The Long March of Three Generations——Take the Long March Again

The Long March of Three Generations

       From July 27th to August 25th, 2020, my daughter, old father, and nephew and I set off from Shenzhen. It took 30 days and traveled 9,728 kilometers, passing through Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Gansu. , Ningxia, Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong, Anhui and other provinces, and then return to Shenzhen via Jiangxi again. Retrace the Long March of the Central Red Army.

       Origin: I don’t know when, I became interested in the history of the Red Army’s Long March.

          I am very curious, under such a passive and difficult situation, how the Red Army can survive and finally win the revolution under the leadership of the Communist Party. "The Red Army is not afraid of the difficulty of the expedition. Thousands of rivers and thousands of mountains are just waiting for nothing. The five ridges meander with fine waves, and the majestic Wumeng walks with mud balls. The sandy water is warm against the clouds and cliffs, and the Dadu Bridge is cold. The melody of the first seven rhythms of the Long March often echoes in my ears, but I cannot personally experience it. Gradually, there was an urge to learn more, and then I watched several TV series and movies such as "The Great Turning Point" and "The Long March", and also went to the library to check some related books, and bought Jin Yinan "Suffering and Splendor" by the teacher and "One Man's Long March" by Zuo Li. It coincides with the summer vacation, and it is rare for me to have a long vacation, so I have a plan to drive the Long March. Unexpectedly, I searched the Internet and found that many people have practiced re-walking the Long March. The participants are old and young, in various forms, and the distances are different. After studying several travel guides, I was ready to start.

       Preview: Whether I can successfully complete this journey, I have no idea.

        1. Can I bear such a long road by myself?

        2. My car is a sedan, not an SUV;

        3. The staff has not yet been decided. The original plan was to let a few children who are in high school be with my daughter and let them exercise. There is no plan to bring the elderly, fearing that they will not be able to bear it;

        4. How much is the budget, and what necessities do you need to prepare?

        Therefore, I plan to drive the old man back to Jinan, and take this opportunity to find a feeling. On July 13, I set off from Shenzhen and drove about 540 kilometers to Ruijin. I visited Hongjing Scenic Area and the site of Ersu Congress in the afternoon. Yeping Scenic Area was closed, so I took a photo at the entrance; stayed in Ruijin that night.

The next day: Ruijin—Jingdezhen—Nanjing, driving about 870 kilometers, it was almost 10 o'clock in the evening when we arrived at Nanjing Central Hotel.

Day 3: Nanjing one-day tour Presidential Palace - Meiyuan New Village - Sun Yat-Sen Mausoleum - Ming City Wall

Day 4: About 628 kilometers from Nanjing to Jinan

        I originally planned to visit the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall in the morning, but I didn't expect to make an appointment one day in advance. I couldn't get in at the door, leaving some regrets. Then go to Xuanwu Lake Park, board the city wall and look around before heading to Jinan.

        After running this trip, I felt that it was very easy to arrange a one-way trip from Shenzhen to Jinan for three days, so when I returned to Shenzhen from Jinan, I compressed the itinerary into two days, without pure driving, about 1900 kilometers, and stayed overnight at the foot of Beishan Mountain in Lushan, Jiangxi. At about nine o'clock the next night, I returned to Shenzhen smoothly.

         This trip gave me confidence in the self-driving Long March.

         1. At high speed, you can use the adaptive cruise mode to free your feet;

         2. It should not be a big problem if the chassis of the car is lower (the chassis was still scratched later, and the SUV will be better);

         3. Prepared some dry food, condiments such as oil and salt, as well as rice and a car rice cooker (I found that it was basically unnecessary, and I could find food on the road, and I kept on the road, so there was not much chance to start a fire);

         4. Some older children were unwilling or unable to go. It happened that my father was worried about us. I also wanted to take him to have a look. He could also help me with logistics. My mother couldn’t bear it, so the personnel were finally determined to be me, my daughter, and my wife. Dad and nephew (the two children didn't want to go too much, they even coaxed and lied to agree);

        5. Accommodation and meals can be booked online, and the food and accommodation along the way are basically booked by the two children;

        6. You are not afraid of the cost, you can use WeChat or Alipay;

        7. The impact of the epidemic, according to the network information, is still relatively safe and basically released.

The first day of the Long March July 27, 2020 

 Shenzhen - Ruijin, 520km. Depart at 8:00 am and arrive at Yeping Scenic Area at 4:00 pm.

The Party was established in Shanghai; the army was established in Nanchang; the government was established in Ruijin; the state was established in Beijing. The status of Ruijin can be seen. Ruijin is the famous old red capital at home and abroad, the cradle of the Republic, the residence of the Party Central Committee during the Soviet period, the birthplace of the Soviet Central Government and the main birthplace of Mao Zedong Thought. Known as the "Holy Land of the Red Capital".

Yeping Scenic Area has the largest group of former Soviet revolutionary sites and the Martyrs Memorial Tower, and it is also the place where the First Soviet University meets, which is the predecessor of the National People's Congress. It is said that the Memorial Tower of the Red Army Martyrs was destroyed after the Red Army's Long March. Only the original version of the word "爸" was preserved by the family members of a soldier who participated in the Long March.

        The soviet areas of the Chinese Soviet regime have a total area of ​​about 400,000 square kilometers and a population of about 30 million. Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Jingwei and others defected to the revolution in 1927 and carried out the "Qing Communist Party" in Shanghai and Wuhan, thus entering the period of agrarian revolution. However, instead of being wiped out, the stubborn Communists have established a red regime that has shown a tendency to start a prairie fire after several years of development.

       Beginning in November 1930, Chiang Kai-shek organized five rounds of encirclement and suppression. In September 1933, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized about 500,000 troops to besiege the central revolutionary base area, adopting the "fortressism" strategy. Due to the wrong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China by Wang Ming and other "Left" adventurism, the Red Army fought hard for a year and failed to break the enemy's "encirclement and suppression". In October 1934, the main force of the Red Army was forced to withdraw from the base area and began a strategic shift - the Long March.

       In fact, some preparations were made for the strategic transfer of the Central Red Army, but due to the hesitant decision-making and insufficient preparation under the wrong leadership and command of Bo Gu, Li De and others, and only a few people at the top knew about it, the Central Red Army was dispatched hastily .

        After the fall of Guangchang and Jianning in May 1934, the situation in the Central Soviet Area deteriorated day by day. At the beginning of July, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission "attracted Chiang Kai-shek's enemy to transfer his troops back from the Central Soviet Area to the rear", in order to reduce the pressure on the Central Soviet Area, and cooperated with the main force of the Central Red Army to crush the enemy's fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign. , that is, successively dispatched the Red 7th and Red 6th Corps to go north and break out of the encirclement to the west, to carry out guerrilla warfare in Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and central Hunan, and create a new Soviet area.

