foreword
The ethnic culture in southeast Guizhou is gorgeous and colorful. It is known as "a paradise of singing and dancing, a sea of festivals, a thousand islands of culture" and "an ecological museum of ethnic culture". There are 46 ethnic groups such as Miao, Dong, Han, Buyi, Shui, Yao, Zhuang, and Tujia living in southeastern Guizhou. Antique buildings such as Miao villages, Dong villages, and ancient cities have been preserved to this day. Batik, embroidery, ancient papermaking, silver forging, Traditional cultural activities such as folk songs are still sung in the mountains. The winter in southeast Guizhou is the most lively season for festivals. Here we will first celebrate a different Dong New Year in the Dong Village. During this trip, we will also appreciate the splendid and colorful intangible cultural heritage and ethnic cultural customs of Southeast Guizhou.
About the itinerary
DAY1 Morning: Train Wuhan --- Guilin North --- Congjiang County Afternoon: Congjiang to Basha Miao Village: The Last Gunner Tribe Evening: Congjiang to Liping Accommodation: Liping County
DAY2 Morning: Liping Conference Site, Liping Conference Memorial Hall, Qiao Street, Red Army Bridge on Bazhou River Afternoon: Dong Year in Zhaoxing Dong Village, Evening: Dreamy Zhaoxing Song and Dance Drama Accommodation: Zhaoxing Dong Village
DAY3 full day: Zhaoxing Dong Village Dong cultural experience, official accommodation: Zhaoxing Dong Village
DAY 4 AM: Go to Jianhe, soak Miaojiang "Holy Water Hot Spring" Afternoon: Go to Zhenyuan, visit Zhenyuan Ancient City at night Accommodation: Zhenyuan Ancient City
DAY 5 am: Go to Danzhai Intangible Cultural Heritage Town to experience the ancient papermaking intangible cultural heritage project. Afternoon: Go to Langde Miao Village: where the Olympic flame passed. Go to Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village, the largest gathering place of Miao nationality in the world. Accommodation: Xijiang Miao Village
DAY 6 am: After visiting the ancient alley of Gage in Xijiang Miao Village, go to Xiasi Ancient Town in Kaili City. Afternoon: train Kaili South---Wuhan, end the trip. Celebrating the Dong Year in Zhaoxing Dong Village
Zhaoxing, the largest Dong village in China. The stockade is surrounded by mountains on all sides, and two streams merge into a small river to pass through the stockade. It was selected as "one of the six ancient villages and towns in China" by "China National Geographic" and "the most attractive town in the world" by "National Geographic of the United States". One of the 33 destinations in the The first day of November in the lunar calendar is the Year of the Dong. As an intangible cultural heritage, the Year of the Dong is a traditional festival for the Dong people to worship their ancestors, reunite with their families and celebrate a good harvest every year. People use frozen vegetables to worship their ancestors, and celebrate the festival through Dong opera, eating New Year's rice, and holding bullfighting competitions.
At this time of year, Dong young men and women will find their partners through activities such as antiphonal singing and reed dancing. The scene is very lively. Dream Zhaoxing has a series of activities with Dong cultural characteristics.
We were fortunate to come to the largest Dong village in my country - the Zhaoxing Dong village in Liping, Guizhou, which allowed us to experience a joyful national annual festival.
On the eve of Dong's New Year, every household cleans the front and back of the house, slaughters pigs and cattle, puts on new clothes, and greets the New Year happily.
In the Dong years, eating is more particular. In addition to pigs, cattle, chickens, ducks, glutinous rice, wine, sugar, etc., there are also frozen fish, salted fish, and salted meat. Especially frozen fish, which is an indispensable delicacy during the Dong New Year, is delicious, sweet and slightly sour, moderately spicy, and very appetizing.
The Dong New Year usually lasts for 5 to 6 days. The Dong New Year is not only a feast of entertainment, but also a food exhibition.
It shows the joy of the Dong people after a good harvest. There are fragrant glutinous rice, newly brewed rice wine, plump fish and shrimp, mature chicken and duck, fresh and tender fish jelly, as well as pickled fish and bacon, all kinds of sour vegetables, and blood red cold food. Wait, these delicacies are dizzying and mouth-watering. Long table banquet: big scene and strong atmosphere
The Dong nationality is a nation with many festivals, and it is also a nation with simple folk customs and hospitality. Whenever guests from afar come, people will entertain them with their unique national characteristics, so that the guests can deeply feel the enthusiasm of the Dong people and the profound Dong culture.
