In August 2007, we traveled to Xinjiang with a group. We took a flight from Nanjing to Lanzhou, Gansu, and Dunhuang City, Gansu the next day. We went to Mogao Grottoes, Crescent Spring, Mingsha Mountain, Yumen Pass, and Yadan Devil City. Then take the train from Dunhuang to Turpan, Xinjiang, and start our trip to northern Xinjiang...Northern Xinjiang is the northern part of Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Altay, Tacheng, Changji, Yili, Bortala and other regions wait. The Tianshan Mountains divide Xinjiang into two major parts, the north and the south, and the north of the Tianshan Mountains is called Northern Xinjiang. The geographical feature of Xinjiang is "three mountains and two basins". The northernmost part of Xinjiang is the Altai Mountains, the central part is the Tianshan Mountains, and the southernmost part is the Kunlun Mountains. Between the Altai Mountains and the Tianshan Mountains is the Junggar Basin, and between the Tianshan Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains is the Tarim Basin. Xinjiang is a good place, with its vast land, rich resources, melons and fruits, mountains, grasslands, Gobi desert, and beautiful scenery in northern Xinjiang.

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, referred to as Xinjiang, is located in the northwestern border of China and its capital is Urumqi. It is one of the five ethnic minority autonomous regions in China and the largest provincial administrative region in China. It covers an area of ​​1.66 million square kilometers, accounting for one-sixth of China's total land area. . Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent, with a land border of more than 5,600 kilometers. It is surrounded by Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Mongolia, India, and Afghanistan. It is an important passage of the ancient Silk Road in history. , is now the second "Asia-Europe Continental Bridge" must pass through, the strategic location is very important. There are currently 47 ethnic groups in Xinjiang, mainly inhabited by Uyghur, Han, Kazakh, Hui, Mongolian, Kirgiz, Xibe, Tajik, Uzbek, Manchu, Daur, Tatar, Russian and other ethnic groups. It is one of the five ethnic minority autonomous regions in China.

The name Xinjiang has another meaning. After Zuo Zongtang recovered Xinjiang from Agubai in 1878, the Tsarist Russian invaders were forced to return the Yili area in 1882. Therefore, Zuo Zongtang strongly advocated the establishment of provinces in the north and south of Tianshan Mountains. In his memorial to the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, he said that Xinjiang was "forced by other tribes, and the homeland is returned to". Therefore, taking Xinjiang as the name of the province has a new meaning. That is to say, Xinjiang has been an inherent territory of China since ancient times, but because it was newly recovered from the lost lands of Yaguba and Tsarist Russia, Xinjiang was named as the province, which means "the homeland is returned". In 1884, Xinjiang was established as a province and officially named Xinjiang Province. The word "Xinjiang" has become a noun specifically referring to the Western Regions from oral tradition and has officially become a special term referring to the Western Regions of China, which is still used today. Urumqi is the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, an important central city in Northwest my country and an international business center facing Central Asia and West Asia. It is the political, economic, cultural, scientific, educational and transportation center of Xinjiang. The city covers an area of ​​14,216.3 square kilometers, governs 7 districts and 1 county, and has a permanent population of 3.53 million at the end of 2014. "Urumqi" is Mongolian, meaning "beautiful pasture". Urumqi is located in the northwest of China, in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent, adjacent to the countries of Central Asia. Today it is the most inland large city (2,500 km) in the world and the furthest from the ocean and coastline.

Xinjiang is the hometown of singing and dancing, the hometown of melons and fruits, and the country of gold and jade. There are 56 types of national tourism resources in Xinjiang, accounting for 83% of the national tourism resources. There are more than 1,100 scenic spots in Xinjiang, ranking first in the country. There is the world's second highest peak at an altitude of 8,600 meters, and the lowest depression in China, which is 154 meters below sea level.

The Eighth Route Army Xinjiang Office Memorial Hall is located at No. 392 Shengli Road, Urumqi City, with a construction area of ​​503.6 square meters and an area of ​​1,100 square meters. In 1962, the old site was listed as an autonomous region-level cultural relics protection unit by the municipal government, named "Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Hall". In October 1965, it was renamed "Eight Route Army Xinjiang Office Memorial Hall". The education base was listed as one of the "National Youth Education" bases by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League in 2000.

