[Preface] I have had a strong interest in Chinese civilization since I was a child. When I travel around, I always focus on the local cultural relics. At the beginning of May, I received a message from an old classmate who was the leader of a certain museum. I learned that they will hold the "Swift Museum" on May 18th and 19th in the Yu County and Yangyuan County of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province in conjunction with a number of museums in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province. Plan - 2019 Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Museum Cultural Exploration" activity, I was invited to participate with my family. Originally, I was still a little hesitant to go. In my impression, Zhangjiakou belonged to Northwest Hebei. Historically, it should have been the territory of the Hu people in the north, and there would not be too many historical sites. The more famous ones are Dajingmen, Xuanhua Ancient City, Chahar Office, Jiming Station, Xiabali Liao Tomb, etc. I have been to these places. What can Yu County and Yangyuan do? But I have a good habit of learning online about things I don't understand. A search on the Internet was incredible, and it completely overturned my understanding of Northwest Hebei. Where is the county-level administrative region with the largest number of national-level cultural relics protection units? which one? Before, I would definitely guess that it was in Henan, Shaanxi, and Hubei, the major provinces of the Central Plains, or the thousand-year-old capitals of Beijing and Nanjing. Even if it is in Hebei and Shanxi, it should be in the southern area close to the Yellow River. It would never have been expected to be in Yuxian County in the northwest of Hebei. Let's take a look at the information we found: Yu County, known as "Weizhou" in ancient times, is one of the "Sixteen States of Yanyun". There are more than 1,610 cultural relics in the county, including 22 national key cultural relics protection units. There are 18 provincial-level key cultural relics protection units and 103 county-level cultural relics protection units. In addition, Yu County is also a national historical and cultural city, with 7 ancient villages included in the list of Chinese traditional villages, 2 Chinese historical and cultural towns, and 2 Chinese historical and cultural villages. Not only that, but Yu County also has five "Guinness Best in the World": "The county with the largest number of well-preserved ancient castles - Yu County, China"; "The county with the largest number of ancient theater buildings - Yu County, China"; " The oldest folk art of making tree flowers - tree flower making in Yuxian County"; "the county with the most ancient murals in temples - Yuxian County, China"; "the longest granary in use until now - Changping warehouse in Yuxian County". With such a profound cultural heritage and rich civilization traces, how can we not make people fascinated, so here I come!
The treasure of ancient architecture - Yuhuang Pavilion in Weizhou!
An ancient building in the Yuan Dynasty - the Daxiong Hall of Sakyamuni Temple!
【Text】When you decide to go, you need to plan carefully. I went with my old mother this time. For convenience, we did not take the bus with the group, but chose to drive there by ourselves. There are too many historical sites in Yuxian County. After carefully and carefully reviewing the information, combined with the overall itinerary of the event, I planned our route and focused our visits on the ancient city area of Yuzhou and the Nuanquan Ancient Town on the periphery. , Daiwangcheng, etc. Leave it to the future. Then I checked the weather and prepared to pack. Just in the past two days, the wind was cooling down, and I found a sweater from the storage cabinet that I hadn't worn for a long time. There are also selfie sticks, small telescopes, bright flashlights, compass, sunscreen cosmetics, sun hats, sunglasses, travel thermos, water cups, masks, mobile power supplies, as well as tea, fruits, snacks, etc.; Charge your phone.
May 18: Cloudy, 29/13 degrees, light wind. Beijing to Yu County, Su Yu County.
Get up early, take a shower, have breakfast, make tea in the water cup, and start driving at 7:30, along the G6 Beijing-Tibet Expressway to Yu County. Fill up the gas at the Baige service area, and fill up the travel thermos with boiling water. At this time, Beijing was holding the World Garden Expo. I was a little worried about whether the Beijing-Tibet Expressway would be blocked.
Arrive at Huashaoying service area at 9:45, go to the toilet, and take a rest. After that, take Xuanda Expressway and turn to Zhangshi Expressway, and get off at the Yuxian/Shanxi Guangling Exit. 10:45 arrived at the ancient city of Yuzhou.