         1. In July 1934, the Seventh Red Army Corps in the Central Soviet Area was ordered to reorganize into the Northward Anti-Japanese Advance Team. Under the leadership of the regiment leader Xun Huaizhou and political commissar Le Shaohua, who were less than 22 years old at the time, they marched from Ruijin to the border areas of Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi. In August, it attacked Fuzhou; in September, it entered Jiangshan, Changshan, and Suian in western Zhejiang; on September 24, the main force of the advance team moved to Shishi, She County, and officially entered Anhui. In November of the same year, after the Red Seventh Army joined Fang Zhimin's Red Tenth Army, they were jointly organized into the Red Tenth Army in Chongxi, northeast of Jiangxi.

          2. On August 7, 1934, Ren Bishi, a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, a representative of the Central Committee, and chairman of the Military and Political Committee of the Sixth Red Army, together with Xiao Ke and Wang Zhen, led the Sixth Red Army to transfer from the Hunan, Jiangxi, Soviet Areas, break through the encirclement and march west until October 1 On the 24th, he joined forces with the Third Red Army led by He Long, Xia Xi and Guan Xiangying (the name of the Second Red Army was restored in November) in Muhuang, Yinjiang County, Guizhou.

          3. During this period, in order to alleviate the resistance of the Central Red Army to break through the encirclement and advance westward, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission took advantage of the conflict between Chen Jitang and Chiang Kai-shek, the local powers in Guangdong, and sent representatives of Pan Hannian, He Changgong and Chen Jitang to hold talks and reach an agreement when necessary. The five agreements including mutual borrowing created favorable conditions for the Central Red Army to pass through the enemy's first blockade smoothly.

          4. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission decided to set up the Central Sub-bureau of the Communist Party of China and the Central Government Office of the Chinese Soviet Republic in the Central Soviet Area. Xiang Ying served as the secretary of the branch and Chen Yi served as the director of the office. Armed, continue to insist on guerrilla warfare, and cooperate with the actions of the main Red Army.

The second day of the Long March July 28, 2020

        A hotel in Ruijin—Hongjing Scenic Area—History Museum of the Central Revolutionary Base Area—Yudu Long March Departure Memorial Park—Suchenzhou Sanyuan Hotel, about 400km. Sanyuan Hotel is good, but the price of Ctrip can't be given by stores.       

       Yudu County - the staging place and starting point for the Central Red Army to start the Long March

        Beginning on October 8, the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, and 9th Army Corps and the 1st and 2nd Field Columns of the Central Red Army successively withdrew from their original stations in Xingguo, Ningdu, Shicheng, Changting, and Ruijin, and moved to the section of Yudu. Houses, Chexi, Luo'ao and county towns, gather and rest to replenish weapons and ammunition, soldiers, food, etc. Beginning on October 17, 1934, 86,000 Red Army soldiers successively crossed the 600-meter-wide Yudu River from ten ferries, and embarked on an unprecedented journey—the 25,000-mile Long March...

The third day of the Long March July 29, 2020

Chenzhou—Xing’an Xiangjiang Battle Monument Park—Su Guilin. 370km

          From November 27 to December 1, 1934, the Central Red Army fought bitterly with the Kuomintang army for five days and nights in Xing'an County, Quanzhou County, and Guanyang County in Guangxi on the upper reaches of the Xiangjiang River, and finally crossed the Xiangjiang River from Quanzhou and Xing'an to break through. It broke the fourth blockade line of the Kuomintang army and smashed Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to encircle and annihilate the Central Red Army east of the Xiangjiang River. However, the Central Red Army also paid a very heavy price for this. The number of army commanders and central government personnel dropped sharply from more than 80,000 at the start of the Long March to more than 30,000. "Don't drink Xiangjiang water for three years, don't eat Xiangjiang fish for ten years", this is the memory and respect of the local people for the compatriots who died in the Xiangjiang Battle.

        The west gate of the Central Red Army was originally closed by the Guangxi Army and the Hunan Army, but Bai Chongxi was worried that the Central Red Army would enter the hinterland of Guangxi from Fuchuan and Hexian, and received a secret telegram from Wang Jianping from Shanghai, saying that Chiang Kai-shek planned to send the Red Army to the hinterland of Guangxi. The areas on both sides of Longhuguan were oppressed to the south, and the "three evils" of the Red Army, Guangdong, and Guangxi were eliminated in one fell swoop, so a decision was made to withdraw the main force of the Xiawei Department deployed in the Quanguanxing triangle area to the south. At 17:00 on the afternoon of the 22nd, Chiang Kai-shek allowed the Gui army to withdraw to the south, and sent a power to He Jian, asking He Jian to send the Hunan army south to Quanzhou to take over the defense. After Bai Chongxi received the reply, he did not wait for the Hunan Army to take over the defense, and immediately ordered the main force of Xia Wei's troops deployed in Quanzhou, Xing'an, and Guanyang to withdraw to Gongcheng (more than a hundred kilometers south of Guanyang) overnight. There are two battalion cadre training teams of the 24th Division and the 72nd Regiment of the 7th Army in Zhouzhou, one regiment (belonging to the 43rd Division) in Xing'an, and one regiment (130th Regiment in the 44th Division) in Guanyang. However, after receiving Chiang Kai-shek's order to take over the defense, the Hunan Army did not immediately go south to take over the defense, but repeatedly delayed. On November 22, the Guangxi army withdrew to the south until December 1, when the Xianggui army occupied all the crossings of the Xiangjiang River. This created an opportunity for the Red Army to break through. However, due to the very slow marching speed of the Military Commission column and other reasons, this opportunity was not grasped.

       The Battle of Xiangjiang was the most heroic and crucial battle since the Central Red Army broke through. Although the Red Army broke through the fourth blockade, it paid a huge price. More than half of the 5th Army Corps and the International Division of the Communist Party of China established on the eve of the Long March lost more than half, and the 8th Army Corps lost even more. The 34th Division was heavily surrounded by the enemy. All commanders and fighters fought bloody battles until they ran out of ammunition and food. .

        After crossing the Xiangjiang River, the two columns of the Central Red Army and the Military Commission have dropped from 86,000 at the time of departure to 30,000. It aroused the suspicion and dissatisfaction of the majority of cadres and soldiers with Wang Ming's military line to the extreme, and they all demanded a change of leadership.

