[Preface] Today is May 18, which happens to be the "International Museum Day"! When traveling, museums have always been a must-see for me. I have visited more than a dozen museums in Hebei Province in the past two years. Yu County is a large county of Chinese cultural relics, with many cultural relics, including as many as 22 national-level cultural relics protection units alone. It is a culturally advanced county, the home of Chinese paper-cut art, the home of Chinese folk art, and the best folk culture tourism city in China. In 2018, the State Council issued a letter of approval to list Yu County as a national historical and cultural city. This county with a long history and cultural relics has once again become the focus of attention from all walks of life. The rich cultural relics illustrate its profound historical heritage. As such a "county with the largest historical relics", the museum should be very distinctive. On May 18, 2017, it was called the "Oscar Award in the Chinese Museum Industry". The 14th selection of the top ten national museum exhibitions and exhibitions was held in Beijing. The results of the final evaluation were announced, and the "Exhibition of "Daiwei Long Song"" by Weizhou Museum won the Excellence Award. And among the winning museums of the ten boutique awards this year, Weizhou Museum is the only county-level museum. Come here, how can you miss it! How can one not look forward to visiting the "museum" of the "Museum Above Ground" on "International Museum Day"? So, here I come!
[Continued] Leave Gongdao Lane and drive about six kilometers to Weizhou Museum. After parking the car in the parking lot, I first saw two exhibition boards, one was an introduction to the Weizhou Museum, and the other was an introduction to the top ten "treasures of the town hall" of the Weizhou Museum, allowing visitors to have a basic understanding of the museum before entering the museum I have a full understanding of the key cultural relics. I like this way of introduction!
Although I did my homework before coming here, but reading it again here will definitely deepen my impression.
Yu County is known as the "Museum on the Ground" and has many cultural relics. There are as many as 22 national-level cultural relics protection units alone, ranking "National First" at the county level. The Weizhou Museum is currently the county-level museum with the largest building area and the largest exhibition area in Hebei Province.
There is a huge seal character "Wei" on the front wall of the Weizhou Museum. The pronunciation of this word should be popularized for travel friends. According to the interpretation of the Chinese dictionary, "Wei" is a two-syllable character, one is pronounced [wèi], which is the sound of "Wei", which means "luxury, grand", or describes "literary". The second is to read [yù], which is the sound of "jade", used as a place name, Yu County, Weizhou. But later, when we communicated with the museum tour guide who received us, I learned that in the local area, this sound is not pronounced as the fourth sound, but should be pronounced as the sound of "rain".
The opening hours of Weizhou Museum are from 9:00 am to 12:00 pm, and from 14:30 pm to 17:30 pm, with a two-and-a-half-hour break in between, which makes me feel bad. But fortunately, we are participating in the joint activities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Museum with a group. The Weizhou Museum gave us special treatment and let us enter the museum in advance, while ordinary tourists were turned away.
The construction area of Weizhou Museum is 13,000 square meters, and the main exhibition areas are on the first and second floors. A large stage was set up in the lobby on the first floor, with more than one hundred chairs placed under the stage, and an event will be held here at two o'clock.
Before the event starts, take the time to visit the boutique exhibition of Weizhou Museum - "Daiwei Long Song"!
The "Long Song of Dai Wei" exhibition tells the long history of Yu County through more than a thousand cultural relics from the ancient ape-man era to the end of the Qing Dynasty, and shows the glory and vicissitudes of Yu County in a panoramic manner. This plaster statue is the "Madam Daiguo Weeping and Shouting to Heaven" in the second unit.
The exhibition of "Dai Wei's Long Song" is divided into four units, the first unit is "Fertile Soil of Civilization". In this unit, a large number of cultural relics are used to describe the prehistoric civilization of Yu County that made special and remarkable historical contributions in the formation of the Chinese nation and Chinese civilization.
Remains of human activities from 2 million years ago were discovered in Yuxian County, because we will visit the Nihewan Museum tomorrow. To save time, I didn't watch it carefully here, but I still took pictures seriously and comprehensively. This is the first large showcase displaying animal bone fossils from the Paleolithic period discovered by archeology.
Judging from today's archaeological excavation results, the long history of Yu County starts from the Stone Age. The picture in the middle shows the human activity sites of the Paleolithic Age in Yu County in detail. In the small showcase are the early stone tools discovered by humans.
There are reliefs and clay sculptures in the museum, making the exhibition more colorful.
The Weizhou Museum has more than 6,800 pieces of various collections, and the rich and prosperous cultural background is amazing. The stone tools used by early humans and the skeleton fossils of animals that were hunted are displayed in the second large showcase.