Before introducing each scenic spot, I would like to introduce the overall situation of the ancient city of Yuzhou. The photos in it are collected after I took pictures at various scenic spots.
Yu County has a long history. Tang Yao initially divided China into Kyushu. Yu County belonged to Jizhou, and it was Weizhou in Ming Dynasty. The history of the ancient city of Weizhou is a little later. It was built in the second year of Daxiang in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (AD 580), and has a history of more than 1,400 years. The ancient city of Weizhou "has five terraces in the east, sanggan in the north, a pot flow in the middle, even the Daoma and Bauhinia Pass, and the county is beyond. Although the land is a small ball, it is also locked and keyed, and the shape of the court is better than the town."
Historically, the Han nationality culture was the mainstream in the Weizhou area, but in terms of the shape of the ancient city, it went against the strict requirements of the traditional "ritual system" of the Han nationality, and did not pursue the rules of "square and dignified, clear latitude and longitude, and symmetrical axis". It is wide, narrow in the north, and the east and west sides are curved and not straight. This anti-stream of consciousness approach makes it the most distinctive feature of the ancient city of Weizhou.
There are 3 gates in the ancient city of Yuzhou, the East Anding Gate with the Jingyang Building on it, the South View Immortal Gate with the Wanshan Tower on it, the West Qingyuan Gate with the Guangyun Tower on it, 4 corner towers, 24 There are watchtowers and more than 1,100 crenels. This is the south gate of the ancient city of Weizhou - Jingxian Gate.
There are urn cities and second-level urn cities outside the three city gates. There is a moat outside the city, the river is more than 10 meters deep and more than 20 meters wide. The ancient city did not open the north gate, but built the Yuhuang Pavilion on the north city wall.
The city wall of the ancient city of Weizhou is 11.5 meters high, and now a section of the ancient city wall has been restored on the east side of Yuhuang Pavilion for tourists to visit.
The circumference of the ancient city of Yuzhou is 3,800 meters, but the ancient city wall that survives to this day is only 1,600 meters. In other places around the ancient city, you can also see the remains of the ancient city wall. This photo is the brick-concrete city wall at the corner of the northwest corner of the ancient city, located on the north side of Zhenwu Temple.
Bricks and rammed earth are mixed together, telling visitors the vicissitudes of the ancient city wall.
Due to historical reasons, the ancient city has suffered some damage, but the style of the ancient city has basically not changed. In addition, there are many government offices, temples, pavilions and dwellings in the ancient city, and there are still relics of the ancient city of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancient city of Yuzhou has been a rich and prosperous commercial port since ancient times. It is not only rich in products, but also famous for its rich and colorful folk culture. It is now a national AAA-level tourist attraction.
In the Ming Dynasty, Weizhou was divided into administrative and military systems. Administratively, it belonged to Weizhou, Datong Prefecture, Shanxi Province, and militarily, it belonged to Weizhouwei, Wanquandu Division, Xuanfu Town. In order to ensure the safety of the villagers, Datong Prefecture built a large number of state forts in its territory; in order to carry out effective military defense, Xuanfu Town built a large number of garrison (army) forts in its territory. This is the south gate of the ancient city of Weizhou - Jingxian Gate.
Since Yuxian County is located in the middle of the Great Wall, Beijing, Tianjin, and the hinterland of Hebei, it is a "lock and key place" and one of the conflict areas between the people of the Central Plains and the northern nomads in the Ming Dynasty, so it became an inevitable choice to build a large number of castles. This is the remaining rammed earth city wall in the northeast corner of the ancient city of Weizhou.
According to statistics, there are 53 Weizhou forts recorded in the Zhengde period, all of which were state forts or tun forts. These forts were mainly built for military purposes, so they have somewhat of an official nature. The emergence of a large number of state forts and fortresses made the belief of Zhenwu Emperor, the northern god of war respected by the Ming court, gradually flourish in the official forts of Yu County, protecting the safety of the villagers and soldiers on the spiritual level.
