After the Central Red Army crossed the Jinsha River north, it entered Huili County, Sichuan. On May 12, 1935, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo in Huili (that is, the Huili meeting). The meeting criticized Lin Biao's erroneous opinion that Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Zhou Enlai should accompany the army to preside over the grand plan, and Peng Dehuai should be the commander of the former enemy. Mao Zedong pointed out in his speech: the lack of confidence in victory and the existence of doubts and dissatisfaction in the party due to the loss of the Central Soviet Area are a reflection of right-leaning thinking; changing the opinions of the central military leadership is contrary to the spirit of the Zunyi Conference. Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and others made speeches, supported Mao Zedong's opinions, praised Mao Zedong's military command, and pointed out: in a critical situation, due to the policy of going around in a big circle and maneuvering, they crossed Chishui four times, occupied Zunyi twice, pretended to attack Guiyang, and threatened Kunming. Only by crossing the Jinsha River did they get rid of the enemy's heavy encirclement. The meeting called for maintaining the unity of political leadership and military leadership established at the Zunyi Meeting, and overcoming rightist ideology. The meeting decided to go north immediately and join the Red Fourth Front Army.
On the morning of September 23, 2018, the tour group first visited the Huili Conference site.
The council meeting was held in the woods on the mountain.
A replica of the ferry used by the Red Army to cross the Jinsha River at Kyaukping is displayed in the memorial hall. Seeing this, I understand why there is a boat pattern on the emblem of the memorial hall.
Photos taken by Chairman Mao during the meeting.
Disintegrate the enemy army with revolutionary policies.
The group members went shopping in the ancient city of Huili and bought pomegranates.
On the evening of September 23, the tour group arrived in Mianning County and stayed at the Mianning Hotel.
On the morning of September 24, the tour group visited Mianning. Back then, after the Central Red Army crossed the Jinsha River, they had to cross the Dadu River if they wanted to continue northward. To reach the Dadu River, there are two roads to choose from: one is to take the main road, passing through Yuexi County, and cross the mountains guarded by the Kuomintang heavily in the middle; the other is to take the small road, passing through Mianning County, but passing through the Yi nationality area. Due to the historical reactionary rulers' discrimination and oppression of the Yi people, there was a deep gap between the Yi and Han people, and they did not allow Han troops to enter their territory. In 1863, when Shi Dakai led the Taiping Army through the Yi area, the entire army was wiped out by the Dadu River. One of the important reasons was that the relationship with the Yi people was not properly handled. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek judged that the Red Army must take the main road and dared not enter the Yi area. However, after Liu Bocheng listened to the report of the comrades of the underground party in Xichang on the local ethnic conflicts, he still suggested to the central government to pass through the Yi nationality area and was approved by the central government. On May 19, 1935, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission decided to form an advance team to forcibly cross the Dadu River, and appointed Liu Bocheng as the commander of the advance team and Luo Ruiqing as the political commissar. Before leaving, Mao Zedong instructed the advance team to implement the ethnic policy stipulated by the party and form an alliance with the leader of the Guoji family of the Yi nationality. He said to Liu Bocheng: The task of the advance team is not to fight, but to publicize the party's ethnic policy and use the appeal of the policy to achieve friendship with the Yi people. As long as our entire army implements discipline and the party's ethnic policy in an exemplary manner, and wins the trust and sympathy of the Yi people, the Yi people will not beat us, and will help us pass through the Yi area and cross the Dadu River first. On May 22, the Central Red Army, led by Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen, entered the Yi area. Liu Bocheng formed an alliance with Xiaoyedan, the leader of the Guoji family of the Yi nationality, and at the request of Xiaoyedan, awarded the banner of "Guji Detachment of the Chinese Barbarian Red Army". Xiaoyedan personally led the Yi people to escort the Red Army to Anshunchang, which gave the Red Army the opportunity to cross the Dadu River in the north.
In the Red Army Square in Mianning County, I took a group photo with local children.