The Memorial Hall of the Eighth Route Army's Xinjiang Office is a two-story yellow building with a combination of Chinese and Western styles, civil structure, and blue bricks. There is a gazebo on the south side of the roof, from which you can have a bird's-eye view of the city. Dozens of poplars, pines and cypresses and apricot trees in the courtyard, together with various flowers in the garden, give people a quiet and elegant feeling. In 1938, the Xinjiang Office of the Eighth Route Army moved to work here. Chen Yun, Deng Fa, and Chen Tanqiu served as three party representatives, and successively presided over the work here. At that time, some senior cadres of the Yan'an Party Central Committee stopped here on their way to the Soviet Union or on their way back to the Soviet Union. Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao, Ren Bishi, Wang Jiaxiang, Cai Chang, Liu Yalou, Yang Zhihua, Kong Yuan and other comrades all lived here. There are exhibitions of revolutionary deeds of revolutionary martyrs Chen Tanqiu, Mao Zemin, Lin Jilu, Qiao Guozhen, Wu Maolin and other comrades (the above statues).

The Hongguangshan Great Buddha Temple is located in Hongguang Mountain near Kazi Bay in the north of Urumqi. The Hongguangshan Great Buddha Temple complex was built in 2002 and completed in 2010. It took 8 years and is the largest Chinese Buddhist temple in Northwest China.

Xinjiang International Grand Bazaar was completed on June 26, 2003. It is the largest Grand Bazaar in the world (Uighur, meaning bazaar, farmer's market). It integrates Islamic culture, architecture, ethnic commerce, entertainment, and catering. The gathering place and exhibition center of tourism products are "Window of Xinjiang", "Window of Central Asia" and "Window of the World". In 2004, it was selected as one of the "Top Ten Buildings" in Urumqi City. It has a strong Islamic architectural style. On the basis of covering the functionality of the building and the sense of the times, it reproduces the prosperity of the ancient Silk Road and embodies the strong ethnic characteristics of the Western Regions and Regional Culture.


Grand Bazaar at night

In the market of the Grand Bazaar, there are a variety of local products such as dried melons and fruits

Since Urumqi is the capital of Xinjiang, not only the whole Xinjiang, but also the tastes of all parts of the country can be found here, such as Uyghur hand-picked rice, naan, ramen, roast mutton, baked buns, yoghurt, Youtazi, Hui sliced, mixed Noodles, noodle soup, crispy buns, stewed noodles, fried noodles, jelly, Mongolian finger meat, cheese, milk tofu, mutton stew, hot pot, bacon, scones, fried cakes, Russian bread, biscuits, dairy products Wait, all of them are mouth watering and appetite greatly increased.

Xinjiang has been known as the "hometown of singing and dancing" since ancient times. The Uygur, Kazakh, Kirgiz, Tajik, Mongolian, Xibe, Manchu, Uzbek, Tatar, Russian and other nationalities living here can sing and dance well. As early as the Han Dynasty in the second century BC, Khotan music and dance had been introduced to the Central Plains, which played a certain role in promoting the music and dance art of the Central Plains.

Tianshan Tianchi Scenic Area is a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction. Located in Fukang City, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, about 110 kilometers away from Urumqi, it is an alpine lake formed by ancient glacial debris flow blocking the river course. It is located on the mountainside of Bogda Peak, the highest peak in the eastern Tianshan section of Xinjiang. Shaped with an area of ​​about 4.9 square kilometers, it is a world-famous alpine lake. Bogda Peak in Tianshan Mountain is 5,445 meters above sea level, covered with snow all the year round and stretched by glaciers. Tianchi is located in the upper reaches of Sangong River on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain, with an altitude of more than 1,900 meters. There are dense forests and green grass beside the lake. With different altitudes, it can be divided into four natural zones: glacial snow-covered zone, alpine subalpine zone, mountain coniferous forest zone, and low mountain zone. In Tianchi, you can enjoy the scenery of snow mountains, forests, clear water, lawns and flowers at the same time. There are also scenic spots such as Xiaotianchi, Denggan Mountain, and Shixia nearby. Tianchi Stone was called "Yaochi" in ancient times, and it was named Tianchi with the meaning of "Tianjing" and "Shenchi" in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty.