The fourth day of the Long March July 30, 2020

Guilin Rest 0㎞

         Newspaper tour group, Guilin - Yangshuo Xingping boat tour - Shili Gallery - Jinshuiyan Karst Cave - "Impression Liu Sanjie" theater

The fifth day of the Long March July 31, 2020

Guilin - Liping - Zhenyuan Ancient Town 438km

          After crossing the Xiangjiang River, the Central Red Army continued to advance westward, crossed the old mountain boundary (Yuechengling), entered the Hunan passage, realized the transfer of troops through the passage, and then entered Liping, Guizhou. Passing through Longsheng Rice Terraces and Zhaoxing Dong Village, I didn’t go to Longsheng Rice Terraces because I was in a hurry and worried about the road conditions.             

        On December 18, 1934, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the first Politburo meeting since the Long March in Liping, Guizhou. The meeting rejected the original strategic policy and adopted Mao Zedong's idea of ​​marching to the northwest of Guizhou.

       The Liping army was reorganized, the Eighth Army was abolished, and merged into the Fifth Red Army, and the first and second field columns of the Military Commission were merged into the Military Commission column. . . . . .

      Zhenyuan Ancient Town is a town under the jurisdiction of Zhenyuan County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province. It is located on the Bank of Wuyang River and surrounded by mountains. The river meanders through the city in an "S" shape, with the old Fucheng on the north bank and the old Acropolis on the south bank, which looks like a Tai Chi picture from a distance. Both cities were built in the Ming Dynasty. Since ancient times, Zhenyuan has been the landing point of the Yelangshezhou people from Hunan and Chu. It is also a shortcut and a necessary place for gifts and messengers from the capital to the southwestern border, Annan, Myanmar, Siam, India and other countries. It is known as the "Southern Silk Road". The good name of the key.      

 In Zhenyuan Ancient Town, it feels like the epidemic is far away.

The Sixth Day of the Long March August 1, 2020

Zhenyuan Ancient Town - Weng'an Monkey Farm Conference Memorial Hall - Zunyi - Loushanguan Scenic Area 360km

      From December 31, 1934 to January 1, 1935, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting, known as the "Monkey Field Meeting" in history, to resolve a series of major issues such as military command and the strategic direction of the Red Army. After the Houchang meeting, Li De's status as the "overlord" was essentially ended, the military command was in the hands of Mao Zedong, and the strategic policy was changed.

       On January 2, 1935, the main force of the First Army Corps and the Ninth Army Corps of the Red Army defeated the Wan Shijiong Department of the Eighth Regiment of the Guizhou Army at Huilongchang Ferry near Qingkou, Yuqing County, and crossed the Wujiang River. At 9 o'clock on January 3, the Red Army launched a fierce offensive in Jiangjiehe, defeated the 5th and 6th regiments of Lin Xiusheng's 3rd Brigade of the Jiangfang Guizhou Army, and successfully crossed the Wujiang River.

        When we arrived at the site of the Zunyi Conference, the memorial hall was closed, and only the site (Bai Huizhang's private residence) was open for the night show, so we decided to go in and take a photo of the night scene before rushing to Loushanguan. According to tomorrow's plan, to go to Xishuitucheng, starting from Loushanguan, we still have to go through Zunyi, so we plan to enter Zunyi again tomorrow.

           Overnight in Loushanguan Village, Banqiao Town, Huichuan District, Zunyi City.

The Seventh Day of the Long March August 2, 2020

Loushan Pass - Zunyi - Xishui County 220km

        Loushanguan - the hub of Sichuan and Guizhou, guarding the throat. The Battle of Loushanguan happened twice, one was to ensure the smooth convening of the Zunyi Conference; the other was to attack Zunyi City during the second crossing of Chishui. When we entered Zunyi twice, it seemed to be the same.

              Channel meeting - Prelude to the turning point

              Liping Conference——The Turning Point

              Monkey Field Meeting - The Eve of the Turning Point

              Zunyi Conference - a great turning point

                                                                      Tribute to the Red Fourth Regiment

       As the avant-garde regiment of the Long March, the Red Fourth Regiment was born in a famous family (Ye Ting Independent Regiment). From the Long March, Xiangjiang Battle, breaking through the Wujiang River, advancing into Zunyi, attacking Loushan Pass, crossing the snow-capped mountains, crossing the grassland, to the Anti-Japanese War and the Liberation War, there were many its figure.

Eighth day of the Long March August 3, 2020

Xishui County—Tucheng Sidu Chishui Memorial Hall—Maotai Town—Guiyang 340km

        In January 1935, the Zunyi Conference analyzed that the northern area of ​​Guizhou was sparsely populated, there were many ethnic minorities, and the foundation of the party’s work was weak, making it difficult to establish a base area. Therefore, it was decided that the Central Red Army would cross the Yangtze River to the north, join forces with the Fourth Front Army, and establish a base in western Sichuan or northwestern Sichuan. base. Therefore, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission decided to lead the troops to withdraw from Zunyi City, move northward one by one, concentrate in Chishui and Tucheng areas at the junction of Sichuan and Guizhou, and prepare to cross the river northward.

        On January 19, 1935, the Central Red Army marched in the direction of Tucheng from Songkan, Tongzi, and Zunyi in three routes, and on the 27th they all reached the area east of the Chishui River. However, the Guo Xunqi Department of the Sichuan Army also followed up. The Red Army plans to use favorable terrain to launch a "battle of annihilation" against the chasing enemy. In the early morning of the 28th, under the command of Peng Dehuai and Yang Shangkun, the 3rd and 5th Red Corps attacked the Sichuan army positions in Fengcunba and Qinggangpo areas from Shuishiba outside Tucheng Town in two routes. The battle was extremely fierce, and the two warring parties fell into a stalemate, which became a veritable "tug of war" and "war of attrition". What's more serious is that the Red Army discovered from the number of the captives that the original intelligence was wrong. The Sichuan Army did not have more than 6,000 people in 4 regiments, but actually more than 6,000 people in 6 regiments. There are also follow-up troops, which are well-equipped and have strong combat effectiveness. Mao Zedong proposed to convene a meeting of several leaders of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. The meeting found that the original plan to cross the Yangtze River here could not be realized, and decided to quickly withdraw from the battle. On January 29, the Red Army crossed Chishui in Tucheng and Yuanhou, and entered Gulin and Xuyong areas in southern Sichuan.

        On February 5, 1935, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting of the Standing Committee in a place called "Three Provinces of Jiming" at the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan. Zhang Wentian replaced Bo Gu as the general manager of the party.

         From February 5th to 9th, 1935, in the territory of Tashi (now Weixin), Yunnan, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held consecutive meetings and formed a series of resolutions.

