Enter the Summer Palace through the East Palace Gate, and if you go west from the south wall after seeing the Hall of Renshou, you will go to the dormitory of the Empress Dowager. If you look at the Hall of Renshou and the Yannian Well, and then walk backwards along the north wall, you can go to the Dehe Garden. If you walk north along the west wall of the left supporting hall of Renshou Hall and pass through a gate with the wall, you will enter the east lane outside the Dehe Garden mentioned last time.
Go north along this narrow road to the end, turn left to the road behind Dehe Garden, and turn right to walk on a mountain path. Walking along this mountain road, you will see a city pass.
There is an arch gate in the middle of the green brick city platform, which is one foot six high, and two solid couch doors are installed in the front arch. Look at the tower above.
There are parapet walls on both sides of the city platform, and bricks and arrow stacks are erected on the walls. The city tower is a two-story building with a fake building above it. One room wide and one room deep, doors open front and back, solid walls on both sides, and eaves corridors around. On the top is the top of the mountain with a single eaves rolling shed with raised beams and gray tiles, and there is a waist eaves on the first floor. Although the city gate is not big, the gate tower is very exquisite, and the wooden components under the eaves are complete in variety, but they are only one size smaller. There are also many hanging flower columns in Fangliang, Huabanque, wood carvings and carvings, as well as colored paintings.
In front of Chengguan; that is, to the south; on the forehead stone is written "Purple Qi coming from the east", which is a reference to the Spring and Autumn Period when Lao Tzu went west. During the Spring and Autumn Period, a hundred schools of thought contended, but only the Confucianism of Confucius, the Taoism of Lao Tzu, and the military school of Sun Tzu have been passed down to this day. The other ninety-seven schools have all become history. Guan Zhong and Shangyang's Legalists, Mozi's Mohists, and Guiguzi's Strategists are known to some, but the rest are more or less unknown. It is said that Lao Tzu Li Erchu was an official in the royal family of Zhou Dynasty. He was erudite and good at theory. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, the world was in turmoil, and I was quite annoyed. So he resigned from Zhou Guan and rode a big green cow westward along the Yellow River. This is the thirty-fifth year of King Jing of Zhou (485 BC), and it has not yet reached the division of Jin Dynasty among the three families, which is the dividing point between the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Laozi was the most noble person in the world at that time, and he was often surrounded by purple clouds. The purple cloud is an auspicious air, a sign of great nobility. At this time, the guard of Hangu Pass was called Yin Xi, and his official name was "Guan Ling". Hangu Pass is on the east-west road, and the west is outside the pass. One day, Yin Xi, the order of the Guan, got up in the morning and went to the east of the Guan to have a look. See the sun rising in the east, and the purple air coming from the east, covering eight thousand miles. He knew that there was a nobleman coming, so he went down to greet him, and when he saw Lao Tzu, he worshiped him as his teacher. Yin Xi wanted to get the authentic biography of Lao Tzu, so he privately imprisoned him in Hangu Pass and begged him to keep the authentic biography. Lao Tzu had no choice but to write down five thousand characters. Yin Xi got it and let Lao Tzu go out. These five thousand characters are the "Tao Te Ching" handed down. Lao Tzu left the "Tao Te Ching" in Hangu Pass, went out into Longxi, and finally ascended in Lintao (Niantao), Gansu. Since then, Yin Xi armed himself with the "Tao Te Ching", moved to Wudang Mountain to spread Lao Tzu's thoughts, became Taoist Guan Yinzi, and was later revered by Taoism as the real person of Wen Shi.
Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty described Lao Tzu's exit from the pass in "The Story of the Immortals" as "I traveled to the west, and Guan Lingyin was delighted to see a purple air floating pass, and Lao Tzu passed by on a green ox." "Historical Records" said that after Laozi left the customs, "I don't know where he will end up."
In the 16th year of Qianlong (1751 A.D.), Lao Gan completed the construction of Qingyi Garden, entered the garden to circle around, and walked under the city gate, suddenly awakened. Said: In the old days, Lao Tzu went west to the Hangu Pass. Isn't it God's will that I come here today? Then the title "Purple Air Comes from the East" is engraved on the forehead stone of Chengguan. Six years later, in the 22nd year of Qianlong's reign, Lao Gan carefully wrote these four characters again, and ordered the manufacturing office to make a gold-lacquered Nine-Dragon plaque, sent it to Shengjing Palace, and hung it on the gate of the Phoenix Tower. This plaque is still in Shenyang Forbidden City.