Tianchi has beautiful scenery in four seasons. Throughout the ages, literati and ink writers often recite poems and prose, which are highly praised. It is said that more than 3,000 years ago, Emperor Mu had a banquet and sang songs with the Queen Mother of the West on the bank of Tianchi Lake, leaving a good story through the ages, which earned Tianchi the reputation of "Yaochi". In the early 1970s, Guo Moruo accompanied Prince Norodom Sihanouk on a tour, and recited the poem "a pool of thick ink sinks to the bottom of the inkstone, and ten thousand trees with long hairs stand upright" by the lake. In the Qing Dynasty, "Eight Great Temples" such as Tiewa Temple and Niangniang Temple were built around Tianchi, but all of them have disappeared. Afterwards, the Niangniang Temple was restored by donations for the use of pilgrims. Around the Tianchi Lake, there are eight major scenic spots: "Shimen Line", "Longtan Biyue", "Three Stones Dingtian", "Dinghai Shenzhen", "Nanshan Wangxue", "Xishan Xiansong", "Haifeng Exhibition", and "Xuanquan Waterfall". landscape. It attracts a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists every year. In winter, Tianchi is covered with snow, covered with silver, and the lake is as hard as jade. It is a rare alpine skating rink in the country.

Tianchi Scenic Area, with Tianchi as the center, integrates forests, grasslands, snow-capped mountains, and cultural landscapes into one, forming a unique scenery feature. It starts from Shimen in the north, reaches Xuexian in the south, reaches Maya Mountain in the west, and reaches Dadonggou in the east, with a total area of ​​160 square kilometers. Standing on a high place and looking far away, there are green waves rising and falling, and the blue waves hang high in the middle of the mountain, just like a jade lamp being held high by the giant hand of the rock mountain. There are green pines and cypresses along the coast, jagged rocks, covered with smoke; the surrounding mountains are covered with green grass, and flocks of sheep are wandering; there are also thousand-year-old ice peaks, covered in silver, and they are extremely majestic. The whole lake and mountains are beautiful.

Three kilometers west of Tianchi Lake is Denggan Mountain, which is 2718 meters above sea level and 3 kilometers long. Laojun Temple and Dongyue Temple were built here. At that time, a Taoist priest erected a pine pole on the top of the mountain, and hung a sky lantern on it. Looking from the west of the lamppost, you can have a panoramic view of Urumqi, especially when the lanterns are first lit, it is a lot of fun to see the lights of thousands of families in Urumqi from a distance.


There are three water surfaces in Tianchi. In addition to the main lake, there are two water surfaces on the east and west sides. The east side is the East Small Tianchi, which was named Heilongtan in ancient times. It is located 500 meters east of Tianchi! It is the place where Queen Mother of the West bathes and freshens, so it is also known as "washing stream" and "bath fairy basin". At the bottom of the pool is a cliff of hundreds of feet, with waterfalls flying straight down, just like a long rainbow descending from the sky, which is really spectacular and helps to form a scene of "hanging spring Yaohong". On the west side is the West Small Tianchi, also known as Yunvtan, which is said to be the place where the Queen Mother of the West washes her feet. It is located two kilometers northwest of Tianchi. The West Small Tianchi Lake is shaped like a full moon, with clear and deep water, surrounded by Tasong. If the bright moon is in the sky, the still shadow sinks to the wall, and the clear scenery is infinite, so there is also a scene: "Longtan Biyue". There is also a waterfall flying on the side of the pool, tens of meters high, like the Milky Way falling to the ground, spewing pearls and splashing jade, which is called "Jade Belt Silver Curtain". There is Wentao Pavilion on the pool, and it is very interesting to climb the pavilion and watch the waterfall. The eyes can see the curtains rolling over the pool, the pines are green and the water is green; the ears can hear the water hitting the rocks and the sound shaking the rift.

Two kilometers southwest of Tianchi Lake, there is Maya Mountain, which is 3056 meters above sea level and 5 kilometers long. The Stone Forest of Maya Mountain is a must in the Tianchi Scenic Area. Under the erosion of the wind, those huge stones form a unique horse-tooth landscape. Layer upon layer rolled like the waves of the sea. One of the stones looks very much like an ancient herdsman, with a felt hat on his head and a peaceful expression. Walking into the stone forest always makes you daydream. On the top of Maya Mountain, you can see Tianchi Lake in the north, and you can see beautiful scenery everywhere; Bogda in the east, you can have a panoramic view of the three peaks in the snowy sea;

Turpan City is a prefecture-level city affiliated to the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located in the central and eastern part of Xinjiang, the intermountain basin in the eastern part of the Tianshan Mountains, also known as "Fire Island". Adjacent to Heshuo, Yuli, and Ruoqiang counties, across the Tianshan Mountains to the north, it connects to Urumqi City and Qitai, Jimsar, and Mulei counties in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. hub. As of 2009, the jurisdiction covers an area of ​​70,049 square kilometers, governing Gaochang District, Shanshan County and Tuokesun County, with a total of 26 townships, 2 sub-districts, and 172 administrative villages, with a population of 614,616 (2009).