The third large showcase leads us into the Neolithic Age, when pottery began to appear in large numbers. In the cultural relics of this period, we can smell the familiar information of Yangshao culture, Hongshan culture and Miaodigou culture.
From the photo above the showcase, we know that as early as 1978, the famous Chinese archaeologist Su Bingqi paid attention to this place as an important cultural relic in ancient times. Archaeological investigations and excavations were carried out in Yuxian County in the Qianhe River Basin.
In this showcase, we also saw the first "treasure of the town hall" of the Weizhou Museum - the painted pottery basin with a deep curved belly. This piece of pottery was unearthed at the Pipazui site in Yuxian County. It is made of muddy red pottery, with a closed mouth and flat edge, round lips and a bulging belly, the lower part of the belly is inclined inward, and a flat bottom. The mouth is decorated with black paint, and the shoulders and abdomen are painted with black rose flower patterns. These are the typical characteristics of the Miaodigou type of the Yangshao Culture in the Neolithic Age. Too bad it's just a replica.
From 1979 to 1982, the archaeological team excavated several Neolithic sites such as Sanguan, Siezi Lingluo, Sishilipo, and Pipazui in Yuxian County, and unearthed thousands of cultural relics of different cultural types in the Neolithic Age. They are important representatives of Yangshao Culture, Hongshan Culture and Northwest Hetao Culture.
The fourth large showcase displays faience fragments and decorations on pottery tablets found at these sites.
This is the fifth largest showcase, displaying restored Neolithic pottery. The area where Yu County is located is the intersection of three ancient cultures with different origins in the three regions of Western Liaoning, Central Plains and Hetao, and it is also a two-way channel for cultural exchanges between the North and the Central Plains.
The sixth largest showcase displays the unearthed stone tools made by the ancestors. The pictures on the top of the showcase tell us how the ancestors used these tools. Looking back at history, Yuxian County is located at the Sanchakou where Yangshao Culture, Hongshan Culture and Hetao Culture converge and merge, where the important roots of Chinese culture thrive and thrive.
The second unit of the "Dai Wei Long Song" exhibition is "Dai Di Chun Qiu". In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, a tribe established the Dai State in Yu County. During the Warring States Period, Zhao Xiangzi destroyed the Dai State and established the Dai Commandery. For the next few hundred years until the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was called "Dai". This unit mainly introduces Yu County in the so-called "Dai Di" period.
The story of Daidi must start from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, that is, the "ancient state period". During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, an ancient Rong tribe established Dai State on the banks of the Huliu River.
Two paragraphs of text from ancient books are engraved on the bamboo slip model. One is from "Lushi Chunqiu. Long Gong", "Going up to the summer house to look forward to replacing the vulgar is very beautiful", which means (Zhao Xiangzi) climbed Going up Xiawu Mountain, overlooking the land of Dai Kingdom, the scenery is very beautiful. The second is from "Zi Zhi Tong Jian. Han Ji", "I heard that during the whole generation, there were enemies of strong Hu in the north, and soldiers of China in the interior, but they still had to provide for the elderly, grow old and young, plant trees in time, and storehouses were always full of fruit. ", the Huns do not invade lightly", which means: (Wang Hui said when he replied to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) I heard that when Daiguo was maintaining its entire territory, there was a strong enemy Huns in the north. Containment, but still can respect the elderly, raise young children, plant grain and trees according to the seasons, there is always enough grain in the granary, and the Xiongnu dare not invade easily. These two passages express the situation of the country at that time.
This is "Picture of Farming and Animal Husbandry in Ancient Countries". The Dai State is located at the intersection of the farming civilization of the Central Plains and the nomadic civilization of the grasslands. This picture with the obvious Han Dynasty portrait brick style can see the elements of farming, nomadic and riding and hunting.
In this group of showcases, cultural relics from the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties discovered in Yu County are displayed.
In the display cabinet on the far right are several pieces of tortoise shells used for divination, which shows that the oracle culture of the Central Plains at that time had already affected here.
The large stone chimes and pottery basins also reflect the penetration of the ritual and music system in the Central Plains.
These rich and precious collections convey the echo of history, telling the prosperity and civilization that belonged to this land more than 2,000 years ago.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, in 475 B.C., Zhao Xiangzi, a senior official of the Jin State, sent someone to invite the Dai Wang, and killed him during the banquet. On the right is the story that happened in the ancient kingdom told in many historical records.
This is a map of the territory of the country before the extinction of the dynasty.
