...", this well-known song is full of enthusiasm and endless aftertaste. Tiananmen Square in Beijing has made countless people look forward to and truly yearn for it. I have been fortunate enough to have been to Beijing four times in my life, and every time I have to go to Tiananmen Square even if the road is curved, to feel the majesty and greatness of Tiananmen Square, listen to the echoes and images of history, and see the glory and prosperity of reality. Every time, there are new feelings and new thoughts. Tiananmen has witnessed the glorious journey of the great motherland from standing up, becoming rich, and becoming strong. Tiananmen Square is a sacred place that people will never get tired of visiting and visiting often.

Tiananmen Square is located in the center of Beijing - East Chang'an Street, Dongcheng District. It starts from Tiananmen Square in the north, Zhengyangmen in the south, the National Museum of China in the east, and the Great Hall of the People in the west. It is 880 meters long from north to south, 500 meters wide from east to west, and covers an area of ​​440,000 square meters. It can accommodate 1 million people to hold grand gatherings. largest city square. On October 1, 1949, the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China was held here. In the center of Tiananmen Square stands the Monument to the People’s Heroes and the solemn Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. On the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the People. On the east side is the National Museum of China. Archery at the front door.

The Tiananmen Gate Tower is located at the northern end of the square and the southern end of the Palace Museum. It faces Tiananmen Square, the Monument to the People's Heroes, the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, the Great Hall of the People and the National Museum of China across Chang'an Street, covering an area of ​​4,800 square meters. Tiananmen is the main gate of the Beijing imperial city in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was first built in the 15th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1417). In the eighth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1651), it was rebuilt and called Tiananmen Square. It is composed of two parts: the platform and the tower. There is Xumizuo made of white marble, five gates of Tiananmen Gate, and nine couplets of double towers. The total height is 33.7 meters. The tower is 66 meters long and 37 meters wide. The majestic buildings and Tian'anmen constitute Tian'anmen Square, which has become a great scenic spot in Beijing. There are five coupon gates under the city platform. The coupon gate in the middle is the largest and is located on the central axis of the Beijing Imperial City. In the past, only the emperor could enter and exit through it. Above the central door opening is a portrait of Chairman Mao Zedong, and on both sides are large slogans "Long live the People's Republic of China" and "Long live the great unity of the people of the world". On the Tiananmen Gate, you can see the whole picture of Tiananmen Square, and the ticket is 15 yuan.

The Great Hall of the People is located on the west side of Tiananmen Square and the south side of West Chang'an Avenue. It is the site of the National People's Congress, the office of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, an important place for the party, the state and various people's organizations to hold political activities, and it is also the place for party and state leaders and the people to hold political, diplomatic and cultural activities place. The Great Hall of the People sits west and faces east. It is 336 meters long from north to south, 206 meters wide from east to west, and 46.5 meters high. The National People's Congress, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the five-yearly National Congress of the Communist Party of China are held here.

The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall is a memorial hall for the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries headed by Comrade Mao Zedong, and it is a national patriotic education base. It is located at the southern end of Tiananmen Square, on the central axis of Beijing, with a total construction area of ​​28,000 square meters. The body of Chairman Mao Zedong is placed, and there are memorial rooms for the revolutionary achievements of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun. Through a large number of photos, documents and real objects, the memorial room shows Mao Zedong's great achievements in various periods of China's revolution and construction and the struggle of the Communist Party of China leading the people in revolution and construction. On the open day, you can enter the memorial hall to pay homage to Chairman Mao's remains. It is also a great blessing in life to witness the true face of a great man of a generation.

The Monument to the People's Heroes is located in the center of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, on the north-south central axis about 463 meters south of Tiananmen and 440 meters north of Zhengyangmen. Freedom and happiness, built by the people's heroes who died in previous struggles. On September 30, 1949, the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference passed the decision to build this monument. In the evening of the same day, Mao Zedong and all members of the CPPCC attended the foundation laying ceremony. Mao Zedong shoveled the soil and laid the foundation stone for the monument. Construction officially started in August 1952, designed by Liang Sicheng and others. Famous architects, sculptors, artists and outstanding sculptors all over the country participated in the construction of the stele. The monument is built with 17,000 pieces of granite and white marble. The base of the monument covers an area of ​​more than 3,000 square meters, and the height of the monument is 37.94 meters. It is the first building built in the square after the founding of New China. , and the largest monument in Chinese history. Construction started on August 1, 1952, completed on April 22, 1958, and unveiled on May 1, 1958. In 1961, it was announced by the State Council of the People's Republic of China as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. On April 28, 2018, the second meeting of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress designated September 30 as the Martyrs Memorial Day. So far, on September 30 every year, the leaders of the party and the state, together with representatives from all walks of life in the capital, present flower baskets to the people's heroes.