The Huoyan Mountain in Turpan is the hottest place in the country. The highest temperature in summer is as high as 47.8 degrees Celsius, and the highest surface temperature is as high as 70 degrees Celsius. Eggs can be baked in the sand nest. Due to the rupture of the crustal movement and the cutting of the river, many valleys are left in the mountainside, but these valleys are shaded by greenery, beautiful scenery, gurgling water, and fragrant melons and fruits. Huoyan Mountain has its unique natural features, and in the late Ming Dynasty, Wu Chengen blocked Tang Sanzang from learning Buddhist scriptures, and Sun Wukong wrote the story of borrowing banana fans three times into the famous ancient novel "Journey to the West", which made Huoyan Mountain full of magic and became a strange mountain in the world. When visitors go to the Flame Mountain, they can still see the horse-suspending post when Tang Seng passed by - a volleying mountain stone still stands in Shengjinkou; a flat-topped hillside in the distance is the stepping stone for Tang Seng to mount a horse; , across the canyon, there is a peak on top of a huge boulder that looks like a long mouth, known as Bajie Stone.

The golden cudgel is the largest thermometer in the world. It is located in the Flame Mountain Scenic Area in Turpan, Xinjiang, in the center of the underground palace in the Flame Mountain Scenic Area. This three-dimensional thermometer, completed on August 16, 2004, is called the "Golden Cudgel", which was awarded the most in the Guinness Book of World Records. The giant thermometer has a diameter of 0.65 meters, a height of 12 meters, and a temperature display height of 5.4 meters. It can actually measure the surface temperature and air temperature within 100 degrees Celsius, and the error does not exceed plus or minus 0.5 degrees.

Grape Valley has beautiful scenery. It is in stark contrast with the outside of the ditch. As soon as you enter the mouth of the ditch, you will be covered with greenery and lush grape fields all over the mountains and valleys. Streams, canal water, and spring drops add infinite poetic charm to the valley. Mulberry, peach, apricot, apple, pomegranate, pear, fig, walnut, various watermelons, melons, elm, poplar, willow, pagoda tree and other trees are all over the place. In the ditch, the grape ditch has become "Hundred Gardens" and "Hundred Orchards". In spring, there are blooming flowers; in midsummer, there are many fruits. In the ditch, vines are intertwined, winding paths lead to secluded places, and bunches of grapes are within reach. Grape Valley is about 8 kilometers long from north to south and half a kilometer wide. There are more than 6,000 people of Uyghur, Hui and Han people.


The ancient city of Gaochang, known as Yidu Moocheng in Uighur, means "king city", was once the capital of the Gaochang Kingdom, and is located in Sanbao Township, more than 40 kilometers east of Turpan City. The ancient city of Gaochang is huge and spectacular. With a total area of ​​2 million square meters, it is the largest ancient city site preserved in the ancient Western Regions. In 1961, the ancient city of Gaochang was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Gaochang (Uyghur: Qara-hoja), an ancient country in the Western Regions, is located between Sanbao Township and Erbao Township of Karakhoja (about 27 kilometers east-south of Turpan City, Xinjiang) (312 National Highway Flaming Mountain Scenic Area South 4 kilometers), it was the transportation hub of the Western Regions in ancient times. Along the North Road of Tianshan South Road, it is the hub of east-west traffic, and also one of the political, economic and cultural centers of ancient Xinjiang. Gaochang historical documents, there is "New Book of Tang Gaochang Biography" which has more detailed records. From the middle of the 5th century to the middle of the 7th century AD, in this narrow Turpan Basin, four independent kingdoms appeared successively, namely Gaochang of the Kan family, Gaochang of the Zhang family, Gaochang of the Ma family and Gaochang of the Qu family. Gaochang Ancient City is located in the Mutougou River Delta at the southern foot of the Flame Mountain, 27 kilometers east of Turpan City. It was built in the Han Dynasty in the 1st century BC. It is one of the treasures of the world's religious culture. The ancient city of Gaochang has a rectangular shape with a circumference of 5.4 kilometers and is divided into three parts: the outer city, the inner city and the palace city. The base of the outer wall is 12 meters wide and the wall is 11.5 meters high. It was built by rams. There are nine city gates in the whole city, and the west and north gates are the best preserved. Gaochang City was abandoned during the war at the end of the 13th century, and most of the buildings disappeared. At present, there are two temple ruins in the southwest and southeast corners of the outer city that are well preserved. There is a small irregular square castle in the middle of the northern part of the inner city, which is called "Khan Castle" by local people.