Visit the Yihai Alliance Memorial Hall.
Mianning is the place where the glorious name "Long March" was born. According to textual research, the name "Long March" first appeared in the "Proclamation of the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants" issued by the commander-in-chief of the Red Army Zhu De in Mianning County in May 1935.
Xiaoyedan was killed by the Luohong tribe of the Yi nationality bought by the Kuomintang on June 18, 1942. Xiaoyedan's wife took the risk to save the team flag of the "Guji Detachment of the Chinese Barbarian Red Army", and dedicated it to the People's Government in the spring of 1950.
The beautiful Yihai Sea.
Back then, Liu Bocheng, the resourceful commander of the Red Army, formed an alliance with Xiaoye Dan, the daring leader of the Yi nationality.
Today, the gentle and refined members of the Gaozhi group took a group photo with the beautiful and intelligent Yi nationality commentator. The narrator who led us to visit all the way in Mianning County is the black Yi of the Yi nationality, probably a pure-blooded Yi people, or an aristocrat among the Yi people.
In the afternoon, the tour group visited the Red Army Ferry on the Dadu River. On the evening of May 24, 1935, the advance team of the Central Red Army occupied Anshunchang, and then took control of the Anshunchang Ferry. On May 25, seventeen warriors forcibly crossed the Dadu River successfully. On May 26, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De arrived at Anshun Field to listen to reports from Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen. In view of the deep water and fast current at Anshunchang Ferry, it is difficult for large troops to cross the river quickly, so it was decided that the main force of the Central Red Army rushed to seize the Luding Bridge, which was 160 kilometers away from Anshunchang. Lin Biao led the Second Division of the First Red Army and the Fifth Red Army to the left The column marched along the right bank (west bank) of the Dadu River; Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen led the first division of the Red Army Corps as the right column, marched along the left bank (east bank) of the Dadu River, coordinated with each other, and captured the Luding Bridge within a time limit.
The monument to the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants forcibly crossing the Dadu River.
The tour group left Anshunchang and came to Moxi Ancient Town in the south of Luding County. Moxi Ancient Town, located at the eastern foot of Gongga Mountain, was formerly known as "Moximian". The ancient town has a long history and is a gathering place of Han, Yi, Tibetan, Hui, Miao, Manchu, Xifan, Tujia and other ethnic groups.
Moxi Red Army Long March Exhibition Hall.
Moxi meeting. On May 29, 1935, the vanguard of the Red Army captured the Luding Bridge in Luding County. At 10 o'clock that night, Mao Zedong called Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Wang Jiaxiang, Zhang Wentian, Chen Yun, Bogu, Lin Biao, etc. to a meeting in the Priest Building of the Catholic Church in Moxi Town, and decided: the Red Army will not go to Kangding because the soldiers and food cannot be replenished; the troops will be informed Pass the Luding Bridge in an orderly manner, passing people first and then horses; after seeking Chen Yun's opinion, the central government plans to send him out of Sichuan to restore the party organization destroyed by the enemy in Shanghai, and then go to the Soviet Union to report the situation of the Chinese revolution to the Communist International; Supplementary food. The Moxi Conference played an important role in the passage of the Red Army through the Luding Bridge, and it was also a preparatory meeting for the Luding Conference to be held later.
The scene of "Chen Yun coming out of Sichuan" arranged in the exhibition hall. Chen Yun left the Long March team from Lingguan Town, Baoxing County on June 12, 1935, and headed for Shanghai.
The venue of the Moxi Conference - the Catholic Church. Chairman Mao's residence on the side of the Catholic Church.
In the evening, the tour group stays at the "Nine Big Bowls of Hailuogou" hotel.
Today is the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th of the lunar calendar. The tour group held a Mid-Autumn Festival party in the hotel, and each class performed on stage one by one. In the photo, a class is singing "Azalea".
On September 25, the tourist group arrived at Luding County from Moxi Ancient Town.