I saw a group of sculptures of Zhao Wuling Wang Hufu riding and shooting, suggesting that the story of "Dai Di" will enter the next chapter. During the Warring States period, according to the "Historical Records: Biography of the Xiongnu": "King Wuling of Zhao also changed the customs of the Hu suit, learned to ride and shoot, and broke through the Lin Hu and Lou Fan in the north. He built the Great Wall and merged it with Yinshan Mountain in the past. "Dai" refers to the area around Daiwang City in Yuxian County today.
In 475 B.C., Zhao Xiangzi, a doctor of the state of Jin, asked people to invite Dai Wang, and killed him during the banquet. After that, he raised troops to pacify Daidi, changed his nephew Zhao Zhou to be the king, and Daidi entered the "Daiguo Surnamed Zhao" period. This picture is the story of "Zhao Zhou Feng Jun Liguo".
Three generations of monarchs surnamed Zhao Daiguo, the one on the far left is Zhao Zhang, the next Daiguo monarch on the left. He is the eldest son of the hero king Zhao Wuling. , Leading to the "Change of the Dunes".
This showcase exhibits cultural relics from this period.
Good horses are born from generation to generation, which is recorded in many ancient books.
In the display cabinet in the middle of this exhibition hall, copper coins from the period of "Zhao surname Daiguo" are exhibited, including "Pingshou Fangzu Cloth Coin" and "Yanming Sword Coin".
There are also "cloth coins with flat heads and pointed feet" and "Zhao Zhidao coins".
There have been two "changes in the sand dunes" in Chinese history, and this is the first time. It is said that in 295 BC, Zhao Zhang, the former prince and current king of Zhao, and Zhao He, the current Huiwen king of Zhao, failed in their struggle for power. The change in the sand dunes led to three consequences. One is that the hero of the generation, King Zhao Wuling, was starved to death in the sand dunes; The era of "Dai Guo" ended, and the era of "Dai Jun" began.
This large showcase displays the cultural relics of this era and tells the story of "Zhao Guodai County". Let's take a look at it in sections:
Compared with the "Daiguo" era, the "Daijun" era has more "blood and fire". The bronze swords, spears, and arrow clusters are displayed on the far left of this large showcase.
Bronze chariots and horses symbolize the strength of a country in this era. The military strength of a country is reflected in the number of chariots.
Li Mu, one of the four famous generals of the Warring States Period, once fought against the Huns here.
Decorations, such as jade wares and bronze belt hooks, are also on display in this large showcase.
There is also a group of "bell weaving" and "white jade ring" on display here. When I saw this, I immediately thought of an idiom "Huan Pei Ding"!
This is another point in time——Zhao Jialiguo. In March of 228 BC, Wang Jian led the Qin army to break through Handan and captured Zhao Wangqian. The son Zhao Jia led the Zhao army to flee to Dai County, proclaimed himself the king of Dai, and opened the era of "Dai Guo" again. Unfortunately, this period was not long. Only six years later, that is, in 222 AD, King Yingzheng of Qin destroyed the weak Dai State on the way to destroy Yan State and return to the army, and here entered the era of "Qin Dynasty Daijun" .
In the showcase next to it is a sand table of an aristocratic tomb in the Warring States Period, which was excavated by the Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics, Zhangjiakou City Cultural Relics Management Office, and Yu County Museum in 2002 to cooperate with the construction of the second phase of the Shacheng-Yu County Railway Project. The tomb is located in the southwest of Beishuangjian Village, Yangzhuangan Township, Yuxian County.
The tomb is of a very high standard and rich in cultural relics. It can be called another high-standard tomb of the Warring States Period discovered in Hebei Province after the tomb of Zhongshan King in the Warring States Period. Above the showcase are photos from the archaeological excavation.
The third story of "The Wind and Cloud of the Land" is "The Beacon Frontier", which tells the story that happened here during the Qin and Han Dynasties.
After Qin Shihuang unified China, he abolished the enfeoffment system and implemented the system of prefectures and counties, and Daidi became the "Daijun" of the Qin Dynasty.
There are many pictures in this exhibition hall, you can take a good look. This painting is about Qin Shihuang's fourth tour, reaching Daijun.
In 210 BC, the second "Sand Dune Change" occurred, and Qin Shihuang died suddenly during his last tour. Hu Hai and Zhao Gao coerced Li Si to usurp the throne, abolished the prince Fusu, and bestowed death on him, and changed Hu Hai to be the second emperor of Qin. Later, he killed the brothers Meng Tian and Meng Yi in Dai County.
After Liu Bang won the world in 201 BC, he named his elder brother Liu Xi, also known as Liu Zhong as Daiwang, and entered the period of "Han Dynasty Daiguo" from then on. Later, when the Xiongnu invaded, Liu Xi abandoned his country and fled.