         After several months of long-distance marches and continuous operations, the number of combatants in the army has dropped sharply. Some divisions actually had less than one regiment, and some companies had only a few dozen people. In order to improve the mobile combat capability of the Red Army, the central government decided to reorganize the troops. The Red Third, Fifth, and Ninth Army Corps canceled the division-level organization and directly governed regiment-level units.

       Two Crossing Chishui On February 9, the Central Red Army assembled in the Tashi area. In order to quickly get away from the side attacks of the Sichuan and Yunnan armies, Mao Zedong and others decided to cross the Chishui River eastward and return to northern Guizhou. From the 24th to the 28th, which lasted 5 days, the Red Army went down to Tongzi, Loushanguan, and Zunyi, defeated and annihilated 2 divisions and 8 regiments of the Kuomintang army, and captured about 3,000 enemies. This is the biggest victory of the Central Red Army since the Long March. In this battle, Deng Ping, chief of staff of the Red 3rd Army, died.

        After crossing Chishui Zunyi Battle, Chiang Kai-shek flew from Hankou to Chongqing to take command, and changed to a combination of fortressism and key offensive tactics in an attempt to attack from north to south and encircle and annihilate the Central Red Army in Zunyi and Yaxi areas. The Red Army crossed the Chishui River in Maotai and its vicinity on March 16-17. The Red Army entered southern Sichuan again. Chiang Kai-shek judged that the Central Red Army would cross the Yangtze River again and ordered all troops to attack southern Sichuan in an attempt to encircle and annihilate the Red Army in the Gulin area.

          Sidu Chishui On the evening of March 21, the Red Army crossed the Chishui River via Erlangtan, Jiuxikou, and Taipingdu respectively, and marched southward from the right wing of the enemy's heavy army group. On the 31st, they crossed the Wujiang River to the south. On April 2nd, the Central Red Army feinted to attack Xifeng with a force, and the forward approached Guiyang. Chiang Kai-shek, who was overseeing the battle in Guiyang, was terrified. On the one hand, he ordered all the columns to quickly reinforce Guiyang, and on the other hand, he ordered the defenders to stick to the airport and prepare to escape at any time. After crossing Chishui four times, the main force of the Central Red Army took advantage of the time when the Yunnan Army was transferred to the east to reinforce Guiyang, and marched into Yunnan. On May 9, they crossed the Jinsha River in Jiaoping. At the same time, the Red 9th Army, which was active in the area north of the Wujiang River, also crossed the Jinsha River from Shujie and Yanjingping to the west of Huize.

        So far, the battle of crossing Chishui four times has ended. It is far beyond my original imagination in terms of time and space. It started from the Battle of Tucheng on January 19 to crossing the Jinsha River on May 9. A total of more than 110 days. Mao Zedong and others commanded the Central Red Army to skillfully intersperse among the heavy troops of the Kuomintang army, fight flexibly, mobilize and confuse the enemy, create opportunities for combat, and change from passive to active. This is Chairman Mao's proud pen.

  The Ninth Day of the Long March August 4, 2020

       Guiyang rest 0 km

       I happen to be doing car maintenance at a 4S store in Guiyang. The road ahead is okay, basically a high-speed road, and it’s not so easy to walk down. Then I met my eighth brother, my roommate from the university, thank you for your hospitality.

In Qingyan Ancient Town, the number one pick is good.

 The Tenth Day of the Long March August 5, 2020

Guiyang——Huangguoshu——Qujing, Yunnan 375km

        The traffic in Huangguoshu is very convenient. It is not far from the highway. There are shuttle buses for various scenic spots (60 yuan per person). Tickets are mainly 50% off nationwide.

        To buy a ticket, you need to make an appointment one day in advance. You can only grab other people’s refunds on the day. It seems that there are dozens of tickets, but they will be gone in a while, so be quick; if you refresh, there will be another one, and the scalpers will charge 50-100 yuan to grab it on your behalf.

       First take a car to the Tianxing Bridge Scenic Area, half way to the mountain and half way to the water, and the Yinlian Zhuitan Waterfall is okay. It is 7.5km down the road, which is very hard. The Great Waterfall and Doupotang Waterfall are only half way away.

       The outlet cave at the eastern foot of Maxiong Mountain in the northeast of Qujing City is the source of the Pearl River. The Pearl River Source Scenic Area is about 60 kilometers away from the hotel. Both Huangguoshu and Guilin Shanshui belong to the Pearl River Basin. The Pearl River flows through six provinces in central and western China and northern Vietnam, and flows into the South China Sea from eight estuaries downstream. Staying here can be regarded as drinking water and thinking about the source.

The Eleventh Day of the Long March August 6, 2020

Qujing City——Kunming Dongchuan Red Land——Luquan Jiulong Town 239km

The original plan was to visit the memorial hall at Jiaopingdu today, and then cross the Jinsha River. Due to bad roads and rain, the children had to take online classes at night, so they stopped work early at 17:30 and stayed in Jiulong Town, Luquan County.

On the road to the Red Land Scenic Area, due to the fluctuations in altitude, there are many mountain roads, and motion sickness may be unbearable. There is only a small village on the top of Red Earth Mountain, and there are about a dozen homestays, which are not very popular.

The twelfth day of the Long March August 7, 2020 Crossing the Jinsha River

Luquan Kowloon Town - Jiaopingdu - Huili 240km, 10 hours by car

On April 28, 1935, Chiang Kai-shek issued an order to control the ferry, destroy ships and seal the river. Just before the Red Army arrived on the Jinsha River, the enemies along the river swept all the ships to the north bank. 

      On April 29, the Red Army decided to quickly cross the Jinsha River and go to western Sichuan to establish a base. The First Red Army seized Longjie Ferry, the Third Red Army seized Hongmen Ferry, and the Fifth Red Army seized Jiaoping Ferry. Under the command of Chief of Staff Liu Bocheng, the first cadre regiment of the advance team of the Red Army successfully crossed the river in Jiaoping, wiped out the enemy on the other side, and took control of the ferry. However, Longjiedu is inconvenient to cross the river because the river is too wide and there are enemy air strikes; Hongmendu is also difficult to cross because the river is too fast. Therefore, the Red One, Red Three, and Red Five Army Corps all crossed the Jinsha River from Jiaoping, and after seven days of forced crossing, they successfully reached the opposite bank.

      The 9th Army Corps, which served as the rearguard, was ordered by the Military Commission to go around in circles after crossing the Wujiang River in the south, going south and north, restraining part of the enemy's forces. On May 6, 1935, they arrived between Dongchuan and Qiaojia County in Yunnan Province, and crossed the Jinsha River on May 9, 1935. Two days later, the enemy's pursuers arrived at the south bank.