In the ancient city with an area of only 1.6 square kilometers and a circumference of only 3,800 meters, there are seven or eight national-level key cultural relics protection units. Although there are many historic sites, the level of development is low, and the whole ancient city looks dilapidated and messy.
10:50 We arrived at the center of the ancient city - Drum Tower. In the ancient city of Weizhou, the four major streets in east, west, south, and north are the main lines, forming a symmetrical architectural pattern with the drum tower and the south gate, and the north and south streets as the central axis.
On the north side of Gulou East Street, there is a small courtyard near the Drum Tower. This is an inn, and the entrance to the Drum Tower is in this small courtyard.
Now the ancient city of Yuzhou is undergoing overall renovation and upgrading, and many scenic spots, including the Drum Tower, are not open.
Parking in the small courtyard is very convenient and free. For self-driving travelers, you can directly navigate to "Weizhou Ancient Rhythm Inn" on the map.
The Drum Tower of the ancient city of Weizhou is a three-layer eaves and multi-corner Xieshan Bowa glazed edge building. It is 17 meters high, nine rooms wide, and five rooms deep. There is a white marble plaque inlaid above the gate opening on the south side of the city wall. The four gold characters "Shouji" imply "the first state in the west of Beijing" and are an important symbol of the ancient city of Weizhou.
This is the north side of the Drum Tower. There is a plaque between the double eaves saying "Humanities rise". Borrowing the meaning of the word, this plaque cleverly contains double meanings. In Chinese, "Wei Qi" means "prosperity", and "Humanities Wei Qi" means the education of rites and music, the long history of human culture, and the vigorous rise. But because this is the ancient Weizhou, "Humanities Weiqi" can be interpreted as "human culture originated from Weizhou".
The Drum Tower was first built in the 14th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1381) and completed in the 16th year of Hongwu (1383 A.D.). The Drum Tower was changed to Wenchang Pavilion.
This is the east side of the Drum Tower, with a plaque "Jinghua is in sight" hanging on it. During the War of Liberation in 1946, it was burned down by a man-made fire, which is embarrassing. The existing Drum Tower was imitated in 1997, and it was completed and opened to the public in October 1998.
This is the west side of the Drum Tower, which feels a bit messy.
The ancient city of Weizhou is small in size, and the historical sites are concentrated in various places. More than 100 meters to the west of the Drum Tower is the "Changping Warehouse".
Changping Cang is located on the west side of the Drum Tower in the ancient city of Weizhou. It was formerly known as "Fengyu Cang" and commonly known as "Beicang". It is the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Changping Cang is one of the few scenic spots in the ancient city of Weizhou that is still open. Go in and have a look.
To visit the Changping Warehouse in Weizhou, one must first understand the "Changping Warehouse System" in ancient China. In ancient China, the government set up some granaries in order to adjust grain prices, store grain in preparation for shortages, and supply food for the government and the people.
These granaries mainly use the law of value to adjust the grain supply and give full play to the role of stabilizing the market value of grain.
When the market grain price is low during the harvest season, appropriately raising the grain price for large-scale purchases not only filled the large grain storage warehouses of the imperial court, the Taicang and Ganquan warehouses, but also filled the warehouses in the border counties.
When the market price of grain is high in bad harvest and non-harvest season, the price will be lowered appropriately to keep the market stable.
This measure not only avoided "cheap grain hurting farmers", but also prevented "high grain hurting the people", played a positive role in stabilizing the grain market and consolidating the feudal regime, and reflected the interests and wishes of the people to a certain extent.
Changping originates from the Pingbu that Li Kui conducted in Wei during the Warring States period, that is, the government purchased grain for storage in good years to avoid hurting farmers due to low grain prices, and sold the stored grain in bad years to stabilize grain prices.
Fan Li and "Guanzi" also have similar ideas. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Sang Hongyang developed the above-mentioned ideas and established the equalization law. Relying on the large amount of money and silk materials held by the government, he collected cheaply and sold expensively in the capital to stabilize prices.