Liu Ruyi was young and unable to govern, and the power was controlled by Chen Xi. Later, Chen Xi rebelled and proclaimed himself the acting king. In 196 BC, Liu Bang led his troops to put down the rebellion of Chen Xi, who was 7 years old. Emperor Wen of Han was the acting king. After that, five "dai kings" surnamed Liu successively enfeoffed here.
"Daidi" is located at the intersection of the farming civilization of the Central Plains and the nomadic civilization of the grasslands, and has always been the frontier of wars and conflicts. There have been many wars between the army of the Han Dynasty and the army of the Huns here, and there are specific records in "Historical Records".
Many people don't know Feng Tang, but they have read Su Dongpo's "Jiangchengzi. Hunting in Mizhou" "The old man is talking about being a teenager..." There is a sentence in Xia Que, "When will Feng Tang be sent in Chijie Yunzhong?" here It is about the story that Emperor Wen of Han sent Feng Tang to Yunzhong County to pardon Wei Shang. In "Historical Records", Sima Qian specially combined Zhang Shizhi and Feng Tang into a "biography".
In this exhibition hall, there is the second "treasure of the town hall" of the Weizhou Museum - the bronze painted goose fish lamp. The bronze painted goose and fish lamp is a cultural relic of the Western Han Dynasty, unearthed in Yangzhuang Township, Yuxian County in 2012.
The goose and fish lamp is cast in bronze, and the whole is in the shape of a swan goose looking back and holding a fish. The whole is composed of four parts: the head and neck of the goose, the body and feet of the goose, the lamp panel, and the lampshade. Webbed, painted all over the body.
The goose's beak is opened to hold a fish. The body of the fish is short and fat, and the lampshade is connected to it. The neck of the goose is connected with the body of the goose with the mouth of the mother and the mother. The body of the fish, the neck of the goose and the body cavity are all hollow. The lamp panel is round, with straight walls and a shallow abdomen. There are two straight wall edges inside, and a lamp handle attached to one side to control the lamp The disk turns.
The lampshade is designed as two arc-shaped plates, which can be opened and closed by turning left and right, which can not only block the wind, but also adjust the brightness and angle of the light. The lamp can also be disassembled freely for easy cleaning. The four parts of the Yanyu lamp can be disassembled and assembled freely, which is convenient for scrubbing.
The bodies of the wild geese and the fish are hollow, and the lampshade blocks the fumes from lighting the kerosene or white wax. The smoke is introduced into the body of the goose through the neck of the fish and the goose, which prevents the indoor air from being polluted by the cooking fume.
More than 2,000 years ago, the Chinese invented lamps that can adjust the brightness and angle of light, and can also prevent the burning smoke from polluting the air. The design of the goose fish lamp is exquisite and reasonable, and it has achieved the perfect unity of function and form. It is a rare art treasure.
In the third year of Yuanding, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, that is, in 114 BC, Liu Yi, the seventh generation king, changed his title to King Qinghe, canceled the feudal state of Daidi, and changed it to Daijun. Here we entered the era of "Han Dynasty County". This showcase displays cultural relics from this period.
The portrait at the top of the left half is the prime minister Li Cai. In 124 BC, when Wei Qing fought against the Xiongnu, Li Cai led the Dai army to go out with him and defeated the Xiongnu. The cultural relics below are those unearthed from the Western Han coin casting site in Yangzhuangke, Yuxian County. There are mother molds, bronze mold cores, pliers for casting coins, and unfinished five baht coins.
At the top of the right half is the introduction of the successive prefects of Daijun in this era, including the famous parachutist Li Guang.
Below the right half are cultural relics of this era unearthed in Yu County, mainly living utensils.
This area focuses on the "Daiwang City Ruins" and the cultural relics found in Daiwang City.
In the center of the exhibition hall is a large sand table of "Daiwang City". The ruins of Daiwang City are located in Daiwang Township, 20 li east of Yu County, Hebei. The city wall was built in the Zhou Dynasty, and there is a ruins of the city wall about 2 meters high, 3 meters wide, and 9.7 kilometers in circumference. It is now a national key cultural relic protection unit.
This large showcase displays the cultural relics unearthed in the Daiwangcheng ruins, and the picture above is the Daiwangcheng ruins.
Among the bronze mirrors exhibited in the showcase, the bronze mirror on the left below faces the visitors with a smooth surface. We can appreciate the flat mirror surface made by the ancients more than 2,000 years ago.
My favorite thing in this showcase is the bronze hook in the middle, let's zoom in and have a look.
Looking at this object more than 2,000 years ago, it is really surprising that such an exquisite figure can be cast with the craftsmanship at that time.