Jiaohe Ancient City - is the world's largest, oldest and best-preserved earthen building city, and also the most complete urban relic in my country for more than 2,000 years. In 1961, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Kaner, Yijing Point, is a special irrigation system in desert areas; it is common in the Turpan area of ​​Xinjiang, China. Karez, the Great Wall and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal are known as the three major projects in ancient China. There are nearly a thousand Karez wells in Turpan, with a total length of about 5,000 kilometers. The structure of Karez is generally composed of four parts: vertical shaft, underground channel, surface channel and "laoba" (small reservoir). The Bogda Mountain in the north of the Turpan Basin and the Karawucheng Mountain in the west have spring and summer seasons. A lot of snow and rain flowed down the valley and dived under the Gobi Desert. People use the slope of the mountain to skillfully create Karez wells to irrigate farmland with subsurface flow. Kaner does not evaporate a large amount of water due to heat and strong winds, so the flow is stable and gravity irrigation is guaranteed. Karez was recorded as early as in "Historical Records", and it was called "jingqu" at that time. Most of the existing Karez wells in Turpan were built successively since the Qing Dynasty. Today, there are still large areas of oasis fertile land being watered. Wudaolin Kanerjing in the suburbs of Turpan and Karez in Wuxing Township are available for sightseeing. The provinces in the mainland of China have different names; for example, Shaanxi is called "jingqu", Shanxi is called "water lane", Gansu is called "hundred eye string well", and some places are called "underground channel."

Qiancai Ancient Castle Wucai Bay is located in the north of Jimsar County, Changji Prefecture. In a Gobi desert, there is a colorful world, that is, Wucai Bay, which is famous for its weirdness, mystery and magnificence. This is a masterpiece of nature. For thousands of years, due to the movement of the earth's crust, an extremely thick coal seam has been formed here. After several vicissitudes, the sand and stone covering the surface were eroded by wind and rain, exposing the coal seam, and burning out under the action of lightning and sunlight, forming the coal seam. This bizarre natural landscape.


Wucai Bay, with a radius of about 3 square kilometers, is a low hill group composed of mud of various colors such as deep red, yellow, orange, green, blue gray, gray green, gray black, and gray white, interbedded with shale. After thousands of years of wind and rain, it has been divided into isolated hills. The height ratio between ridges and valleys is generally 10 meters to 30 meters, and the height can exceed 40 meters. However, the hillside is covered with grooves, resembling fortresses, palaces, pavilions, colorful and dizzying.

The landforms in this area are undulating and varied, some resemble mighty lions, some resemble pagodas, some are as elegant as maids, some are shaped like barking dogs... and some are like winding roads winding hundreds of meters away. Reckless roaming dragon. They are the creations of God or the devil. Under the scorching sun at noon, they appear like a pale yellow of the prehistoric era like a miracle. Ascending before the sunset, the colorful city bay is lit by the setting sun, and it is in full swing, which makes people feel excited. Because of its shape like a city wall and the shape of an ancient castle, it is also known as the "Colorful City".

Huoshao Mountain in Wucai Bay is one of the more unique landscapes. Its mountain is not all dark red, only the gravel on the mountain is dark red; the stones here are not formed by natural deposition, but It is red because of the self-combustion of underground coal seams. This kind of mountain color formation can only be seen in a few places in Xinjiang.

Burqin County is located in the northern part of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, at the southern foot of the Altai Mountains, north of the Junggar Basin, on the banks of the Irtysh River, bordering Kazakhstan, Russia, and Mongolia in the north and northeast. It is the only place to pass through the two border trade ports in the northwest of Xinjiang. There is an ideal port on the border with Russia, which is of great development value, and it is the only closest channel to open economic and trade exchanges between Northwest China and Russia. Burqin County has the first of the five major landscapes in Xinjiang. The unique scenery of Burqin County is the first of the five natural landscapes in Xinjiang. Primitive forests, gorgeous grasslands, fascinating alpine snowfields, exquisite Yadan landforms, unique rare wild animal and plant resources, and long-standing and simple cultural relics. The only Palearctic animal and plant distribution area in China, the Kanas Natural Ecological Landscape Area known as "the only Swiss scenery in Asia", is located in this county.