The Red Army successfully escaped the pursuit and interception of hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops.

The Thirteenth Day of the Long March August 8, 2020

Huili Ancient Town, Liangshan, Sichuan—Huili Memorial Hall of the Long March—Huili Conference Site—Shimian County, Ya’an, Sichuan (the county where Anshun where the Dadu River is forced to cross) 360km

      On May 12, 1935, the Party Central Committee held an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in the dense forest of Tiechang Village on the outskirts of Huili City, known as the "Huili Meeting" in history. Mainly discuss the arched back, the bowstring, who is in command and where to go next. The meeting unified thinking, determined Mao Zedong's military leadership and clarified issues such as going north and joining the Red Fourth Front Army.

       The meeting was conducted on a relatively small scale.

The Fourteenth Day of the Long March August 9, 2020

Shimian County——Anshun Field Crossing the River Memorial Hall——Baoxing County, Ya’an 260km

Asbestos was originally about 10 kilometers from Anshun Field, but due to landslides, traffic was controlled according to time, and the hotel staff had wrong information, so it took a 60-kilometer detour to reach Anshun Field. The Dadu River is the largest tributary of the Minjiang River. It has a steep course, dense shoals, and fast-flowing water. It is known as a natural danger. The Anshunchang Ferry River is 300 meters wide and more than 10 meters deep. With the efforts of 17 warriors (actually 18 warriors), the Dadu River was successfully crossed, but failed to find enough boats, and the Luding Bridge became a must.

I originally planned to go to Luding next step to visit the relevant relics of Feiduo Luding Bridge, but the road was temporarily controlled and I had to walk back and forth. In order to hurry, I gave up and went straight to Baoxing, Ya'an.

      Shi Dakai, the wing king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, entered Zidadi (now Anshunchang, Shimian County) in Sichuan in May 1863, intending to establish his own kingdom in Sichuan. However, due to the steep rise of the river and other reasons, Shi Dakai's troops were besieged here by the Qing army, the militia, and the Yi soldiers. Shi Dakai was captured and executed by Ling Chi on June 25, 1863 in Kejia Lane, Chengdu, at the age of thirty-three. Chiang Kai-shek clamored to rely on the natural danger of the Dadu River to attack the north and block the south, to encircle and annihilate the Central Red Army in the area south of the Dadu River, in an attempt to make Mao Zedong and Zhu De the "second Shi Dakai".

The Fifteenth Day of the Long March August 10, 2020

Baoxing County, Ya’an—Jiajin Mountain Scenic Area Shenmu Lei—Jiajin Mountain—Dawei Township—Xiaojin County (Maogong) 190km

      After visiting the Shenmulei Scenic Area, depart for Jiajin Mountain around 3:00 in the afternoon. Since there is no signal on the mountain, Baidu can only navigate to the stele at the Jiajinshan Memorial Site at the bottom of the mountain, and it is 50-60km to the Jiajinshan Pass, about an hour away.

        The Jiajin Mountain pass is 4114 meters above sea level. According to local people, there is usually no snow after May.

Climbing Jiajin Mountain from the direction of Ya’an, the current mountain road is very good, but it will be a little dizzy (depending on the individual’s physique) due to many bends, and there will be some high reactions. "Jiajin Mountain, Jiajin Mountain, birds can't fly, people can't climb it. If you want to cross Jiajin Mountain, you have to go to the world!" This ballad is a true portrayal of the harsh natural environment of Jiajin Snow Mountain more than 80 years ago.

Going down the mountain to Dawei Township in Aba, the road is poor and there are many landslides. The road is being repaired and the road is released regularly.

        On the afternoon of June 12, 1935, the 4th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the First Army of the Red Army, led by Wang Kaixiang, the head of the regiment, and Yang Chengwu, the political commissar, successfully crossed Jiajin Mountain. Meet and join forces.

Go directly to Xiaojin County to stay at night, the road is even worse. The mountain is like a pile of stone powder, dirty and dangerous.

Sixteenth Day of the Long March August 11, 2020

 Xiaojin County Maogong Meeting Monument and Former Site—Lianghekou Conference Memorial Hall—Mengbi Mountain—Markang Zhuokeji Chieftain Official Village 135km

 In response to the Long March of the Central Red Army, the Fourth Red Front Army entered the Aba area at the end of April and early May 1935, and dispatched Li Xiannian, political commissar of the 30th Army, to lead the 88th Division of the 30th Army, and the 25th and 27th Divisions of the Ninth Army. A total of five regiments went to meet the Red Front Army. On June 5, Lianghekou was occupied, and Maogong was captured on June 8. Then, the first part went to Dawei Township in the southeast of Maogong. On June 12, a part of the Red 4th Front Army and the vanguard of the Red Front Army's northward advance joined forces in Dawei. On the 18th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, and the main force of the Red 1 Front Army arrived at Maogong, Maogong Meeting Square. On the evening of the 21st, the troops of the Red 1 Front Army and the Red 4 Front Army held a party to celebrate the meeting.

        After visiting Xiaojin County, we rushed to the Lianghekou Meeting Memorial Site, crossed Mengbi Mountain, and decided to stay in Maerkang Zhuokeji temporarily at night. This section of the road was the worst section of our entire long journey of self-driving. It took 3.5 hours to drive 70km from Xiaojin County to Lianghekou.

       Jiajin Mountain is located at the junction of Baoxing County in Ya'an and Xiaojin County in Aba. Starting from Baoxing County to the north, crossing Jiajin Mountain and entering Xiaojin County, Dawei Township is located at the foot of Beilu Mountain. Lianghekou is located in the north of Xiaojin County, about 70 kilometers away from the county seat. If you continue to go north, you will enter Malkang City, Aba Prefecture after crossing Mengbi Mountain.

      On June 26, 1935, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting in Lianghekou. The meeting was held to unify the strategic policy of going north to establish the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu base area. Attending the meeting were Zhang Wentian, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Bo Gu, Wang Jiaxiang, Zhang Guotao and others. The meeting correctly analyzed the domestic political situation, emphasizing adherence to the policy of going north to resist Japan and the party's leadership of the Red Army. Negated Zhang Guotao's erroneous claims, and clearly proposed the strategic policy of going north to establish the Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base in order to lead and promote the national anti-Japanese movement. The meeting passed the "Decision on the Strategic Policy after the First and Fourth Front Army Convergence". The Lianghekou meeting laid the foundation for realizing the great strategic goal of the party and the Red Army going north to resist Japan and leading the national anti-Japanese movement.