Changping warehouse in Yu County was built in the first year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (AD 1403), more than 600 years ago. Originally used as a military granary, it was Weizhou Weicang in the Ming Dynasty, and it was changed to Changping warehouse in the early Qing Dynasty.
Changping warehouses in the Qing Dynasty had 11 warehouses in total, covering an area of about 30 mu, with a maximum grain storage capacity of 35,000 shi. The shape of the warehouse is towering, majestic and majestic. In order to seek peace for many years, it is called "Changping warehouse".
In 2011, the government invested more than 2 million yuan to carry out protective repairs on Changping warehouse in Weizhou. After the restoration, it is 70 meters wide from east to west, 110 meters long from north to south, surrounded by walls, and covers an area of about 7,700 square meters.
Now there are only five large and small warehouses, namely Sancang (East Zhengcang, Xizhengcang, Xiercang) and Ercang (Dongzheng, Nanzang). According to the ancients, those who sit facing south are called cangs, and those who sit on the other three sides are called cangs.
This is Dongzhengcang, facing south from north, five rooms wide and four rooms deep, with a hard mountain tile roof and brick walls in front of the corridor.
This is Xizhengcang. I don’t know if you have noticed that the roofs of these warehouses all have hanging skylights. These small windows are used for ventilation. There are small nets woven with reed mats inside the windows. not going.
On the west side of Xizhengcang is Xiercang.
This is Dongbai, facing east and west. In 2011, after the government funded the renovation of the Changping warehouse, the Dongbai was transformed into the "Weizhou Changping warehouse museum".
This is the south side facing north, located outside the scenic area.
The beam frame of the warehouse is mainly based on the common bucket structure in the south, supplemented by the beam lifting structure. There is a single-step corridor in the front, and the gold step frame is equipped with a step beam. Two ancient copper coin ventilation holes are placed on the top of the gable.
There are also five East Buildings in the courtyard, which used to be the warehouse management department and are now the visitor center.
According to the introduction, there are one Cangshen Temple and one theater building. Since the warehouse was built, it has gone through more than 600 years, and it is still intact. The "cangshen temple and one theater building" mentioned here are actually two buildings connected back to back.
Cangshen Temple faces south and is integrated with the theater building. It is also called one hall and one scroll, or hooked and connected. It is three rooms wide and five rooms deep. Cangshen Temple has five beams on the front and a single-step corridor on the front and back. The overall beam frame is nine rafters.
The God of Cang, also known as the God of Cang and Cangguan, is the god of Canglin, and Canglin is the lifeline of a country. The sacrifice of Cangshen has always been a national ritual. Legend has it that Cangshen was Han Xin, the founding hero of the early Han Dynasty, because Han Xin was originally a Cangguan, and later the most successful battle after leading the army was "clearly repairing plank roads and secretly keeping Chen Cang". For Cangshen.
Also in 2011, after layers of checks and strict audits by the Shanghai World Guinness Headquarters, Yuxian Changping Warehouse finally obtained the certification of "Best Guinness in the World" - "the longest granary in use so far", becoming a veritable name The "No. 1 Warehouse in the World".
There is a small square at the gate of Changping Warehouse in Yuxian County, where tourists can park their vehicles when visiting, and of course they can also park on the side of the road.
There is a large brick stove on the square, with five gold characters written on the front - Weizhou No. 1 Pot.
The storage volume in Changping changes with the change of national strength. When the country is strong, the warehouse is the "No. 1 warehouse in the world". When disaster relief is needed, the "No. 1 pot in the world" must be used to meet the needs of the victims and to show the strength of the imperial court.
By the end of the nineteenth century, the Qing Dynasty was declining from prosperity, and the grain reserves gradually became empty and even dried up. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, for the vast majority of the country, as an economic stabilizer, the Changping warehouse had existed in name only, and this cauldron was no longer there. . .
Walking out of Changping Warehouse in Yuxian County, less than 200 meters to the west, is Lingyan Temple, another national key cultural relics protection unit.