The long-table banquet is the most distinctive eating custom in Zhaoxing Dong Village, also known as "close-up banquet".
The closing banquet has a large scene, strong atmosphere, high standards, and sincerity. It is people's respect for and honor to guests.
Walking into this "the first village in Dong Township", singing is everywhere under the drum tower and in the karaoke hall.
Dong folk songs: polyphonic, unconducted, unaccompanied Dong chorus is a multi-voiced, unconducted, unaccompanied, natural chorus folk chorus form in the Dong area of China, which originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,500 years ago.
In 1986, at the Golden Autumn Art Festival in Paris, France, the Dong Nationality Song represented by Liping County surprised everyone when it appeared, and was praised as "the music that shines like a clear spring, and the melody that skims the edge of ancient dreams". In 2009, the Dong Nationality Song was included in the Representative List of the World's Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Dong Village Intangible Cultural Heritage Activities: Carrying Officials
Today is the first day of the Dong Year in Zhaoxing Dong Village, and the "carrying officials" is the most lively event today, and it is a traditional cultural activity that the Dong people love very much.
In today's minus several degrees, they jumped directly into the small river to catch fish and perform.
"Official Carrier" is said to commemorate a young national hero named Wu Zhihe. He used his own power to fight fiercely against many foreign invaders, mediate disputes between villages, and let everyone live and work in peace and contentment. He was named "General of Zhennan". Watching him parade through the streets and alleys, accepting everyone's thanksgiving service.
Many families in the Dong village are happy to dress up their children as "officials" to participate in the parade, hoping that their children will grow up and become talented people like Wu Zhihe after sitting in the "official sedan chair".
Some young "official officials" smeared their faces in order to ward off evil spirits and get rid of diseases, and at the same time added to the comedy color of the event. Lipingqiao Street: also known as "Bandan Street"
Liping Qiao Street Scenic Spot is located in Defeng Town, where Liping County is located. Because the middle section of the main street of Qiao Street is concave and the two ends are slowly raised, it is called "Qiao Street". Because of its shape, it is also known as "Bandan Street".
Misty and rainy, wandering in a real version of "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
At present, Qiaojie has relatively completely maintained the traditional layout and style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. From a distance, Qiaojie is lined with rows of fire walls and courtyards, one after another.
The wings and corners of the Fenghuo wall are flying up, the paintings on the wall are exquisite and delicate, and the doors and windows of the house are decorated with simple and simple patterns, just like a real version of "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Qiaojie also has attractions such as the site of the Liping Conference, the Memorial Hall of the Liping Conference, the Liping Lianghu Hall, and the gloomy fir tree. Liping Conference Memorial Hall: An Important Conference in the History of Chinese Revolution
The Liping meeting is an important meeting in the history of Chinese revolution. The place where the meeting was held was in a shop on Qiaojie. Now the old site of the meeting has been built into the core scenic spot of Qiaojie, which can be visited for free.
At the end of 1934, the main Red Army of the Central Committee fought a bloody battle on the Xiangjiang River and broke through the enemy's fourth blockade at a heavy price. At this time, the Red Army was shrouded in pessimism and a tendency to disperse guerrilla warfare.
After the Red Army captured Liping, a meeting was held here, which re-determined the direction of the troops and corrected the wrong policy of Bo Gu and Li De. This was a great turning point in the course of the Chinese revolution. Liping Red Army Bridge: The only way for villagers to enter and exit the village
This wooden bridge was built jointly with the local people when the Red Army passed by Shangshaozhai on the Long March in December 1934, hence the name "Red Army Bridge".
The Bazhou River swells almost every year, and the wooden bridge is often washed away by the flood.
In order to protect the Red Army Bridge, the local people have voluntarily maintained and renovated the wooden bridge every year for decades. Today, the bridge is still the only way for hundreds of villagers in Shangshaozhai to enter and exit the village. No. 1 in the world: Natural Bridge
There is a kind of bridge, which is not made by man, but comes from nature. It is a natural bridge formed by rock erosion! This pure natural natural stone bridge has exquisite structure, smooth arch bottom and unconventional rock formations on the vault top, which makes people marvel at the uncanny workmanship of nature.