In the Han Dynasty, bronze casting technology had a greater development, and the cost of casting was also reduced. Bronze ware is no longer just used as a casting ritual vessel, but has entered people's daily life.
On the left is a map of Daijun in the Han Dynasty, and on the right is Fan Sheng, an important minister of Guangwu Zhongxing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Fan Sheng, a native of Daijun. He was a relatively famous Confucian scholar in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. Fan Sheng has a clear political mind and quite keen political insights. He is good at observing and analyzing the situation, and has enough countermeasures. This is an important reason why he can receive Liu Xiu's attention and courtesy.
Next, in a separate showcase in the center of the exhibition hall, we saw the third "treasure of the town hall" of the Weizhou Museum-the pottery stove with a Han painted maid kebab picture. This pottery stove was discovered by a farmer in Shejiabao Village, Taohua Town, Yuxian County in 1996 during spring plowing.
Made of muddy gray pottery, the pottery stove is rectangular, with three small pottery pots on the countertop, and a ridge on the right and back of the stove. The façade is white-painted with ground, ink-line sketched patterns, and red-colored borders. According to the funeral customs of the Han Dynasty, after a person died, the belongings of his lifetime should be buried with him. And this pottery stove is a "reduced version" of the tomb owner's supplies during his lifetime.
What complements the majestic and majestic historical facts of the era is the strong breath of life carried on this painted cultural relic. Please look at the top, five pieces of fresh meat are hung on the black wooden pole, and three maids are painted below. The one in the middle is cutting meat on the table, the one on the left is holding three meat skewers and grilling them on the stove, and the one on the right is arranging food boxes. The three people have different expressions, vividly reproducing the lives of people at that time.
From the perspective of cultural relic value, a single pottery stove has no special significance, but the painted paintings on the stove are extremely valuable. It reflects from one aspect that as early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, kebabs had become popular among the nobles in northern my country, and it is the earliest example of barbecue found in our country.
The origin of kebabs is generally believed to be related to nomads. The scene of kebabs on the pottery stove confirms that Yu County was a multi-ethnic gathering area at that time, and it was a blend of nomadic and farming cultures.
In a nearby central stand alone is a bronze francium with an animal head and earrings from the Western Han Dynasty, which was handed over after the public security bureau confiscated the cultural relics without indicating where it was found. In fact, not only cultural relics, but also archaeological sites can reveal a lot of historical information. And even if these tomb robbers preserve the cultural relics, they will lose a lot of historical information.
Bronze francium refers to a wine vessel made of bronze. Before the Spring and Autumn Period, it was called a square pot with patterns. It was renamed francium at the end of the Warring States period, mostly plain noodles, popular from the end of the Warring States period to the Han Dynasty. The shape is square body, long neck, big belly, circle feet, with cover. A small number of vessels have patterns on the body, and the patterns do not use the traditional patterns of bronze wares, but geometric patterns such as rhombuses or triangles are mostly used.
This painting tells the story of "Wang Ba builds a fortress and flies the fox way". Wang Ba is a famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, one of Liu Xiu's 28 Yuntai generals. In the thirteenth year of Jianwu (AD 37), Lu Fang joined forces with the Xiongnu and Wuhuan, and the invasions and robberies were particularly frequent, and the soldiers and people in the border areas were very distressed. The edict ordered Wang Ba to lead more than 6,000 prisoners who had released their torture tools, and Du Mao repaired the Feihu Road, piled up stones, sprinkled soil, and built pavilions, from Daicheng (now east of Yu County, Hebei) to Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi ) more than three hundred miles long, effectively resisting the Huns' attack.
The exhibits in the next few showcases are all cultural relics unearthed during this period, mainly pottery for daily necessities.
There are also some bright objects in the middle, which also become dark objects. The pottery pigsty is a symbolic cultural relic of the Han Dynasty, reflecting the thick funeral customs of the Han Dynasty that "death is like life", and pottery pigsty, pottery fields, pottery wells, and pottery toilets are usually found in the tombs of landlords. There are funerals.
This is another representative cultural relic of the Eastern Han Dynasty—the painted pottery building. The whole pottery building has three floors, and the top is a double eaves hipped roof. This kind of top architectural design was the highest level among all the roofs in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The highest-level buildings are the double eaves and the roof of the hall. Of course, it is not known whether it was also so good in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
But in any case, this is also an exquisite ancient architectural model handicraft, which provides material materials for the study of ancient architecture, sociology and folklore, and is included in middle school history textbooks.
The pottery used in daily life is also in this large showcase, and the pottery duck in the middle should belong to Ming ware.
What needs attention in this showcase is the two stone coffin panels in the middle. Portrait bricks are often used in Han Dynasty tombs, and painted stone coffin panels are not common.