Lingyan Temple is located in Gulou West Street, Yu County, facing south, covering an area of 6,682 square meters. In 2006, it was approved by the State Council to be included in the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
According to reports, the layout of the original temple from south to north is as follows: archway, mountain gate, Tianwang Hall, Daxiong Hall, and Sutra Pavilion, which are distributed on a central axis. At the same time, there are bells, drum towers, side halls, meditation rooms, etc. on the east and west sides.
Lingyan Temple is an ancient temple building in the Ming Dynasty and one of the famous ancient temples in Weizhou. The temple covers an area of 6682 square meters. The existing temple buildings include the Tianwang Hall, the Daxiong Hall, the East and West Side Halls, and dozens of Buddhist monks' houses. The scale is grand and the momentum is extraordinary.
Lingyan Temple is also in a state of maintenance, and the entrance gate of the scenic spot is closed.
However, there is a gap between the big iron gate directly in front of the Tianwang Hall and the ground, and you can put your phone on the selfie stick to take pictures through the iron gate. It can be seen from the photos that the Tianwang Hall is a single-dan Xieshan Buwa roof, with three sides and three sides, and the plane is square.
When protecting cultural relics in Yu County, historical sites are often planned as museums at the same time. Changping Cang is the "Weizhou Changping Cang Museum" to promote and popularize ancient Cangzhou culture, and Lingyan Temple is the "Wugu Culture Museum".
Reluctantly, they took a group photo together, leaving hope for the future.
The houses on both sides of Lingyan Temple include houses and shops.
From the west side of Lingyan Temple, about 300 meters north along the narrow Shoubing Street, is another national key cultural relics protection unit - Zhenwu Temple.
It's a pity that it is still under maintenance here, and the gate is closed, so we can only watch it from the outside.
Weizhou is known as the "state of thousands of castles" and has many castles. Therefore, it has been certified as "the county with the largest number of well-preserved ancient castles——China's Yuxian County" by the "Guinness Book of the World"! According to incomplete statistics, there were 181 Zhenwu temple villages in Yu County, but due to natural collapse and man-made damage, there are now 63 Zhenwu temples, of which 30 Zhenwu temples have murals.
Weizhou is located in the north, so of course the God of Zhenwu in the north must be enshrined. Therefore, historically, Zhenwu temples were built on the highest part of the north wall of the eight hundred villages in Yuzhou, but the largest one is this—Zhenwu Temple in Yuzhou City.
According to reports, the Zhenwu Temple faces south and sits on a rammed earth-covered brick platform about 3 meters high. The temples and meditation rooms are connected to form a closed independent courtyard. Covers an area of 2944 square meters.
The main hall is distributed on the north-south central axis, and there are two side halls in the east and west, surrounded by walls with corners on all sides. A bell tower is built in the east of the courtyard, and a drum tower is built in the west. This is a photo of the back of the main hall.
According to reports, the front hall is the heart-passing hall. The single-eave hanging mountain rolling shed is hooked and connected, with a width of three rooms and a depth of three rooms. The hanging mountain is in the form of five central pillars, and the center of the five beams is painted with "Golden Dragon Peony". The pot rafters and beam frames are all decorated with oil.
The main hall is located in the north of the courtyard, which is the North Pole Hall. With a single eaves Xieshan green glazed tile roof, glazed flower ridges, the front embraces the building, and the spacious platform is built in front of the building, which is 1.30 meters higher than the courtyard. The main hall is three rooms wide and five rooms deep. If we can't enter the scenic spot, we can only admire its exquisite glazed flower ridge behind the main hall.
According to reports, there is a bell tower on the east side under the platform of the main hall. The bell tower is located on both sides of the center of the courtyard. This layout is rare in many ancient buildings, and its shape resembles the attic in ancient paintings. The temple is surrounded by buildings on all sides, with a closed corner structure and a patio in the courtyard, which is quite ingenious and ancient. This kind of example is extremely rare, and this kind of layout can only be seen in ancient paintings of the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
The plane layout of the whole Zhenwu Temple is in the courtyard style, with a front hall, east and west side halls and a main hall. There are bell and drum towers in front of the main hall. The main hall has a single eaves Xieshan green glazed tile roof. The bell tower is on the top of the mountain with a single eaves, under the eaves are five-coloured bucket arches, pillars, arches, and poplar squares, retaining the architectural style of the Jin and Yuan dynasties.