Flying to seize the Luding Bridge Warriors Monument.
The Red Army captured the Luding Bridge Memorial Hall.
Finally saw the Luding Bridge! On May 29, 1935, twenty-two warriors from the Fourth Regiment of the First Red Army, braved the dense bullets from the enemy on the other side, climbed up to the east bank of the Dadu River from the thirteen iron cables that had removed the bridge deck, and seized the bridgehead. Conquer Luding County. By June 2, all the Central Red Army had crossed the Dadu River, smashing Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to make the Central Red Army the "Second of Shi Dakai".
The bridgehead on the east side of Luding Bridge (on the county side).
The bridgehead on the west side of Luding Bridge.
Looking at Luding County from the west side of Luding Bridge. On May 31, 1935, the person in charge of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting in Luding County, and decided: the Central Red Army should go northward on the front line of snow-capped mountains and grasslands, avoiding densely populated areas; District Party Organization.
At noon, the tour group had dinner in Luding County. After lunch, group members sang popular songs with Luding aunts at Luding Bridge Square.
In the afternoon, the tour group traveled from Luding County to Baoxing County and stayed in Qiaoqi Tibetan Township. On June 8, 1935, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission issued the "Strategic Mission Instructions for the Reunion of the First and Fourth Front Armies", stating: "The basic task of our army is to use all efforts and regardless of all difficulties to achieve direct cooperation with the Fourth Front Army. Rendezvous." "Our army must break through the Lushan-Baoxing line with lightning speed to defend the enemy, take advantage of it, control the Xiaojinchuan River Basin in my hands, and regard it as the hub of advancement." On the same day, the Central Red Army captured Lushan and broke through the Kuomintang army. Lushan, Baoxing line of defense. On June 11, a part of the Central Red Army arrived in Qiaoqi Township, preparing to cross Jiajin Mountain, which is more than 4,000 meters above sea level and covered with snow all the year round, and march towards Maogong (now Xiaojin).
Take photos with Tibetans.
On September 26, our main itinerary was to cross Jiajin Mountain. Before crossing Jiajin Mountain, I visited the former residence of Mao Zedong and Zhu De in Zegen Village, Qiaoqi Township.
This is called "Doudi Jionggong Guozhuang Building".
Now, we have come to the foot of Jiajin Mountain.
Surrounded by clouds and mist, the bus winds up the mountain. In the video, someone said that it was the top of the mountain, but it was not. At this time, the bus was still halfway up the mountain.
The bus stopped at the mountainside, and we began to experience "climbing the snow mountain".
There are only clouds and mist but no snow.
There are only low and sparse weeds on the mountain, covered with dew; there are no trees, not even bushes.
The oldest member of the tour group—Ms. Lang in his seventies, walking with a pair of sticks, was at the very front of the line.
Jiajin Mountain is more than 4,000 meters above sea level, and individual group members have altitude sickness.
The hillside is slippery and someone slipped and fell.
The group member "Remote Mountain Fruit Farmer" has a gray beard on his chin and is as vigorous as a goat. During the trip, he kept taking pictures of everyone with the camera in his hand during the day, and wrote beautiful articles every night, recording the itinerary of the day and expressing his emotions. What is "revolutionaries are always young"? Teacher Lang in our tour group and this "remote mountain fruit farmer" are good examples!
Use hands and feet to climb up.
Pull forward and push back to come up.
The first class arrives.
The old members of the October Revolution are here.
At noon, bring your own dry food for lunch.