Kanas is located in the Altay region of northern Xinjiang. It is a comprehensive scenic spot integrating glaciers, lakes, forests, grasslands, pastures, rivers, ethnic customs, and rare animals and plants. It is known as "Oriental Switzerland, a paradise for photographers". "Kanas" is Mongolian, meaning "beautiful, rich and mysterious". Here, the magnificent glaciers reflect the tranquil lake water, and the vast grassland contains the deep virgin forest. The mysterious lake monsters, quaint Tuva people, changing lake water, and dazzling scenery all fascinate people. In Kanas, there are mainly three places to visit: Kanas Lake, Hemu Village and Baihaba Village. Kanas Lake is the core attraction, including the mysterious Kanas Lake Monster, Shenxian Bay, Wolong Bay, and Moon Bay. Hemu and Baihaba are both local villages. They have the style of a small Swiss town and are a fairyland on earth. Many people think that these two villages are the essence of Kanas. Kanas Scenic Area is not only rich in natural resources and biological species, but also has a unique tourist environment and cultural resources. Kanas has the majestic scenery of the north and the delicate scenery of the south. In addition, there is also a "sea of ​​clouds and Buddha light". , "Chameleon Lake", "Driftwood Causeway", "Lake Monster" and other scenic and superb scenery can be described as the best scenery and fairy scenery in the Western Regions. To the north of the lake are the snow-capped Kuitun Mountains and the towering Friendship Peak. There are many mountains and mountains around the lake, and the mountains and forests are like picturesque screens. The different flora are layered and varied in color. Every autumn, thousands of trees compete for splendor: golden yellow, deep red, and dark green. The shrubs in the forest are leafy, and moss and weeds are everywhere on the dead leaves and rotten trees. The glade and meadow are like fungus, and the mountain flowers are bright. Feng Jingbo usually looks like a pool of emeralds in the lake, but it changes to different colors as the weather changes, and it also changes its style from morning to dawn. Whenever the smoke and clouds are lingering, Xuefeng and Chunshan are looming, as if a world away. Climb the Luotuo Peak in the Hunan section in the early morning after the rain in July and August, and you can see the wonders of the cable Buddha.

The annual precipitation of Kanas Lake is about 1000 mm, and the maximum precipitation zone is 2100 meters above sea level. Winter is long and snowfall is abundant, and frost usually begins to appear in early August. At altitudes above 1,400 meters, snowfall begins in late August; at altitudes above 3,000 meters, snowfall begins in early August, and lasts until late May or early June of the following year. The snowfall period lasts for about 8 months, and the snow depth can reach 1-2 meters. The number of snowfall days is generally more than 73 days, and the stable snow accumulation period is about 200 days. The snow line is distributed at an altitude of about 2850 meters. The annual evaporation is about 1000 mm, roughly equal to the precipitation. The air humidity in Kanas Lake is relatively high, and the relative humidity is generally 59%-90%. The humidity increases with the elevation, and the humidity in the forest can generally reach more than 90%.

Kanas Lake is 1,374 meters above sea level, with a water storage capacity of 5.38 billion cubic meters, ranking third among freshwater lakes in China. The deepest part of the lake has an elevation of 1,181.5 meters and a depth of 188.5 meters. It is the deepest moraine barrier lake in China; There are many cliff rocks on both sides, and the traces of faults are clear; on the plane of the lake, the north side is northeast-oriented, and the south is in a zigzag shape interlaced with north-east-southeast-west. The result of the joint action of the fault depression. Kanas Lake is the only Arctic Ocean water system in China. The lake water comes from the melting glaciers of Kuitun, Youyi Peak and other mountains and local precipitation, and flows into Kanas Lake from the surface or underground.

The shape of Kanas Lake is crescent, and the landscapes of the lake area mainly include Tuojing Bay, Bianshi Lake, Wolong Bay, etc.; there are rare fishes such as jellyfish and leptospirosis.


Kanas Lake is an alpine lake formed by Quaternary glaciers. In 2009, it was named "China's Most Beautiful Lake" by "China National Geography".

Camel Neck Bay is located one kilometer south of Kanas Lake. It is the water inlet of Kanas Lake and the birthplace of Kanas River. The Kanas River forms a big bend like a hunchback here. The Kanas River forms a zigzag bend here, turning from southeast to southwest and then east again. The river bends sharply and the valley is deep, and the current is turbulent. At the beginning of the first turn, there is a shuttle-shaped river island, and at the second turn, a rapids are formed. The east bank of the river is a meadow, and the west bank of the river is a virgin forest.

Wolong Bay is located on the way from Burqin County to Kanas, 140 kilometers away from the county seat and 10 kilometers away from Kanas. It is the outlet of Kanas Lake. Covering an area of ​​about 9 hectares, the center of the river bend is a lush sandbar, resembling a giant dragon lying quietly in the water, hence the name Wolong Bay. The lake is surrounded by dense forests, and the boulders at the entrance of the lake reach the middle stream. At the outlet of the lake, there is a wooden bridge flying from east to west. Standing on the bridge, to the north is the mirror-like Wolong Bay and to the south is the galloping Kanas River.