The board of this square stone coffin is painted with "Banquet Picture"
On this stone coffin board is the "Travel Map"
From here, enter the fourth and last story of the second unit "Daidi Spring and Autumn"-"Daishi Fengliu", which tells the story that happened in Daidi from the Three Kingdoms to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the future, this place will not be "Daidi", but will be renamed "Weizhou".
If the main threat to Daidi during the Han Dynasty came from the Xiongnu, Wuhuan and Xianbei would stand on the "opponent platform" during this period. During the Three Kingdoms period, Daijun was an important town on the northern frontier of the Cao Wei Dynasty.
In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, a great writer came out of Dai County. Zhao Zhi (approximately 249-289), a person from the late Wei and early Jin Dynasties, Zhao Zhi was born in a humble background, but since he was a child, he was determined to study hard in order to be prominent. Together with Sima Qian's "Reporting to Ren'an", Yang Yun's "Reporting to Sun Huizong", and Ji Kang's "Book of Breaking Friendship with Shan Juyuan", it is listed as the four best "secretary" articles in China.
This exhibition board introduces several celebrities in this period. The upper right introduces Lu Sheng, a scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty, and a native of Daijun (now Yuxian County). The inheritor of the Mohist theory, annotated the Mohism, and named it "Mo Bian".
This board introduces Lu Kai, but this is not the nephew of Lu Xun, the governor of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, but Lu Kai, a native of Xianbei in the Northern Wei Dynasty and a native of Daijun, who was more than 200 years later than him. He had a good relationship with Fan Ye, a famous historian and writer in the Southern Dynasties, and the author of "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", and he often communicated by letter. At that time, the Southern and Northern Dynasties were in a state of hostility. Lu Kai was from Xianbei and served in the Northern Wei Dynasty, while Fan Ye was a Han Chinese and a courtier of the Liu Song Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River. However, Lu Kai and Fan Ye kept communicating in secret, expressing their views and anger on the times. In the second year of Jingming in the Northern Wei Dynasty (501), Lu Kai put a plum blossom in a letter bag and secretly sent it to Fan Ye, a friend in the south of the Yangtze River. Fan Ye opened the letter and saw that there was a plum blossom in it, and there was a poem: Zhemei met the postman and sent it to the people in Longtou. There is nothing in the south of the Yangtze River, so let's talk about giving a sprig of spring. This poem is only 20 characters long, but it has far-reaching meaning. It transcends the boundaries of different countries and ethnic groups, and shows a grand mind and sincere friendship. Fan Ye is quite moved. After this incident came out, it was praised by literati from both the North and the South. Later generations used "Yizhichun" as a synonym for plum blossom, and it was also often used as an allusion of Yongmei and Farewell to Acacia, and became the name of a Ci brand. The story of "Lu Kai presenting plums" has also become a good story that has been recited throughout the ages.
Such a scene was restored in the exhibition hall. I didn’t record it clearly at the time. I forgot it now, so let’s post the photos first.
It looks like a kiln site, with many scattered pottery fragments.
These two pieces are copper kettles, living utensils, and water containers from the Northern Wei Dynasty.
On the left is the "Tomb Brick Inscription", which engraves the life of the owner of the tomb on the brick.
The last exhibition board of the second unit "Daidi Spring and Autumn" is a chart, which summarizes in detail the establishment, capital, ownership, and territory of Daidi in each period. After reading this table, you can understand the history of Daidi .
This is the end of the exhibition hall on the first floor, and the third and fourth units of "Dai Wei Changge" are upstairs.
You can take the walking stairs to the second floor. There are engraved maps of Weizhou ancient city and ancient city gates on both sides of the stairs.
The service facilities of Weizhou Museum are very complete. Although there is no rolling ladder, you can take the straight ladder to the second floor.
Since we were allowed to enter the museum in advance, a large number of tourists have not yet arrived, and the museum is very quiet.
Enter the exhibition hall on the second floor and start to visit the third unit "Cultural Relics of Weizhou". It introduces the story from the establishment of "Weizhou Mansion" in the first year of Dacheng in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, that is, in 579 AD, to the fall of the Yuan Dynasty in 1366, which is here The story after becoming "Weizhou".
From then on, the history belonging to the era ended, and the Ulju era began. After entering the exhibition hall, you will first see a table on the left hand side, which lists in detail the establishment history, ownership and territorial changes of Weizhou during this period.
On the right hand side is a large showcase displaying many unearthed porcelain jars from the Sui and Tang dynasties. In the "Cultural Relics of Weizhou" exhibition area, many rare treasures are ingenious and highly skilled, telling the diverse and prosperous culture of Weizhou in the past, which amazed the visitors.