In the afternoon, on the way down the mountain, the tour group passed through "the first village in the snow mountain" - Jiajin Village. Jiajin Village belongs to Dawei Town, Xiaojin County. It is a Tibetan village. At the entrance of the village stands a tall sculpture of the Red Army. We take a break here. Some members of the group visited the village and visited Tibetan families. On June 12, 1935, the vanguard of the Central Red Army joined the first part of the Red Fourth Front Army on the way to Dawei Town. On June 15, Chairman Mao Zedong, Vice Chairman Xiang Ying and Zhang Guotao of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, Chairman Zhu De, Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang of the Revolutionary Military Committee of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army issued the "Declaration for Opposing Japan's Annexation of North China and Chiang Kai-shek's Traitorous Country." The manifesto called on workers, peasants, sea, air and air forces and all patriots and revolutionary people across the country to stand up and "oppose Japanese imperialism's occupation of North China, oppose Chiang Kai-shek and other traitors, resolutely fight against Japan, restore all lost land, and expel Japanese imperialism from China." On June 17, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and others crossed Jiajin Mountain to Dawei Town. In the evening, he attended and spoke at the party of the First Red Army and the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army.
In the evening, the tour group came to Siguniangshan Town, Xiaojin County.
After checking in at the hotel, some group members wandered around and came to the entrance of Shuangqiaogou Scenic Spot without realizing it. I didn't catch up with time, so I could only take a few photos at the door.
In the Chronicle of Mao Zedong, when I saw Chairman Mao and others published the "Declaration to Oppose Japan's Annexation of North China and Chiang Kai-shek's Traitorous Country" on June 15, 1935, I felt infinitely moved. This "Declaration" was aimed at the "Ho-Mei Agreement" that was being concocted by Jiang and Japan at that time; at this time, the Central Red Army was crossing the Jiajin Mountain, which was covered with snow all the year round! As we all know, in the face of Japanese imperialist aggression, Chiang Kai-shek's basic national policy is "to fight against the outside world, we must first secure the inside." On the one hand, he repeatedly compromised against the Japanese aggression and retreated step by step; on the other hand, he spared no effort and spared no expense in the "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army.
When the "September 18th Incident" occurred in 1931, Chiang Kai-shek had just ended his third "encirclement and suppression" against Zhu Mao's Red Army with complete defeat. In the "September 18th Incident", Zhang Xueliang gave the entire Northeast to the Japanese army with "non-resistance". Whether Chiang Kai-shek directly ordered "non-resistance" is now a mess. Mao Zedong's response was clear and firm.
On September 25, 1931, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, He Long, Peng Dehuai and others jointly published "The Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants Confess to the Brothers of the Soldiers of the Japanese Imperialist Occupation of Manchuria", exposing the Kuomintang warlords' non-resistance and calling on the soldiers of the White Army to join the revolution and join the Red Army. Fight for the joint resistance against Japan, the overthrow of the Kuomintang, and the establishment of the Soviet government of workers, peasants and soldiers. On November 7 of the same year, the Chinese Soviet Republic was born, and Mao Zedong was elected as the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Provisional Central Government and the Chairman of the People's Committee.
On December 11, Chairman Mao and Xiang Ying published the "Letter to the Working People of the Nation for the Kuomintang Reactionary Government to Sell the Interests of the Chinese Nation", exposing the further invasion of China by Japan and other imperialist countries and the further betrayal of national interests by the Kuomintang reactionary government, and calling on the whole country to work hard The masses should unite, organize, and arm themselves under the banner of the Soviets to eliminate the reactionary Kuomintang rule with the Soviet Revolution of Workers and Peasants, overthrow the imperialist semi-colonial rule system in China, and gain the freedom and liberation of the Chinese nation and the Chinese working people. In late January 1932, in accordance with the decision of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area of the Communist Party of China, Chairman Mao went to the ancient temple of Donghua Mountain on the outskirts of Ruijin to recuperate. While recuperating, he drafted the "Declaration of War Against Japan".
On April 15, the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic issued the "War against Japan Declaration": "The Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic officially declares war against Japan, and leads the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the vast number of oppressed people in a national revolutionary war. Japanese imperialism came out of China and opposed all imperialism to carve up China in order to achieve the complete liberation and independence of the Chinese nation."