Color-changing Lake is located in the center of Kanas Lake. In spring and summer, the lake water changes color with the seasons and weather. From opening in April and May to freezing and snowing the lake in November, the lake shows different colors in different seasons. In May, the lake water melted with ice and snow, and the lake water was dark and blue-gray; in June, the lake water turned green with the plants in Zhoushan Mountain, and was light green or blue; after July, it was the flood period, and the white lake water in the upper reaches of Baihu Lake was replenished in large quantities. From emerald green to milky white with a slight blue-green color; in August, the lake water is affected by rainfall, showing dark green; in September and October, the supply of the lake water is significantly reduced, the surrounding plants are colorful, and a pool of emerald lake water dazzling.

According to the legend of the lake monster, a long time ago, Genghis Khan passed through Kanas Lake on his expedition to the west. When he saw such a beautiful place, he decided to stay here for a while to rest and recuperate. Genghis Khan drank the lake water, which was so deep that he quenched his thirst, so he asked his generals what kind of water it was. A wise general replied: "This is Kanausi (the Mongolian word means the water of Khan)." All the soldiers replied in unison: "This is the water of Khan." Genghis Khan said: "Then Let’s call this lake Kanawus.” So in the legend of the Tuva people, they are the descendants of Genghis Khan. After Genghis Khan's death, his body sank in Kanas Lake. Tuva people, as Genghis Khan's personal soldiers, stayed in Kanas Lake and guarded the royal tomb for generations. The "Lake Monster" is the "Lake Saint" who defended the undead of Genghis Khan from infringement.

Guanyutai Guanyutai, the round-trip shuttle bus is 120 yuan/person, it is a must-see spot in Kanas, it was first built in 1987, and it was called Guanyutai after this reconstruction. Why is it called Guanyutai? I think there are three reasons. First of all, those who call the pavilion must have the top pavilion larger than the bottom platform, and this reconstruction is because the bottom platform is larger than the top pavilion, and the platform is larger than the pavilion, so of course it should be called a platform. In addition, Pavilion is suspected of being self-enclosed, while Taiwan is open to the outside world, which is in line with the requirements of the progress of the times. Secondly, compared with the word pavilion, the homophony is too particular. For ordinary people, the pavilion is stopped, and the platform is lifted. I spend money to travel in order to seek happiness and auspiciousness. Why should I stop and not lift it? Who doesn't want to make progress in life and achieve success in career after traveling in Kanas? Again, looking up at Guanyutai from the lake at the bottom of the mountain, it is just like an incense platform sitting on the west mountain. If there are clouds and mist in the sky or the scene of sunset and sunset, the clouds on the incense burner platform will be filled with auspicious clouds and fairy spirit. These three are the reasons why calling a table is better than calling a booth. Climb to Guan Yutai is the last exclamation point in the Kanas travel itinerary. It is not enough to appreciate the ultimate beauty of Kanas without going to the Guanyutai; it is not enough to understand the true meaning of life without going to the Guanyutai.

The freshwater fish used for ornamental purposes in Kanas Lake mainly include Altaic wood frog, polar viper, viviparous lizard, rock ptarmigan, common grouse, jelly salmon (commonly known as big red fish), lemur, burbot, Arctic catfish, Siberian bream, etc. The cold-water fish used for food mainly include pike, wudaohei, flat flower, and small white strips. Among them, wudaohei (scientific name "red perch") is endangered due to large-scale fishing, and it is mainly used for ornamental fish breeding. Kanas Lake is mainly for tourism, and the cold water of the lake is not suitable for a large number of fish farming, so the fish production is very small, and it is mostly used as gifts. [

Hemu Village is the Hemu Scenic Spot located in Burqin County, Xinjiang. Kanas is the concentrated living place of the Tuva people, and it is the oldest of the only 3 remaining Tuva villages (Hemu Village, Kanas Village and Baihaba Village). The farthest and largest village, the houses here are all made of logs, full of primitive flavor.

The wooden houses in Hemu Village are very distinctive: they are built by villagers digging grooves at both ends of the wood, interlocking each other, and building one by one upwards. The roof generally adopts a herringbone sloping roof. The doors of every house are opened to the east, and when building a new house, a white cloth is pulled, which the locals say is to pray for blessings. In the houses they built with pine wood, the joints of each wood gap must be filled with a kind of grass called "Nook", which expands after absorbing water and fills the gap. , the walls will become airtight, which will keep out the wind and cold. They don't cut down live trees.