It is unknown when the Weizhou Zhenwu Temple was first built, but multiple maintenance records in the Ming and Qing dynasties can be found. However, judging from its hall layout, architectural style and mural paintings, the start of construction should be no later than the Song Dynasty. Its own unique style made it included in the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 2006.
Driving up the slope on the east side of Zhenwu Temple, you can go around to the north side of the North Pole Hall of Zhenwu Temple. There is a parking lot here, and you can park here when you visit Zhenwu Temple.
The Qitong stone stele and five stele foreheads are exhibited here, which are mainly memorial steles for the previous reconstruction or repair of Zhenwu Temple.
According to reports, in the investigation of cultural relics in Yuxian County, a total of 12 inscriptions on the reconstruction of Zhenwu Temple and one mural inscription were found, but few of the inscriptions mentioned the founding time. The rebuilt stele in the eighteenth year (1719) records that the Zhenwu Temple in the village was founded in the tenth year of Ming Zhengde (1515). This is the only known Zhenwu Temple stele in Yu County that clearly records the founding time.
The inscription on the reconstruction of the Zhenwu Temple in the ancient city of Yuzhou also does not mention the time when it was built, which can only be left to the future to explore and verify.
In front of the stage, the forehead of the Wutong stele is also displayed, on which are some pictures of gods and beasts. Some monuments are engraved on one side, and some are double-sided, with exquisite designs.
Zhenwu, known as Xuanwu in ancient times, was originally the god of stars in the north and one of the worship of four elephants.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Zhenwu became the guard god of the Taishang Laojun. In the Tang Dynasty, he was the general under the Emperor Ziwei of the Arctic. In the Northern Song Dynasty, he was named "Zhenwu Lingying Zhenjun". ".
In the Ming Dynasty, due to Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang's strong admiration, Zhenwu became the guardian god of the Ming Dynasty, and his belief spread all over the country, becoming one of the gods with wide influence among the people. Because Zhenwu belongs to the god of stars in the north, Emperor Zhenwu is also called the Northern God of War.
There is a red building on the north side of Zhenwu Temple - Xiaowutai Mountain Natural Museum. The museum was built in 2011 and is now in a state of maintenance and is not open.
Xiaowutai Mountain is the highest peak in Hebei Province, located in the southeast of Zhangjiakou City, across Yu County and Zhuolu County. The museum is built on the basis of the herbarium of Xiaowutai Mountain Nature Reserve.
According to reports, there are 19,770 collections in the museum, and more than 200 copies of objects, specimens, pictures, written materials and video materials are on display. Through the display of the natural relics, history and culture of Xiaowutai Mountain, the audience can experience the magic and mystery of nature.
On the north side of the Xiaowutai Mountain Natural Museum, you can see a ten-meter-high rammed earth city wall, which is the city wall of the ancient city of Yuzhou.
In the ancient city of Yuzhou, there are existing city walls in the northwest, north and northeast, and the remains of the city wall in the south. This is the city wall in the northwest.
The city wall turned a corner here, which shows that this is exactly the northwest corner of the ancient city. According to the custom at that time, the Zhenwu Temple was always built on the high ground in the northwest corner of the castle or village.
100 meters to the east of Zhenwu Temple, there is a Temple of the God of Wealth.
The gate is closed, but the murals on both sides of the gate are worth seeing.
Going forward is the back street of the Drum Tower, passing through the gate of the Drum Tower, and going south for more than one kilometer, you will come to the south gate of the ancient city of Weizhou - Jingxian Gate. Jingxian Gate is the only surviving ancient building among the three gates in the ancient city of Weizhou.