The city of Weizhou was first built in 580. Since then, for more than 1,400 years, Xianbei, Han, Turkic, Khitan, Jurchen, Mongolian and other ethnic groups have settled here, and Weizhou has thus formed a unique Diversified regional culture. On the left is the introduction of the characteristics of Weizhou cultural relics in this period, and on the right is the territory of Weizhou in Tang Dynasty.
In 2007, a Tang Dynasty tomb was discovered in Hengjian Township, Yuxian County. These photos are from the archaeological excavation.
Directly opposite the entrance of the exhibition hall are two side-by-side showcases. The image on the right above the showcase is the influential figures in Weizhou at the end of Tang Dynasty.
Here's an introduction to the four. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Weizhou was the sphere of influence of Li Keyong, a native of Shatuo, and later his son Li Cunxu established the Later Tang Dynasty. Kang Junli, Xue Zhiqin, and Gai Yu from Weizhou played an important role in the establishment of the Later Tang Dynasty.
Above the display cabinet on the left are three pieces of green-glazed towers, pots and vases from the Tang Dynasty.
This is the introductory text about these three cultural relics.
On the left side below the showcase is the epitaph of Li's tomb in the Tang Dynasty, with very clear inscriptions.
The upper row in the lower middle are clam shell boxes painted with cinnabar on both sides, the double wishbone hairpin in the middle, and the butterfly-shaped bronze hinges in the lower row, all of which are cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty.
On the right side below the showcase is an epitaph, Hongnong Yang's epitaph. This Hongnong Yang family was an incredible figure in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
There are also cultural relics from the Tang Dynasty in the showcase on the right, and these are porcelain.
Bronze mirrors and pottery bells from the Tang Dynasty.
The upper row is made of ceramic concentric knots, and the lower row is two copper belts.
There is a display cabinet at the corner of the exhibition hall, in which are two "treasures of the town hall" - the Tang green glaze appliqué tower-shaped rosette pot and the green glaze phoenix-headed tower-shaped pot. In 1982, it was unearthed from a tomb in the middle and late Tang Dynasty in Yujian Village, Huangmei Township, Yuxian County. These two pieces are well preserved, with grand shape, magnificent shape, exquisite workmanship and various patterns. They have typical characteristics of Western Region culture and are physical evidence of the fusion of different ethnic cultures during this period.
The clay pot is 105cm high, 41cm in belly circumference, 16cm in diameter and 35cm in bottom diameter. Fine clay red pottery, red pottery for the inside, green glaze for the outside, small mouth and round neck, thick and hard carcass, green lead glaze, small mouth and short neck, lower lip curled outward. The upper abdomen is a garden drum with an exquisite gourd-shaped top cover. The upper abdomen has four patterns of embossed first title rings and Ben beasts. The beast title rings and Ben beasts are staggered and symmetrical. The lower part of the body of the belly pot is placed in the upright lotus seat. The upper part of the vessel is thinner and the lower part is wider, in the shape of a trumpet, and the lower part of the seat is decorated with two circles of pile patterns.
The tower-shaped rosette pottery pot with Tang green glaze appliqué is a national first-class cultural relic, and it is a rare boutique.
This hall-level treasure is also a relic of the Tang Dynasty. The pottery pot is made of fine clay red pottery, covered with a layer of green lead glaze. The spout is peach-shaped, with a slender neck. It is in the shape of a phoenix head, the upper part of the base is slender and the lower part extends slightly outward in the shape of a trumpet, and the lower part of the base has two rows of additional pile patterns.
The Tang green glazed phoenix-head pottery pot is also a national first-class cultural relic, with a height of 74cm, a belly circumference of 25.2cm, a caliber of 10cm, and a bottom diameter of 28cm. It has a unique shape and graceful curves, just like a slim and peerless beauty. A song of neon clothes has already ended, and the drunken concubine has already turned into a fairy, but this clay pot in a black dress and a delicate phoenix crown has still danced in time for thousands of years.
The next showcase introduces the "third generation" of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms - the Later Jin Dynasty. During this period, a very embarrassing event in Chinese history took place - Shi Jingtang ceded the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun to Liao, among which was Including Weizhou, from then on Weizhou belonged to the Liao Kingdom.
The loss of the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun and the protection of Yanshan Mountain and Taihang Mountain also made the Central Plains Dynasty lose a natural barrier. For the next five hundred years, the Central Plains Dynasty has been passively beaten.
These are cultural relics unearthed from the Liao Dynasty in Weizhou. These pieces are all iron, iron plows, and iron tripods.
These pieces are all bronze wares, copper pots, copper stoves, and copper washers.