In June 1932, Chiang Kai-shek gave a speech to the military and political chiefs of Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Hunan and Jiangxi: "We should correctly identify the current responsibilities of the revolutionary army. The first is to suppress the bandits and come to Anne, and the second is to resist the Japanese and fight against the outside world. You must know The work of suppressing bandits is actually the prerequisite for resisting Japan. To fight against Japan, one must first suppress bandits, and if one can suppress bandits, one must be able to resist Japan.” This is the definition Chiang Kai-shek gave of “to fight against the outside world, we must first secure the inside.” In December of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek launched the fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Central Red Army, which ended in failure.
On April 6, 1933, Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram to the generals of the "bandit suppression" in Nanchang: "This commander-in-chief is determined to live and die with our generals in Central Jiangxi, share honor and disgrace, wipe out the red atmosphere, and stabilize the party and the country. If there is another Those who steal life and are afraid of death, who speak extravagantly to resist Japan, and who have no sense of shame, will be executed without mercy." The famous quote from Chiang Kai-shek, "Those who speak out loudly against Japan, will be executed without mercy" is summarized here.
On May 30, 1933, Chairman Mao and Xiang Ying issued the "Declaration on Selling Pingjin for the Kuomintang", condemning Chiang Kai-shek for signing the "Tanggu Agreement" with Japan and selling Peiping, Tianjin and Chahar to Japan. On May 31, the Kuomintang government signed the "Tanggu Agreement" with the Japanese invading army, stipulating that the Chinese army should withdraw to the areas west and south of the line connecting Yanqing, Tongzhou, Baodi, and Lutai, and to the north and east of the above areas to the Great Wall As a demilitarized zone, it actually recognized Japan's occupation of Northeast China and Rehe; at the same time, Suidong, Chabei, and Jidong were designated as free entry and exit areas for Japanese troops, which opened the door for Japanese troops to further invade and occupy North China.
On June 10, Chairman Mao, Xiang Ying and others issued "The Interim Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic Denies the KMT's Signing of the Traitorous Agreement and Powered It", pointing out that the North China armistice agreement signed by the KMT government and Japanese imperialism (the "Tanggu Agreement") would bring the majority of North China The territory and tens of millions of people were completely sold to Japanese imperialism. The Soviet provisional central government, on behalf of the entire Chinese people, absolutely did not recognize the North China Armistice Agreement. In September of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek began the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Central Red Army. From then on until the outbreak of the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Kai-shek pursued and intercepted the Red Army with no less than ten times as many troops. In May 1935, following the "Tanggu Agreement", Japanese imperialism made a request to the Kuomintang authorities for the right to rule North China, and the Kuomintang authorities once again succumbed.
On May 29, He Yingqin, acting chairman of the North China Army Branch, started secret negotiations with Japanese representatives. On June 9, Yoshijiro Umezu, the commander of the Japanese Garrison in North China, submitted a memorandum to He Yingqin, with a deadline of three days to reply. He Yingqin formally replied to Umezu Yoshijiro on July 6, accepting the Japanese request. The memoranda and replies between He Yingqin and Umezu Yoshijiro are collectively referred to as the "He Mei Agreement", and the main content is to ban anti-Japanese groups and anti-Japanese activities in Hebei Province. This agreement actually gave up the sovereignty of North China. Therefore, there was the "Declaration for Opposing Japan's Annexation of North China and Chiang Kai-shek's Traitorous Manifesto" issued by Chairman Mao and others at the foot of Jiajin Mountain on June 15, 1935.
On December 27, 1935, after the end of the Long March of the Central Red Army, Mao Zedong published "On the Strategy of Opposing Japanese Imperialism", in which is the famous saying about the Long March that we are familiar with. This report announced the complete failure of Chiang Kai-shek's policy of "to fight against the outside world, we must first settle down at home", and laid the policy and strategy foundation for the subsequent "Xi'an Incident" to force Chiang to resist Japan.