The three-bay triple-eave Xieshan-style building above Jingxian Gate is Wanshan Tower. The original building was destroyed in the flames of the Liberation War in 1947, and the one currently seen is rebuilt in 1997.
Wanshan Tower is also a scenic spot in the ancient city. According to the introduction, when you climb up the tower, you can see the green screen, the mountains and mountains, which is too beautiful to behold. Now it is "Weizhou Ancient Coins Museum".
The entrance of Wanshan Tower Scenic Area is on the west side of the tower, close to the Nan'an Temple Pagoda, from here you can go directly to the tower.
It's a pity that it is also under maintenance and the gate is closed.
Park the car on the north side of Wanshan Tower and visit the nearby historical sites.
The ancient city of Yuzhou has a long history, and old houses can be seen everywhere. Unfortunately, they have not been properly repaired and look dilapidated.
Let's go to "Gongdao Lane" first, because there is a historic site here - the former residence of Wei Xiangshu.
At the entrance of the alley, I saw the introduction of the name of "Gongdao Lane", saw the same story again, and read an almost identical "Ranging the Wall Poetry": A thousand miles of books are a wall, so what's wrong with making people three feet? The Great Wall is still there today, but Qin Shihuang is nowhere to be seen.
The story is that the family of a high-ranking official had a homestead dispute with a neighbor in his hometown, and then wrote a letter to the high-ranking official asking him to use force to suppress his neighbors. There are many versions of this story. People in Shandong say this is Renyi Hutong in Liaocheng, a poem written by Fu Yijian, the number one scholar in the founding of the Qing Dynasty; people in Anhui say it is Liuchi Lane in Tongcheng, which is a poem written by Zhang Ying, the first assistant in the Kangxi period; People in Fujian say that this is Sanchi Lane in Taining, which is a poem written by Li Chunye, a Jinshi in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and Minister of War; people in Henan say that it is Renyi Lane in Anyang, which is a poem by Guo Pu, the prime minister of the Ming Dynasty. It is also said that this is an earlier story of Wang Anshi in the Song Dynasty.
In Gongdao Lane, there is the former residence of Wei Xiangshu covering an area of 2037 square meters. Of course, this story belongs to Gongdao Lane in Weizhou. Wei Xiangshu (1617-1687), courtesy name Huanji, nicknamed Yongzhai, also named Hansong, was born in Weizhou. Born as a Jinshi, during the Shunzhi and Kangxi years of the Qing Dynasty, he was an official to Zuodu Yushi and Minister of the Ministry of Punishment.
As a speech officer, Wei dared to tell the truth; as a capable minister, he made great contributions to pacifying the San Francisco rebellion; Later generations summarized his life with the words "good man, honest official, and scholar". Therefore, the government took Wei Xiangshu's thought, spirit and deeds as the main line, and built the Yu County Clean Government Culture Museum and Zhangjiakou Clean Government Education Base.
There are many centuries-old houses in Gongdao Lane. This is a house from the Qing Dynasty, and a garage door is opened on the outer wall.
Pushing open the courtyard door, the inside looked dilapidated. The old houses in Weizhou all have a "second gate", and the main courtyard is only after entering the second gate.
This is also an old house in the Qing Dynasty, with a grand gate.
Many of the old houses in the ancient city of Weizhou are "inclined into the courtyard", and the door opens at the corner of the courtyard. The double doors of our usual "two-entry courtyard" are on the central axis, but the "first-entry courtyard" after entering the gate of Weizhou House is often a patio. They open the door on the opposite corner, one door leads to the street, The door leads to the inner courtyard.
The biggest advantage of this architectural style is that repairing the door does not occupy the position of the main house, and houses can be built on all four sides of the main courtyard.
The most distinctive feature of this old house is the "double eaves wall". There are two eaves on a high wall, and the colors of the upper and lower bricks are different. After all, a decorative wall is added to the same wall False wall eaves, or build a higher wall on top of the original wall? Can't figure it out.
This is also a house from the Qing Dynasty, and it seems that the door face has been repaired recently.