The National Museum of China, referred to as the National Museum, is located on the east side of Tiananmen Square and the south side of East Chang'an Avenue, opposite to the Great Hall of the People. The predecessor of the National Museum of China is the Chinese History Museum and the Chinese Revolution Museum. It is a famous collection of ancient, modern and contemporary Chinese history and precious cultural relics. A comprehensive museum integrating education and cultural exchanges. As of the end of 2013, the total construction area of ​​the museum was nearly 200,000 square meters, the number of national museum collections was more than 1 million, and the number of exhibition halls was 48.

The Tiananmen viewing platform is located on both sides of the front of Tiananmen, symmetrical from east to west, with 7 platforms each, and is mainly used for viewing ceremonies at major celebrations such as the National Day. The Tiananmen viewing platform was originally a temporary building of brick and wood structure for the founding ceremony. In 1954, according to the design plan of the famous Chinese architect Zhang Kaiji, a permanent viewing platform of brick and concrete structure was rebuilt on the original basis.

The basic structure of the viewing platform is a large-diameter reaming pile structure; the main structure is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete shear wall structure; the walls of the lounge, VIP room and toilet adopt structural reinforcement, waterproof coating and new materials and new processes for external wall insulation panels; The entire building has improved modern functions such as compression and crack resistance, heat preservation and moisture retention, sound insulation and heat insulation, fire protection and lightning protection. The total construction area of ​​the new viewing platform is 4008 square meters. The viewing platform is high in the north and low in the south, with trapezoidal steps inside, with a total capacity of 21,000 people.

Zhengyangmen, commonly known as Qianmen, Qianmenlouzi, and Daqianmen, was formerly known as Lizhengmen, and it was the south gate of the inner city of Beijing during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is located at the southernmost end of Tiananmen Square on the north-south central axis of Beijing, south of Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. It was built in the 17th year of Yongle (1419), Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, and is one of the "nine gates of the capital" in old Beijing. It integrates Zhengyangmen tower, archery tower and urn city into one, and is a complete ancient defensive building system. According to local chronicles, the city towers and archery towers at that time were magnificent in scale and tall in shape; the Wengcheng was majestic and majestic, and it was a representative work of the old Beijing city wall architecture. There is a Beijing Folklore Exhibition Hall on the city tower. On January 13, 1988, the State Council announced it as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

The Tiananmen Flag Raising Ceremony is the most sacred ceremony worth attending and watching in life. On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong himself raised the first five-star red flag by pressing a button. On October 1, 1990, after the "National Flag Law" was promulgated, the flag-raising ceremony became more solemn and grand.

On the first day of each month, the national flag is raised in a formation of 126 people, including 96 flag guards and 30 soldiers of honor, wearing 14 uniforms for army, navy and air force. From front to back, the flag guard team consists of 3 national flag groups, 3 army, navy and air force team leaders, and 90 army, navy and air force members. The 90 team members are organized into a 6-way 15-column marching formation, divided into 5 steps of preparation, welcoming the flag, guarding the flag, raising the flag and returning, and the whole process takes 10 minutes. Flag-raising ceremonies on major festivals are generally carried out in accordance with the national flag-raising plan on the first day of each month. In special cases, the number of formations is increased and salutes are fired according to the needs of tasks. On weekdays, the national flag raising consists of 66 people in formation, 3 people in the flag group, 3 team leaders, and 60 team members organized into 4 lines and 15 columns. There are 3 steps of flag protection, flag raising and returning, and the whole process takes 8 minutes.

The national flag is lowered according to the 66-person formation plan, and the formation form and marching action are the same as the usual flag raising ceremony, and no military band or recording accompaniment will be arranged. There are two forms of flag whistle. After the flag is raised, three guards of honor in uniform of the land, navy and air force stand at the post with bare hands;

Travel information

[1] Bus: ①Take bus No. 1, No. 2, No. 10, No. 52, No. 59, No. 82, No. 90, No. 99, No. 120, No. 126 in the urban area and get off at "Tiananmen East";② Take bus No. 2, No. 5, No. 120, No. 126, No. 1 or No. 2 in the urban area and get off at "Tiananmen Square East"; ③ Take bus No. 2, No. 5, No. 120 or No. 126 , Special Line 1, and Special Line 2 can get off at "Tiananmen Square West"; ④ Take bus No. 5, No. 8, No. 17, No. 48, No. 59, No. 66, No. 67, No. 69 and No. 71 in the urban area , No. 82, No. 93, No. 120, No. 126, No. 723, No. 729, BRT Line 1, Special No. 11, Special No. 7, Special No. 1, Special No. 2 Ring Road and get off at "Qianmen".

[2] Subway: Take Metro Line 1 in the urban area and get off at "Tian'anmen East" station, and exit from Exit A and D. Or take Metro Line 1 and get off at "Tian'anmen West" station, and exit B and C; take Metro Line 2 in the urban area and get off at "Qianmen" station, and exit A, B, C.