       On June 29, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau was held in Lianghekou, and Zhang Guotao was appointed as the vice chairman of the Chinese Military Commission, and Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao were members of the Chinese Military Commission.

 Mengbi Mountain is the second snow mountain that the Red Army crossed during the Long March. On June 27, 1935, the vanguard of the Red Army crossed the snow mountain and entered Malkang, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. After crossing the pass of Mengbi Mountain, it belongs to Malkang. The pass is also 4114 meters above sea level.

The road down from Jiajin Mountain was already bad, mainly because of danger; it was even worse from Dawei to Xiaojin County; today it is simply rotten. Mengbi Mountain started about ten kilometers down the mountain, and went all the way to Zhuo Keji Chieftain's official village. Roads were built almost all the way, and it rained again. The friction sound of the chassis and the exhaust pipe scraping the ground can last for three days.

      Since I was going to visit Zhuokeji, I stayed at Zhuokeji's B&B hotel at night.

The Seventeenth Day of the Long March August 12, 2020

Malkang Zhuokeji - Hongyuan Grassland - Ruoergai Grassland - Ruoergai County 320km

        On July 1, 1935, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Zhang Wentian and others led the central government to station in Zhuo Keji Guanzhai, left on the 8th, and stayed in the Guanzhai for a week. Hall" held a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of Zhuo Keji's Central Committee. The meeting passed the "Letter to the People of Kangzang and Western Fans-The Struggle Program for the Tibetan National Revolutionary Movement", pointing out that the ethnic policy of the Communist Party of China is to liberate the oppressed ethnic groups, establish a freely elected revolutionary government, and actively help all revolutionary ethnic groups At the same time, he called on the Tibetan people to oppose imperialism and the Kuomintang warlords, form guerrillas, join the Red Army, and realize national self-determination.

      At this time, the central government has realized the extreme importance of food. During the time when the Red Army was in Malkang, the Tibetan people lived in difficulties and food was scarce, and they saved 1 million catties of food and various supplies to the Red Army, which ensured the food for tens of thousands of Red Army in the territory. The Red Army gave their precious lives in raising food, serving as guides, interpreting, covering the sick and wounded, and ferrying them. After the Red Army left the Situ area and went north. The 24th Army of the Kuomintang Sichuan Army and the head of the chieftain took the opportunity to counterattack the base area, massacring a large number of Soviets and members of various other red organizations. It can be said that the people of Malkang have made great contributions and sacrifices for the Red Army to successfully cross the snowy mountains and grasslands and realize the strategic shift.

      Zhuokeji Tusi Guanzhai is a Tusi yamen building in the Qing Dynasty. It is located on the banks of the Suomo River on a plateau at an altitude of 2,700 meters. It was first built in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Later, it was sealed by the Qing government. It is one of the famous "Four Lands of Lifan" in Bazi, western Sichuan. The official village integrates residence, official office and defense.

       1. After the rendezvous of the Four Front Armies, Zhang Guotao's strategic policy of going south and west and the Party Central Committee's strategic policy of going north and east continued to exist. In August 1935, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting in Shawo, near Maoergai, and decided that the First and Fourth Front Armies would go north together under the unified leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and that the First and Fourth Front Armies would be mixed into the Right Route Army and the Left Route Army. military. The Right Route Army includes the First Army, the Third Army of the Red Army, the Fourth Army, the Thirty Army, the First Column of the Military Commission, and the Red Army University (co-organized by the Central Red Army Cadre Group and the Red Fourth Army Military Academy). Centered on Mao Ergai, led by Xu Xiangqian, Ye Jianying, and Chen Changhao, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the main leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, followed the right-hand army. The Left Route Army included the Ninth Army, the Thirty-first Army of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, the Fifth Army Corps, the Ninth Army Corps of the Red Front Army, and a column of the Military Commission. It was centered on Zhuo Keji. Leading the left army action. The left and right troops set out from Zhuokeji, Maoergai and other places respectively, and after a arduous march, they crossed the deserted grassland and arrived in Aba and Brazil successively in late August. At this time, Zhang Guotao openly carried out separatist activities and refused to join the right army. He also put forward a plan for the main force of the Red Army to go south to counter the Central Committee's policy of going north. At the same time, he secretly sent Chen Changhao, the political commissar of the Right Army, to hold the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Right Army to go south.

      Zhang Guotao's original intention was to oppose the central government's strategy of going north. After being persuaded and fought by the central government many times, he verbally agreed with the Lianghekou meeting and the Shawo meeting, but wavered after the meeting.

      From Zhuokeji to Ruoergai, the road conditions are very good. We drove across the meadows where the Red Army walked. It was far from the scene of the past, and we did not experience the difficulty of traveling, lack of food, and camping against the cold.

      Shujingsi Town is an important town and the south gate of Hongyuan County.

       The watershed of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River - Chazhen Liangzi. Chazhen Liangzi is located on the top of the hilly plateau in the south of Hongyuan County, and it is the only way to enter the grassland in northwest Sichuan from the South Road. Because there are two sources of water on both sides of the hill, one into the Yellow River and the other into the Yangtze River, it is also regarded as the watershed of the two major water systems of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.

 Zoige County is 3,424 meters above sea level, and the temperature today is 4-16 degrees Celsius. A little altitude sickness, my old man is fine.

 Today's road is very good, National Road 248, and the scenery is beautiful. About 100 kilometers ahead, there are forests and rivers, and behind it is a plateau meadow. After passing the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, the west of the National Highway is the Baihe River, which is a branch of the Yellow River. Ruoergai is about tens of kilometers away from the first bend of the Jiuqu Yellow River.

       On August 29, 1935, the Thirty Red Army and the Fourth Red Army launched the Battle of Baozuo against the Kuomintang Army. This battle was a big victory after the Red First and Fourth Front Army joined forces. The Ministry killed, wounded, and captured more than 5,000 enemies, wiped out more than 4,000 enemies, seized more than 50 light and heavy machine guns, and more than 1,500 long and short guns. They also seized military supplies such as yaks, mules, food, and ammunition that the Red Army urgently needed. So that the Red Army in the north has been basically supplemented.

       The victory in the Baozuo battle cleared the obstacles for the Red Army to go north, opened the passage to Gannan, and allowed the Red Army to leave Sichuan to realize the plan of establishing the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu base area, completely bankrupting the enemy's plot to trap the Red Army in the grassland.

