China is so big, I want to visit it. Take you to a place you have been or have not been to.

Horgos Port is located in Huocheng County, Ili, Xinjiang, on the western border of China, bordering Kazakhstan, and is a must-see attraction in Yili.

Horgos is a river, which means "the place where the camel caravan passes" in Mongolian and "the place where wealth is accumulated" in Kazakh. It has been an important post on the northern route of the ancient Silk Road since ancient times.

In 1881 AD, the Khorgos Port was officially cleared, and it was the first port in China to open to the west. After the reform and opening up, it was the first batch of land ports opened to the outside world in 1983, and it is also a national first-class road port with the best infrastructure and the most convenient customs clearance conditions in the western region of my country.

Going back to 1881 when Khorgos passed the customs, it clearly recorded a period of humiliation of the Qing government at that time. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the territory around here reaching far to the west belonged to the Qing Dynasty, not the port.

During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty (1864), the Hui and Uighurs in various places in Xinjiang rioted one after another. Local separatist regimes were established successively in various places, and the Qing soldiers attacked each other, causing the situation to be chaotic. The Hui Ministry of Kashgar requested reinforcements from the Kokand Khanate in Central Asia, and the Kokand Khanate sent an officer, Aquba, to lead the army into Xinjiang. Known as the "Bidulet Khanate"), proclaimed itself the "King of Hongfu", and was recognized and supported by Russia and the United Kingdom, known as the "Aquba Rebellion" in history.

In July 1871, the Tsarist Russia took advantage of Agubai's occupation of Xinjiang and invaded eastward, and sent troops to occupy the Ili area of ​​Xinjiang to profit from it.

In 1875, the Qing government appointed Zuo Zongtang, governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, as the imperial envoy to supervise military affairs in Xinjiang. In April 1876, Zuo Zongtang marched into Xinjiang. In December 1877, he defeated Aquba and regained all the territory of Xinjiang except the Ili area. conspiracy.

The Qing government negotiated with Tsarist Russia on the Ili issue many times, but Tsarist Russia refused to withdraw its troops. In June 1878, Chong Hou, an incompetent imperial envoy of the Qing government, went to Tsarist Russia to negotiate. Under the coercion of Tsarist Russia, without the permission of the Qing government, he signed the "Treaty of Handing over Ili" with Tsarist Russia in Livadia on the Crimean Peninsula. "(that is, the "Livadia Treaty"), the public opinion in the country was in an uproar, accusing Chonghou of betraying the country. The Qing government therefore refused to ratify the treaty, dismissed Chonghou as a criminal, and sent Zeng Jize as an imperial envoy to Russia. On February 24, 1881 (the seventh year of Guangxu), Zeng Jize signed the "Ili Treaty" drawn up by Tsarist Russia. Although the Qing Dynasty took back the nine cities of Ili and other parts of the territory, it still ceded the northeast of Tacheng and Ili and Kashgar. With a territory of more than 70,000 square kilometers west of Gar, Horgos has since become the border of the motherland.

The shame of the country does not stop there. After the "Treaty" was signed, the Sino-Russian boundary marker was said to be funded by the Qing government and made by the Tsarist Russian government. However, when the boundary marker was laid, the Qing government did not send officials to the site to supervise it. The Russian side took the opportunity to push the boundary marker 20 kilometers into China. In this regard, the Qing government has never recognized it, and refused to use the stone tablet as a boundary marker, thus forming a disputed area of ​​more than 40 square kilometers. Boundary Plaque No. 18 is the Qing Boundary Plaque in Yili back then, and this is the "monument of shame" we saw in the Khorgos Port Stele Pavilion in Yili. (The original site of the boundary monument was erected on Teqilegan Mountain in Chabuchar County on the south bank of the Yili River, and it has been moved here today)

After the founding of New China, the Chinese government actively defended territorial sovereignty and made unremitting efforts to resolve territorial disputes. The great man wrote the inscription on the masthead of "Xinjiang Daily". The word "Xinjiang" lacks "earth".

Until the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, the prime ministers of China and Kazakhstan signed an agreement in Almaty in 1994, re-dividing the disputed area of ​​more than 40 square kilometers left over from history.

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