Liping Natural Bridge has a total length of 256 meters, a bridge width of 118 meters, an arch height of 36.6 meters, a rock formation of 40 meters thick on the vault, and a span of 138.4 meters. On January 15, 2001, Liping Tiansheng Bridge also won the certificate of Guinness World Best. Basha Miao Village: The last tribe of gunmen in the world
The last tribe in China that can hold guns is "Basha Miao Village". The Basha men have always "keep their guns on their bodies and their knives on their waists". They wear muskets and shave their heads with a sickle and a series of ancient living customs, which are praised by experts as: living Terracotta Warriors.
The ancient heritage of the Miao nationality has been preserved here, and it is called the only surviving preserver of the Miao nationality and "the living fossil of the Miao nationality culture" by folklorists and ethnologists.
Natural Ecology Museum - located on the mountainside, with a lush virgin forest on the top, and continuous layers of terraced fields on the bottom, surrounded by clouds and mist, gushing springs, birds singing, quiet and peaceful.
Basha people believe that such a comfortable life mainly depends on the precious land selected by their ancestors. Because it is hidden in the dense forest, the people in the whole village can not be disturbed by external disturbances and wars. Therefore, Basha people especially worship trees and worship trees as gods.
Basha people say: "Man comes from nature and returns to nature; he does not bring a thread with birth, and he does not take an inch of wood with death."
Men in Basha wear buns and wear clothes made of homemade cloth, known as "French and Han fashion in the Qin Dynasty". The bun is placed on the top of the head, which is called "hu stick" in Miao language. The surrounding hair is shaved with a sickle. They knew that they were already familiar with the road, but seeing such a big scythe waving on top of their heads was still very scary.
Jianhe Shengshui Hot Spring: The only hot spring with Miao and Dong cultural elements in China
Jianhe Hot Spring in Southeast Guizhou is the only hot spring with Miao and Dong cultural elements in China. It is the first of the three famous natural hot springs in Guizhou Province. It is located in Wenquan Village, Censong Town, Jianhe County. It is a rare radon-sulfur hot spring in China. , The hot spring water is rich in more than 40 kinds of trace elements that are beneficial to the human body, and enjoys the reputation of "Holy Water of Miao Township".
Suddenly, after hearing a gong, someone shouted "Add Miao medicine", and hurriedly followed the sound, only to realize that there is such a ceremony to soak in a hot spring, which is really rare.
The Shengshui Hot Spring City in Jianhe Miao Township is surrounded by green hills. From a distance, the trees are verdant and verdant. One-stop service can meet the needs of catering, accommodation, entertainment, entertainment, recuperation and so on.
No matter which room you live in, you can see a beautiful scenery as far as you can see, and you can enjoy a rare tranquility here.
[Traffic] 1. Kaili Ximahe Bus Station, Kaili South Station, and Sansui South Station all have direct trains to Jianhe Hot Spring City Scenic Area. 2. Guiyang Longdongbao Airport: Transfer to Sansui High-speed Railway at Guiyang Longdongbao Airport, or take a shuttle bus to East Station (the first bus at 9:30 in the morning, the second bus at 11:20, and the first bus at 2:30 in the afternoon) , the second shift at 5:30) After getting off at Sansui, change to a through train for the scenic spot to Jianhe Hot Spring City. 3. Please search for the self-driving route in the map: Jianhe Hot Spring Town Ancient City: A Museum of Chinese Mountain Cliff Architectural Culture
Zhenyuan Ancient City is a small town surrounded by mountains and rivers in southeast Guizhou. It is located on the bank of Wuyang River and surrounded by mountains. The Wuyang River winds through the city in an "S" shape, just like a Tai Chi diagram, with the old Fucheng on the north bank and the old Acropolis on the south bank. Both cities were built in the Ming Dynasty, and there are still some walls and gates.
In the city, there are ancient streets, ancient alleys and winding paths, well-proportioned stone bridges and city walls, clear water and morning mist, and spring river fishing boats full of poetry. The value and humanistic value are extremely high.
There are quite a lot of ancient buildings, traditional dwellings, and historical docks inside and outside the city. It is a museum of Chinese mountainous cliff-cliff architectural culture.
Its architectural style is blue bricks and black tiles, high-sealed fire walls, cornices and corners, carved beams and painted buildings. Every bluestone slab and every blue brick records historical relics, weeping about the vicissitudes of the thousand-year-old town.
The ancient city was built with military system fortresses such as the Temple of War, city walls, front fire towers, forts, and forts. The ancient city of Zhenyuan is a place of "beautiful mountains and rivers".
The ancient town of Zhenyuan was located at the junction of the "Wuxi Man" and the "Baiyue People" in history. In 227 BC, King Zhao of Qin established Zhenyuan County in 30 years. It has a history of more than 2,200 years, and it has been the seat of Taoism and government for more than 700 years in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.