Stone mortar and ceramic plum vase.
This showcase introduces the Khitan culture, cultural relics of the Liao Dynasty.
The pictures above the showcase and the introduction to the Khitan people.
On the left side of the showcase are Song and Liao porcelains unearthed in Weizhou.
Mainly white porcelain cultural relics.
A tower-shaped vase with a white porcelain lid is rare in the Central Plains.
Celadon and three-color porcelain appeared.
The cultural relics on the previous booths in this showcase are all Liao porcelains. On the far right booth, there are "Song porcelains" unearthed in Weizhou, including porcelains from Longquan kiln, shadow celadon porcelain, and several pieces of Chong Dynasty porcelain from the Song Dynasty. Ning Tongbao. It shows that trade exchanges in this area were quite frequent at that time.
A mural was found in the exhibition hall, which is the "Mural Painting Tomb of Liao Dynasty in Yangzhuang Ke". You can see the replicas of classic monuments in many museums. I thought they were restorations, but later I learned that they were not restorations but the overall relocation of the cemetery.
In August 2009, when the Weizhou Mining Company was building the access road, three brick-chambered tombs were found in the south of Yangzhuangke Village, Yuxian County. Two of them were seriously damaged, and one of them was well preserved. Because the tomb could not be preserved in situ, the cultural relics department of Yu County carried out off-site protection of the tomb and moved it to the county museum as a whole, where a special exhibition room was set up to display it in its original state. Because of this, we can see this well-preserved mural tomb here, and we can also appreciate such exquisite murals.
The plane of the tomb is hexagonal, the tomb passage faces south, and the brick imitation wood structure, the hexagons are separated by columns, and the columns have bucket arches, which are dome tops. After cleaning, pottery, porcelain, residual wood and remains of ashes were unearthed in the tomb. After research, it was identified as a cremation tomb of the Liao Dynasty. The most precious thing is that there are well-preserved murals of the Liao Dynasty painted in the tomb.
The top and bottom of the coupon are painted with flame patterns for a week, and various flying swallows are painted on the top. The swallows fly from the tomb door to the two sides, meet above the mural of the tomb owner in the middle, and then are decorated with cloud patterns and curtain patterns.
The façade of the tomb wall is divided into six sides by corner columns. In the center are male and female tomb occupants. The man sits side by side on the left and the woman on the right. The male occupant is dressed in a maroon robe, wearing a black crown, and holds a white porcelain bowl on his right hand. He has a slightly fat face and thick eyebrows. There are wrinkles on the beard, long ears and eyes, the corners of the eyes, and the forehead, which looks like old age. The hostess wears a blue-patterned shawl and a red robe, clasping her hands together, wearing a corolla on her head, with a plump face, thin eyebrows, small eyes and red lips, resembling a noble lady. The murals of the owner of the tomb are painted on the basis of bas-reliefs, and such painting techniques are rare in Liao tombs.
The first facade on the right side of the mural of the owner of the tomb has a brick mullion window in the middle, and a maid on each side, holding a bowl or basin in both hands, standing opposite each other.
In the middle of the second facade is a stone-carved door with a large lock carved on the door knocker. On the left side stands a maid, and on the right side is a musician playing flute and a waist drum.
On the first facade on the left side of the mural of the owner of the tomb, there are also two maids, holding tea trays in their hands, standing sideways facing each other.
On the left side of the second facade are maids, on the right side are officials playing drums and clapping boards, and there are door officials standing on both sides of the tomb gate. In the murals, the tomb owner, maids, Sanyue and gatekeepers, especially the flying swallows and curtains on the dome are more realistic, fully reflecting the rich life of the tomb owner during his lifetime.
On the dome of the tomb, astronomical and astrological charts are common in other mural tombs of the Liao Dynasty, while flying swallows in various postures are painted in the Yangzhuang Ke Liao tomb, and the theme of flying swallows is relatively rare in mural tombs of the Liao Dynasty.
After investigation, this is a family cemetery of the Liao Dynasty, and the three tombs found are all mural tombs. Among them, the well-preserved tomb murals have bright colors, smooth lines, lifelike characters, and unique painting styles and themes. This is another major discovery in Hebei Province after the Liao Dynasty mural tomb in Xiabali, Xuanhua. It provides precious material materials for the study of Liao Dynasty history and social life at that time.
On an independent booth next to the mural tomb, this sarcophagus painted on the verandah roof of the Liao Dynasty is exhibited.
Next to it is an epitaph.
Considering that the content of the exhibition is relatively large, in order to facilitate the reading of donkey friends, I still divide the travel notes into two parts, and I will come to an end here. 【To be continued】