      On September 3, Zhang Guotao called the Party Central Committee, pointing out that due to the rise of the Gequ River, it was impossible to ford and build bridges in vain, and food was difficult. Turn back to Aba. It also proposed to take advantage of the situation to lure the enemy to advance north, and the Left and Right Route Army took the opportunity to go south to fight back against Songpan. Since Zhang Guotao publicly criticized the central government's policy of going north, and returned to Aba in action, he planned to go south to fight back against Songpan. This completely destroyed the northward deployment of the Party Central Committee to concentrate the left and right armies on Banyou and jointly develop east of the Taohe River Basin. However, Zhang Guotao was even more reluctant to go north after arriving in Aba. On September 8, Zhang Guotao sent a secret telegram to Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao to lead the right army southward. After learning of the news, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an informal meeting at the residence of Comrade Zhou Enlai. Zhang Wentian, Mao Zedong, Wang Jiaxiang, Bo Gu, Zhou Enlai, Xu Xiangqian, and Chen Changhao attended the meeting. The meeting decided to order Zhang Guotao to go north.

      In view of Zhang Guotao’s refusal of the central government’s orders, and his splitting action of threatening the Party Central Committee and the Right Route Army to go south, in order to realize the strategic plan of going north without losing the opportunity, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decisively took corresponding emergency measures: On the evening of September 9, the Party Central Committee An emergency meeting was held in Brazil, and it was decided to lead a total of 8,000 people from the First and Third Armies, the First Column of the Military Commission, and the Red Army University to escape from danger quickly, leave Brazil the next morning, and head north first. Since then, the designations of the Right Route Army and the Left Route Army have ceased to exist.

Eighteenth Day of the Long March August 13, 2020

Ruoergai County - Lazikou Scenic Area - Hadapu Red Army Long March Memorial Hall - Minxian County, Dingxi City 430km

On September 12, 1935, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting in the Russian border in Gansu. Twenty-one people attended the meeting, including Zhang Wentian, Bo Gu, Mao Zedong, Wang Jiaxiang, Kai Feng, Liu Shaoqi, Deng Fa, Ye Jianying, Lin Boqu, Li Weihan, and Yang Shangkun. The meeting discussed Zhang Guotao's mistakes of splitting the party, splitting the Red Army and the issue of army reorganization.

The meeting decided to reorganize the main force of the Red Army and the troops directly under the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission into the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.

Lazikou is located in the northeast of Diebu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province. It is the gateway from northwest Sichuan to Gannan, and has always been a battleground for military strategists. Lazikou is surrounded by lofty mountains, with steep rock cliffs over 100 meters high on the east and west sides, like cutting with a knife and an axe. In the middle is a pass with a width of about 8 meters. Lazi River rushes out of the gorge. There is only a line of blue sky, the terrain is dangerous, easy to defend and difficult to attack, it can be said that "one man guards the gate, ten thousand men cannot open it". At this time, the Red Army had no way to retreat, and was surrounded by enemies: the Gansu warlords in the front, Liu Wenhui's troops chasing from Sichuan in the rear, Chieftain Zhuoni Yang's troops in the surrounding area, and the main force in the south of Hu Zong. The natural barrier of Lazikou not only failed to realize the central government's idea of ​​going north to resist Japan, but the Red Army would also face the danger of being encircled by the enemy, and even had no chance to turn around and go south and return to the grassland. Therefore, Mao Zedong decisively issued an order to take down Lazikou within two days.

In the early morning of September 17, the natural danger of Lazikou was fully conquered, and the Kuomintang's attempt to prevent the Red Army from going northward to fight against Japan was completely bankrupt. The Battle of Lazikou is a famous battle in military history where the weak defeated the strong and won by surprise. It was also the most critical battle for the Red Army's Long March to enter Gansu. In this battle, the Red Army broke through the last pass in the Long March and opened up a passage for the smooth entry into the Shaanxi-Gansu region.

On September 18, the vanguard of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army arrived at Hadapu, south of Minshan County, Gansu Province. On the 21st, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China entered Hadapu.

Therefore, today's itinerary is to start from Ruoergai County, visit Lazikou and Hadapu, and then choose an opportunity to stay. When we approached Lazikou, we turned back and rushed to Hadapu due to road construction that prohibited traffic. After arriving at Hadapu, the staff had already left work, so we directly chose Dingxi Min County for accommodation.

      On September 22, 1935, while Mao Zedong and others were in Hadapu, they learned about the general situation of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi through the KMT newspaper. On that day, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, etc. held a meeting of cadres above the regiment. Mao Zedong announced at the meeting that he would go to northern Shaanxi, where Liu Zhidan's Red Army was located. And announced that there are three columns under the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment. Lin Biao of the first column was the commander, Nie Rongzhen was the political commissar; Peng Xuefeng was the commander of the second column, Li Fuchun was the political commissar; Ye Jianying was the commander of the third column, and Deng Fa was the political commissar.

      On the evening of September 27, 1935, the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment arrived at Bangluo Town, southwest of Tongwei County. In a primary school in this town, the troops also obtained many Kuomintang newspapers and magazines, learned about some new situations, and further enhanced their understanding of the Shaanxi-Gansu revolutionary base areas and their grasp of the national revolutionary situation.

　　In the evening of the same day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting of the Politburo Standing Committee in Bangluo Township. The meeting studied and determined the future strategic policy, and made an important decision to use the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area as the foothold of the Red Army's Long March.

　　In the early morning of September 28, the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment braved the drizzle and held a company-level cadre meeting on a threshing field west of Bangluo Town Primary School. At the meeting, Mao Zedong made a report on the current situation and tasks. It expounds the economic and political conditions that the north can become a new anti-Japanese front, and puts forward the action policy of avoiding fighting with the Kuomintang army and quickly concentrating in the Shaanxi-Gansu revolutionary base areas. He also proposed to rectify discipline, pay full attention to mass work, publicize the significance of the Red Army going north to resist Japan, and pay attention to the expansion of new soldiers and other issues. In his report, Mao Zedong issued a resounding call, "For the sake of the nation and to prevent the Chinese people from being subjugated slaves, let us go forward!" Mao Zedong's report greatly encouraged all the commanders and fighters of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment, and further strengthened the belief that the revolution must win .

　　On September 29, the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment advanced into Tongwei County, which was the first county occupied by the Red Army after the Long March out of the grass. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to take a three-day rest here to restore physical strength and prepare ideologically and materially for entering the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area. That night, 7,000 Red Army officers and soldiers held a gala at Confucian Temple Street Primary School in the east of the city. At the meeting, Mao Zedong and other central leaders met with a column and a group of vanguard companies stationed here, and the soldiers took the opportunity to invite Mao Zedong to perform. Mao Zedong accepted it readily, and recited aloud the "Seven Laws of the Long March" that he had prepared in Hadapu: The Red Army is not afraid of difficulties in expeditions, and thousands of rivers and mountains are just waiting for leisure. Wuling meanders with fine waves, and Wumeng walks with majestic Niwan. The sandy water is warm against the clouds and the cliffs, but the iron cables across the Dadu Bridge are cold. I like the snow a thousand miles away in Minshan Mountain, and the three armies are all happy after passing.