Zhenyuan has always been known as "the key of Yunnan and Chu, the gateway of eastern Guizhou". After the suppression of Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty, Zhenyuan Mansion was established as the number one military town in eastern Guizhou.
I remember that I came to Zhenyuan once in 2014. When I was going to another destination, I still had plenty of time. I found an ancient city here from the Baidu map, so I came here to take a look.
Zhusheng Bridge is a landmark building in the ancient city of Zhenyuan, and the locals call it the Old Bridge. The whole bridge is built with bluestone, showing the vicissitudes of history. I have been to the ancient city of Fenghuang several times before I came here. I feel that there is no excessive commercial development here. This is a good place to live a slow life and a real paradise. People linger. Of course, I later learned that Zhenyuan is also a famous ancient city, but I and my surrounding friends didn’t know about it at the time.
This time I feel that the ancient town still has some changes. I remember that the bronze elephant was on the bridge at that time. It is said that it has been moved to the shore to protect the ancient bridge building.
It turned out that there were several large characters on the mountain, but they have now been removed. Now the mountains in the ancient city are greener, the water is clearer, and the infrastructure is more complete.
As the night falls and the lights come on, the mountains of the ancient city are greener, the water is clearer, and the infrastructure is more complete. Danzhai: Home of Intangible Cultural Heritage
Today we came to Danzhai, which is called "Chiyou's place of sacrifice, Danzhai on the cloud". From a former impoverished county to a famous "Internet celebrity town" today, Danzhai continues to bring new surprises to people. Danzhai is the only place in the whole country that fully preserves the "Festival of Sacrifice to Chiyou". Chiyou, Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang are called the three ancestors of China and the ancestors of the Miao nationality. Danzhai is a settlement on the migration route of several Miao people in history, and there are many place names named after "You".
The ethnic culture of Danzhai is distributed in seven towns in the county, and the ethnic cultures of many villages and towns with characteristic villages are the best of Guizhou and even Chinese folk culture.
"Danzhai on the Cloud·Healthy Land", Danzhai County is located in the southeast of Guizhou, where the Miao, Dong and other ethnic minorities gather. There are countless precious intangible cultural heritage resources. The whole county of Danzhai is included in the list of intangible cultural heritage. There are as many as 145 items, including 7 national-level intangible cultural heritage items and 21 provincial-level intangible cultural heritage items in Guizhou. It is a veritable "Hometown of Intangible Cultural Heritage in China".
There are 7 national intangible cultural heritages in Danzhai, they are: Miao Batik, Ancient Papermaking, Miao Golden Pheasant Dance, Jia, Miao Nian, Miao Costumes, Miao Mangtong Lusheng Sacrificial Music and Dance.
In addition, the Miao Guqin Dance, Drum Turning Festival, Miao Calendar, Miao Bird Clothes, etc. are listed as intangible cultural heritage of Guizhou Province.
[Traffic]: Take the high-speed rail to Sandu County Station, transfer to a minibus to Danzhai County after exiting the station, and take bus No. 1 from Danzhai County to Wanda Jinji Square Station. Langde Miao Village: Where the Olympic Flame Passed
Langde is a Miao village in Leishan, Qiandongnan, Guizhou. It is located at the foot of Leigong Mountain, the main peak of Miaoling Mountain in the upper reaches of Bala River.
As soon as you enter the Langde Miao Village, you can feel the hospitable folk etiquette. There are charming songs and dances of the Miao people, gorgeous costumes of the Miao people, and unique wooden buildings on hanging feet.
Walking up the steps at the entrance of the village, you can see the old Miao people playing Lusheng on the ridge in front of the village gate. This simple melody of the Miao family is accompanied by the sound of the silver jewelry on the Miao family girl next to it, as if walking into another time and space. Complacent.
Before entering the Langde Miao village, accompanied by Lusheng music, you will see the beautiful girls of the Miao family in Miao costumes standing in two rows by the roadside, preparing wine and waiting for the guests.
Langde Miao Village is divided into Shanglangde and Xialangde. Shanglangde Miao Village is the most visited by everyone, and it has also become the representative of Langde Miao Village. See.
The performance here is just the original living place of the villagers, and the actors are also from the village. They acted by themselves without professional training. Through their simple performances, they directly hit the soul. This is also the charm of the nation, the charm of the Miao family.