As the saying goes: "The times make heroes." It also said: "The trend of the world is mighty and mighty. Those who follow it will prosper, and those who go against it will perish." In human history, the first half of the 20th century was an important period. On the one hand, world capitalism has entered the era of imperialism and triggered two world wars. The whole world was bombarded with gunfire, bullets were everywhere, and people were devastated; In many socialist countries including the People's Republic of China, the liberation struggles of oppressed classes and nations all over the world are surging, and the imperialist system has been severely impacted. In this turbulent and earth-shattering era, heroes are shining like stars, and scumbags are also on stage. In China, the two most eye-catching figures are undoubtedly Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong.
In the "September 18th Incident" in 1931, Chiang Kai-shek implemented a policy of complete non-resistance. In the "July 7th Incident" in 1937, Chiang Kai-shek began to resist, but he did not dare to declare war. On December 7, 1941, Japan raided Pearl Harbor, and the Pacific War broke out. Chiang Kai-shek followed the United States and declared war on Japan on December 9. In November 1943, Chiang Kai-shek participated in the Cairo Conference. Accompanied by the charming Song Meiling, he appeared side by side with World War II giants Roosevelt and Churchill, looking like a world-class hero. However, only six years later, he was exiled to the island of Taiwan, lingering on his last breath under the protection of the US fleet. Is Chiang Kai-shek a hero or a bear? We say that Chiang Kai-shek is not a hero, but a bear. Not because he was not smart or brave, but because he represented the interests of the comprador gentry class, which was reactionary. In the tide of the times when the Chinese nation wanted to survive, to be independent, to be free, and to make progress, he moved against the tide, and could only fail in the end.
In 1925, Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of the Chinese bourgeois democratic revolution, left a will on his deathbed, instructing his comrades in the Kuomintang: "Arouse the people", "Unite the nations of the world who are waiting for us as equals, and work together", "Open a national meeting", "The Abolition of Unequal Treaties". He placed great hopes on the Soviet Union: "At this time, my thoughts are turned to you, to our party and the future of our country." "I hope that the Kuomintang will complete its history of liberating China and other invaded countries from the imperialist system." We will work together with you in your work." "I have ordered the Kuomintang to carry out the work of the national revolutionary movement, so that China can be freed from the semi-colonial conditions imposed by imperialism on China." "I would like to express my warm hope, hope Soon the dawn will dawn when the Soviet Union welcomes a strong and independent China as a good friend and ally, and the two countries will march hand in hand to achieve victory in the great struggle for the freedom of the oppressed nations of the world." Dr. Sun Yat-sen sowed the dragon seed in the Kuomintang, But in the weeds of the comprador class, the gentry class, the national bourgeoisie, and the petty bourgeoisie, most of the fleas grow. Although Mr. Sun Yat-sen did not complete the task of the bourgeois democratic revolution, his revolutionary ambition became stronger at the end of his life, which is really commendable! But Wang Jingwei and Chiang Kai-shek behind him betrayed his revolutionary cause and stood on the opposite side of the revolution—the comprador gentry class, surrendered to imperialism, suppressed the masses of the people in every possible way, and finally became the target of the revolution.
The Communist Party of China shouldered the duty of leading the Chinese bourgeois democratic revolution. During the Soviet period, the Communist Party organized and led the people to resolutely carry out the agrarian revolution and eradicate the foundation of feudalism; Propagate the idea of opposing imperialist aggression, especially Japanese imperialist aggression, and adhere to the strategic policy of going north to resist Japan. Completing the bourgeois-democratic revolution was the minimum program that the Communist Party of China set for itself at the beginning of its founding. The bourgeois democratic revolution in China is part of the liberation struggle of oppressed classes and oppressed nations all over the world, and the new bourgeois democratic revolution led by the Chinese Communist Party has become an integral part of the international communist movement. Chairman Mao firmly grasped the direction of the world trend and stood closely with the masses of the people. Therefore, he became the leader of the Chinese people's liberation cause.