The layout of the courtyard is also a typical northern courtyard. In order to protect the old house, a layer of PVC gusset was added on the top of the west wing.
Look carefully, these old houses are indeed old, and the wooden window lattices are all rotten.
According to the guidance of the tour guide, we came to the Su family compound located in Dongshaoyao Lane. This is a very distinctive and relatively well-protected dwelling in the ancient city of Yuzhou.
This house has a long history and contributed a lot to Yu County's application for "National Famous Historic and Cultural City".
On the wall is a detailed introduction to the Su Family Courtyard, which was written by Mr. Liu Guoquan, a folklore expert in Yu County.
The gate of the first courtyard of the Su Family Courtyard was set according to the location and opened facing north. Walking into the courtyard door is the small courtyard as the first space, facing a green brick carved screen wall, and on the west side of the screen wall is the second brick imitation wood carved corner door leading to the inner courtyard.
Go west and walk into the second corner door, which is the small courtyard of the second space. Because this is the courtyard where the concierge servants live, I call it the "gate courtyard". There is also a small brick imitation wood gate on the northwest side of the gate courtyard. This is the third corner gate. Entering this gate is the main courtyard.
Standing in the courtyard and looking towards the second corner door, the east wall next to the corner door is also a brick screen wall, and the patterns and carvings are more exquisite than the front screen wall.
On the north side of the gate courtyard, there is a one and a half main room, which is the guard house where the servants live.
Walking into the third corner door, it is a courtyard. The entire Su family courtyard is in the shape of "one master and four slaves", the main courtyard is in the middle, and there is a "slave courtyard" at each corner of the main courtyard. There are one and a half main rooms in the two courtyards in the northeast and northwest. The "gate courtyard" where the servants lived just now is the "cong courtyard" in the northeast corner. The front of the photo is the West Wing. The small door on the right leads to the "Congyuan" in the northwest corner. Its original function should be a guest room, but now it seems to be a kitchen.
The main courtyard of the Su Family Courtyard is square, with three-room single-eave tile-roofed houses built in the east, west, south, and north respectively. This is the east wing.
On the left side of the photo is the main house facing south in the main courtyard, which is taller and larger than the other houses, with owl kisses and cornices.
There are also two “subordinate courtyards” on both sides of the south house of the main courtyard. In each courtyard, there is a house facing north. The one on the right side of the photo is the southwest courtyard. The south house that used to be the “coal house” inside has collapsed.
Inside the small corner door is the southeast secondary courtyard used as a toilet. From the tiles, door forehead, and carvings on the brick door, you can still see the luxury of the rich and noble family back then.
The south house, which is three rooms wide, is already overwhelmed and crumbling.
Judging from the outer wall, the Su Family Courtyard must have belonged to a wealthy family back then, but the vicissitudes of the years have left us with only this dilapidated courtyard.
On the north side of the Su Family Courtyard, across the street is Wenwei Academy.
In the 40th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1775 AD, Jin Rongfan, the magistrate of Weizhou, donated money to build Rongfan Academy on the basis of the original Dongxiang Yixue, which was later destroyed by war.
In 2012, the government funded the construction of the Weizhou Wenwei Academy Museum on the original site of Rongfan Academy, covering an area of 1,775 square meters. The museum focuses on Jin Rongfan's "Wenwei Academy" and uses the sand table to show the original appearance of Rongfan Academy. At the same time, it shows the development history of Yu County education.
It's a pity that the gate of this scenic spot is also closed. I put the selfie stick into the crack of the door and took this photo. During tourism, the selfie stick can not only be used for selfies, but also play a role in many aspects.
Gongdao Lane is neither wide nor long, and the old houses are concentrated, but it feels that there is a lack of overall planning. The old houses have not been repaired, and new houses are being built one after another. It looks a bit nondescript.
When we came out of Gongdao Lane, it was almost time for the team to gather. We quickly had a simple lunch and drove to the meeting place as soon as possible. It was also the first scenic spot visited by the group - Weizhou Museum. 【To be continued】