Walking here is not only about the scenery on the road, but more about touching the soul directly. The starting ceremony of the 2008 Olympic torch relay at Kaili Station was held in Langde Shangzhai, and it is also the only Miao Village in China where the Olympic torch ignition ceremony has been held in history. Xijiang Miao Village: the largest Miao Village in the world
Xijiang Miao Village, also known as Qianhu Miao Village, is the largest Miao Village in the world. Thousands of Miao-style stilted buildings spread from the mountain to the foot of the mountain, covering the sky and covering the sky, just like a black gem inlaid in the green mountains and green waters, embracing the beauty that cannot be hidden.
Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village is surrounded by mountains on all sides, with overlapping peaks, terraced fields and clouds are connected by potential, and the Baishui River flows through the village, dividing Xijiang Miao Village into two parts. In the village, there are layers of stilted floors, built along the mountain, and continuous into a piece, with magnificent momentum, green mountains and green waters, forming a unique beauty.
The first thing you must drink when you come to Miao Village is the door wine, drink it if you like it, drink it if you don’t like it, drink it whether you like it or not, ha ha! If you like one drink, you can drink three if you don’t like it, haha!
The kindness of the Miao family, just feel free to experience it boldly!
The ancient alley is deep and beautiful, and there are many interesting small shops hidden, especially the experience shops of intangible cultural heritage, such as Miao embroidery, batik and so on.
There are seven wind and rain bridges in Xijiang Miao Village, spanning the Baishui River that flows through the Miao Village. The seven bridges are all made of fir as the main building material. They pay attention to the use of wood to connect with tenons, cross and stand vertically. They are usually composed of bridges, buildings, towers, pavilions and gates. In addition to being used for people to walk and rest, it can also shelter from wind and rain, so it is called Fengyu Bridge.
The hotel we stayed in tonight can enjoy the beautiful scenery of Qianhu Miao Village from the room. As the night falls, there are stars, bright lights, and bright scenery. Looking around, nearly thousands of stilted buildings are lined up in rows, and they are scattered all over the opposite hillside. For the spectacular.
Kaili Xiasi Ancient Town: An Important Material Distribution Center in Southeast Guizhou in Ancient Times
Xiasi Ancient Town Scenic Spot is located in Xiasi Town, Kaili City, Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province. It is located in the upper reaches of the Qingshui River. It is the main line area of the east line of the "Ancient Miaojiang Plank Road" and the "good port at the end" of the ancient golden waterway.
The unique geographical location leaves Jiangnan courtyards, Weipai architecture, southern Fujian architecture, Western architecture and Xiasi ethnic minority culture blending with each other, forming a diversified architectural feature and culture.
In the 13th year of Jiaqing (AD 1808), Xiasi was turned into a commercial port, and it developed into a busy city in the Republic of China, with water and land piers, and it was an important material distribution center in southeast Guizhou.
Looking down from the air, Xiasi Ancient Town, an important Shangfu town on the upper reaches of the Qingshui River, can imagine the prosperity of the past. There are hundreds of merchant ships moored on the river, and the lights on the ships are all night long, reflecting the river like stars.
Entering the ancient town, the environment is quiet, the ancient style is still the same, the green tile wooden buildings are built along the river, facing each other across the river, and you can enjoy the charm of the ancient town.
From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, the business here was particularly prosperous. There were long-term merchants from Guiyang, Anshun, Xingyi, and Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Fujian. Guild Hall, Fujian Guild Hall, etc. Although it has gone through vicissitudes, it is basically kept intact, with a number of historical culture and ancient buildings such as Yuwang Palace and Yangming Academy.
This ancient town, which has gone through a hundred years of vicissitudes, has always maintained the dream of youth just like Qingshui River, and maintained a powerful rhythm with Qingshui River.
[Traffic]: Take bus 302 at Kaili South High-speed Railway Station and get off at Xiasi Bridge. about food
Kaili Sour Soup Fish has a famous saying in Qiandongnan, "If you don't eat sour for three days, you can walk and salvage it." Sour soup dishes are very popular in all counties, cities, and ethnic groups in Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture, especially in the urban area of Kaili, so the outside world is collectively called Kaili Sour Soup Fish. In fact, there are two types of sour soup for making sour soup hot pot: Miao white sour soup and Dong red sour soup. Now it has developed into a series of sour soup diets, such as sour soup chicken, sour soup duck, sour soup dog meat, sour soup mutton, sour soup beef offal, sour soup big fish head, sour soup pig feet, sour soup large intestine, sour soup ribs, Sour soup snails and so on.