The Tuva people are an ancient ethnic group in my country, who live on nomadism and hunting. For nearly 400 years, they have settled on the banks of Kanas Lake. They are brave and strong, good at riding, skiing, singing and dancing, and they basically maintain a relatively primitive way of life. Wooden houses built of logs, scattered in the village, small bridges and flowing water, smoke from cooking, and fragrance of milk wine. The quaint village scenery is as mysterious as Kanas Lake.

Yumenguan, commonly known as Xiaofangpan City, is said to be named after the beautiful Khotan jade was imported to the Central Plains. Located in Dunhuang City at the west end of the Hexi Corridor, about 90 kilometers northwest of Dunhuang City, it is one of the two passes in the west of the Han Dynasty. portal.


The establishment of Yumen Pass began in the time of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, with a history of more than 2,000 years. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the warlike Huns have been a great threat to the Han people. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu defeated the Donghu in the east, chased the Yuezhi in the west, occupied Hexi, and used Hexi as a base to repeatedly violate the Han territory. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, it adopted a kinship policy with the Xiongnu in an attempt to exchange for temporary peace. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty abandoned the peace policy, he launched a large-scale military counterattack against the Xiongnu. In the second year of Yuanshou (121 BC), General Huo Qubing led his troops to march westward, which dealt a heavy blow to the right of the Xiongnu. In the same year, the Han Dynasty divided Hexi into two counties, Wuwei and Jiuquan. In the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC), Zhangye and Dunhuang counties were added, and Yumen Pass and Yang Pass were built at the same time. Since then, Yumen Pass and Yang Pass have become important passes established by the Western Han Dynasty in the west of the Hexi Corridor.

On the way from Urumqi to Turpan, traveling south along the road, on both sides of the road leading to Dabancheng, an important town on the Silk Road, hundreds of wind turbines stand in the sky, whirling in the wind, contrasting with the blue sky and white clouds. Against the background of majesty and beauty, on the vast wilderness, a magnificent world of windmills is formed. Here is currently the largest wind energy base in my country - Xinjiang Dabancheng Wind Power Plant.

90 kilometers away from the west of Yumen Pass in Gansu Province, there is a Yadan landform community with a typical appearance. It is about 25 kilometers long from east to west and 1-2 kilometers wide from north to south. city. Its whole looks like an ancient medieval city. This special "castle" has walls, streets, buildings, squares, churches, and sculptures. These masterpieces of nature can be called uncanny workmanship and wonderful.

Many famous buildings in the world of the Ocean Fleet can be found here in miniature, such as the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, the Potala Palace in Tibet, the pyramids in Egypt, the Sphinx, the yurts on the grassland, and the mosques in Arabia. The general, the desert lion, the peacock, the silk road camel fleet, the fleet voyage, the fish going to sea, the mainstay... can't be described enough.

Being in it is like entering the World Museum of Architecture and Art, which makes people dizzy and amazed. These masterpieces of nature can be called uncanny workmanship, incomparably wonderful, and admirable. In the past, due to the vastness of the Gobi and the dangerous roads, few people set foot in this place. There are many people in Dunhuang who have heard it, but few have seen it. With the completion of the highway from Dunhuang to Yumenguan Yadan Devil City, conditions have been created for the emergence of this geographical wonder. .

不到新疆不知天地之大，不到南疆就等于没到新疆。新疆是歌舞之乡、瓜果之乡、黄金玉石之邦。新疆就有56种全国旅游资源类型，占全国旅游资源类型的83%。全疆共有景点一千一百余处，居全国首位。这里有海拔8600米的世界第二高峰，又有低于海平面154米的中国最低洼地。由于新疆占中国土地面积六分之一，一次不可能走遍全新疆，所以有机会再来一次南疆游……南疆即新疆的南部，囊括了塔里木盆地、昆仑山脉新疆部分以及吐鲁番盆地。这里是亚欧大陆腹地，离海洋最远的地方，终年气候干燥，中国最大的塔克拉玛干沙漠就位于这里。自古以来南疆就是一个多民族聚居的地区，维吾尔、塔吉克等民族的艺术和风情绚丽多彩，构 成了具有浓郁民族特色的人文景观。在古丝绸之路的南、中两条干线上留下的数以百计的古城池、古墓葬、千佛洞等古迹昭示着历史的悠久与沧桑。