      In the early morning of October 2, the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment set off from Tongwei County after a rest and embarked on the final journey to the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area. Subsequently, the troops entered Jieshipu, controlled the Xilan Highway, crossed Liupan Mountain, fought fiercely at Helianwan, and arrived at Wuqi Town on the 19th, successfully ending the long march of the Party Central Committee and the Central Red Army.

The Nineteenth Day of the Long March August 14, 2020

Min County, Dingxi, Gansu——Huining, Baiyin, Gansu—passing through Jingning County and Jiangjun Fort, Ningxia——Sanhe Town, Haiyuan, Suzhongwei 460km

      At the beginning of October 1935, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other comrades led the Central Red Army, crossed Liupan Mountain, passed through Xiji, Haiyuan, Longde, Guyuan and other places, and arrived in northern Shaanxi. When crossing Liupan Mountain, Comrade Mao Zedong was full of pride and wrote the famous poem "Qingpingle Liupan Mountain", which made Liupan Mountain famous all over the world. "Qingpingle Liupan Mountain" Mao Zedong The sky is high and the clouds are light, and the geese flying south can be seen. If you don't reach the Great Wall, you are not a hero, and the journey is only 20,000. On the peak of Liupan Mountain, the red flag blows in the westerly wind. With the long tassel in hand today, when will the Canglong be bound?

       Liupanshan Red Army Long March Memorial Hall is located on Liupanshan in Longde County, Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, which was missed in the strategy.

     Three Armies Join Forces

      In June 1935, the Central Red Army and the Fourth Red Army joined forces in Maogong, Sichuan. Because Zhang Guotao pursued a split line, the two armies separated immediately after meeting, the Fourth Red Army went south, and the Central Red Army went north alone. On the way to the south, Zhang Guotao established a separate "central government". Later, Zhang Guotao was forced to cancel the pseudo-central government. On July 1, 1936, the Second Red Army and the Fourth Red Army joined forces in Ganzi, Xikang. On October 9, the Red First and Red Fourth Front Army joined forces in Huining, Gansu[1]. On October 22, the Red First and Red Second Front Army joined forces at Jiangtaibao, Xiji County, Ningxia. So far, the Red Army's Long March has ended victoriously. The Red Army's Long March lasted for one year, spanning eleven provinces and traveling 25,000 miles. The Long March of the Fourth Red Front Army lasted one year and seven months, passing through four provinces and traveling nearly ten thousand miles. The Long March of the Second Red Front Army lasted eleven months, passed through eight provinces, and traveled more than 16,000 miles. There is also the Long March of the 25th Red Army starting from Hejiachong, the revolutionary base of Hubei, Henan and Anhui.

In May 1936, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China planned to march westward to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border. The first was to expand the base area, and the second was to support the second and fourth front armies to join forces in the north, creating conditions for the three armies to join forces.

In October 1936, the three main forces of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants joined forces in Huining, marking the end of the Long March.

The 20th day of the Long March August 15, 2020

Ningxia Haiyuan—Wuqi Town, Northern Shaanxi—Yan’an 630km

        Arrived at Wuqi Town (the end of the Central Red Army’s Long March) at 4:00 p.m., finished dinner at 8:00 p.m., and drove for two hours to Yan’an for accommodation.

   Wuqi Town is the foothold and starting point of the Long March of the Central Red Army. So far, our real Long March has come to an end, and tomorrow we will start our pilgrimage to Yan’an and our return journey.

The 21st day of the Long March August 16, 2020

Pagoda Mountain—Zaoyuan—Yangjialing—Yan’an Revolutionary Memorial Hall

Pagoda Mountain is 1135.5 meters high. The pagoda on the mountain was first built in the Tang Dynasty and is now a Ming Dynasty building. Octagonal in plane, nine floors, about 44 meters high, and a pavilion-style brick tower. After the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was stationed in Yan'an, this ancient tower became a symbol and symbol of a revolutionary holy place. Next to the tower is an iron bell cast in the Ming Dynasty. When the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was in Yan'an, it was used to tell the time and call the police.

      Zaoyuan was originally a manor of a landlord. From October 1943 to March 1947, the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China moved here from Yangjialing, led the whole party's rectification movement and large-scale production movement, and prepared to hold the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Victory in the Anti-Japanese War.

       Yangjialing was the residence of the leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from November 1938 to March 1947. In July 1939, Zhou Enlai set off from Yangjialing station to give a report to the Central Party School. On the way, he was frightened while riding a horse. He fell on the rock and fractured his right arm. Due to the poor medical conditions at that time, he was permanently disabled and his right arm could only bend six degrees. Ten degrees.

 From 1935 to 1948, Yan'an was the seat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the general rear of the Chinese people's liberation struggle. During the thirteen years, it experienced a series of influences such as the War of Resistance Against Japan, the War of Liberation, the Rectification Movement, the Mass Production Movement, and the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. and major events that changed the course of Chinese history. In particular, the Yan'an spirit of self-reliance, hard work, seeking truth from facts, and serving the people wholeheartedly cultivated by Mao Zedong and other revolutionaries of the older generation is a precious treasure in the spiritual treasure house of the Chinese nation and has become an important spirit for the people of the whole country to unite in socialist modernization. pillar.

The 22nd day of the Long March August 17, 2020

Yan'an - Nanniwan - Yellow Emperor Mausoleum - Xi'an 360km

Nanniwan and the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, both of which are under the jurisdiction of Yan'an

The 23rd day of the Long March August 18, 2020

Xi'an Day Tour

       Big Wild Goose Pagoda, also known as "Ci'en Temple Pagoda", was built in Tang Dynasty. The tower is 64 meters high, and the tower body, bucket arches and column foreheads are all green brick imitation wood structures. A five-story brick pagoda built by Master Xuanzang to enshrine the Buddha statues, relics and Sanskrit classics brought back from India, now has seven floors.

Stay in Luoyang on August 19

August 20 to Jinan

Return to Shenzhen on August 24, stay at Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi at night, and arrive in Shenzhen on the evening of 25.

       The revolutionary optimism spirit of the Red Army, which is not afraid of hardships, sacrifices and victories, is our inexhaustible source of spiritual strength.