This city gate is called "Zi Qi Dong Lai Cheng Guan" because "Zi Qi Dong Lai" is written on the south side. Walk into the arch gate and look back.
On the forehead stone in the north is written "Chicheng Xiaqi". Later, Li Bai from the Tang Dynasty visited Tiantai Mountain again, and he quoted Sun Chuo's sentence as "the gate marks Chicheng Xia, and the building dwells on Cangdao Moon". Like me, Laogan walked through the arched gate, and looked back at the forehead stone. Seeing that it was still empty, he remembered Li Bai's "door sign Chichengxia" and its source, so he wrote a picture " "Chicheng Xiaqi" is engraved on the forehead stone. Chicheng refers to the city of red walls, that is, Miyagi, the imperial palace. The southern end of Tiantai Mountain is Danxia landform, red sandstone washed by water, looks like a red city wall, so it is also called Chicheng Mountain. Xia Qi is Hong Xia Fei Qi. Sun Chuo's visit to Tiantai Mountain must have been when "seeing the smoke rising again, and the twilight covering the earth", he could see the landscape of Chicheng Xiaqi. Although I have never been to Tiantai Mountain, I have seen the "Chicheng Xiaqi" scene in the authentic Danxia Mountain, as follows.
Pass Ziqi Donglai Chengguan, continue along the path, and you will see the gate of Harmonious Fun Garden.
Putonghua reads humor as "Xiequ", Beijing urbanites read it as "Xiequ", and villagers in Dayouzhuang near the Summer Palace read it as "Xiequ".
The gate of the Garden of Harmonious Interests is the gate of the Wangfu, facing east and west, with three rooms wide and one room deep, with three rooms and one opening. In the Ming Dynasty, there were two solid couch doors, with nine rows and nine columns of gilt door nails; brass thresholds and white stone door pillows. The sill wall and sill window in the second room are decorated with gold-pasted three-mask, three-cross and six-bowl lattice flowers, which are very gorgeous. The bright side is red, and the dark side under the eaves is the official style of the green space, Su-style gold thread painting. This is the gate of the royal house, and the three crosses and six bowls of Linghua are exclusive to the royal family.
Look at the plaque under the eaves, inscribed by Cixi.
There are three side rooms on the left hand side of the gate. Because the door opens outward, they are side rooms rather than inverted rooms.
During Qianlong's reign, he went to the south of the Yangtze River many times, some said six times, and some said seven times. The Jiangnan mentioned at that time is the current Suyang Ninghang area. As mentioned earlier, Qianlong's trip to the south of the Yangtze River was actually mainly to investigate the economy and arrange money and food for the court. Jiangnan is a land of fish and rice, with rich products and convenient transportation through the Grand Canal. Many materials in the north depend on Jiangnan for supply. In addition, Qianlong also wanted to see whether the prefects and supervisors there were dedicated to serving the court; whether the Caobang and Salt Gang lived and worked in peace and contentment. In addition to investigating the economy, Qianlong of course also went to see the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River that was not available in the north. He went to see Jichang Garden at the foot of Huishan Mountain in Wuxi.
Qin Guan in the Song Dynasty once traveled to Huishan with Su Shi, and the monk Daoqian, a monk friend of the two, accompanied them that time. After the tour, they each wrote three poems about Huishan. In the poems of Qin, there is a sentence "The view of the building is repeated, and it is slender and deep." Make ice jade light" sentence. In ancient times, poets wrote threesomes. There is a famous Sanyou Cave on the north bank of the Yangtze River in Yichang. It was also visited by three poets. The first time was the trio of Bai Juyi, Bai Xingjian and Yuan Zhen; The second time was the trio of Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe. Take a look at this Sanyou Cave.
The ground of Jichang Garden in Wuxi was originally the monk's house of Huishan Temple. Because the ancestors had traveled, the descendants of Qin Guan spent money to buy the land here, expanded it, built a house and built a garden, and made it a private house, named "Fenggu Xingwo" ", this is the fifteenth year of Ming Zhengde (AD 1520). This descendant is called Qin Jin, who won the prize for his meritorious deeds against bandits. Yin Jinyi has hundreds of households, and he was the right servant of the household department at that time. During the Kangxi period, the descendants of the Qin and Jin Dynasties rebuilt and expanded Fenggu Xingwo. The garden is a typical Jiangnan style with white walls and gray tiles. In the 1950s, descendants of Qinguan donated the garden to the country, and the Wuxi Municipal Government restored it to its heyday.
When Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River to visit this Qinjiayuan, it was already called "Jichang Garden". Lao Gan loves poetry, and he must visit the Garden of Qin Guan's Descendants when he comes to Wuxi. There are not only the imprints of Qin Guan and Su Shi in the garden, but also the poems written by You Sanyou. Lao Gan liked this garden very much. After returning to Beijing, he ordered to build Huishan Garden in Qingyi Garden borrowing the artistic conception of Jichang Garden, which is now the Harmony Garden. The pavilions and pavilions inside are all changed to the northern architectural style, that is, the royal garden architectural style. At that time, Laogan wrote a passage about this Huishan Garden: "Of all the famous villas in the south of the Yangtze River, only Huishan Qinyuan is the oldest, and my emperor bestowed an inscription on it as Jichang. Xin Weichun visited the south and liked its tranquility, so he brought pictures back home. Xiao Its meaning is at the east foot of Longevity Mountain, and it is called Huishan Garden. One pavilion and one path are harmonious and interesting, and there are eight sceneries, each of which is a poem." After the garden was rebuilt in the 16th year of Jiaqing (AD 1811), it took Qianlong's meaning of "one pavilion and one path, full of harmony and wonder", and was renamed Harmonious Interest Garden.
Entering the palace gate, there is a group crane and flat chess ceiling on the top of the gate hall, which symbolizes longevity.
On the left is a door leading to a verandah.
On the front is a lotus pond.
There is a building behind the gate hall.
What came out was a gazebo.
This building sits on the white stone platform of the embankment, with one room wide and two rooms deep, with a verandah in front. There are lintels on the upper and lower sides between the green pillars, the lower one is called the stool lintel, and the upper one is called the upside-down lintel, with the word "工" latticed. The roof is a beam-lifting structure, the gray tile single eaves rolling shed hangs on the top of the mountain, and the square beams under the eaves are painted with gold thread in the official style. The architectural form of the verandah of this pavilion is the template of the veranda in the garden.
Its eaves porch is to the right, that is, to the south, through a water corner porch, and connected to a four-corner pavilion. The pavilion has a single bay and a circle of eaves. On the top is a single eaves with raised beams and gray tiles with four corners and pointed roofs. The brick Xumizuo ridge brake is carved, and there is a group of cranes and flat chess ceilings in the pavilion. A plaque is hung under the eaves on the front of the pavilion, which says "Zhichun Pavilion".
After passing the Zhichun Pavilion, continue walking along the corridor on the right, and turn left to see a water pavilion on the south bank of the lotus pond.
Facing north from the south, this water pavilion is five rooms wide and three rooms deep, with a verandah in front. On the top is a single eaves rolling shed with beams and gray tiles hanging from the top of the mountain. Don't worry, if you pay attention, you will find that the roof is double-bonded, the only one in the Garden of Harmony.
All the plaques and couplets in the Garden of Harmony were inscribed by Qianlong in those days, only a few are not, let's talk about it when we meet. After the Garden of Harmonious Interests was burned by the British and French allied forces in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860 A.D.), when it was rebuilt during the Guangxu period, the Empress Dowager Cixi rewrote these couplets. Look at the plaque couplets hanging in front of this water pavilion. Under the eaves, there is a plaque "leading the mirror". The ancients said that using a mirror is for self-portrait. Lao Gan would certainly not stand under the eaves and hold up a mirror to take a self-portrait. He meant to use the water in the lotus pond as a mirror.
A pair of couplets is hung on the pillars in the Ming room. The first couplet is "Diaolan Day with the dawn of water flowers"; "Ziao" in the first couplet originally refers to plants with long crossed leaves, such as wild rice stem and bamboo shoots. The sunrise light shines on the railing, reflecting the shadow of the lotus. In the second couplet, "culvert" should contain the solution, and "marsh" is the pool. In ancient times, it was said that round ponds and square marshes are often used together in the dry season. The fragrance of lotus flowers floated from the blue waves in the pool. This pair of couplets contains both beautiful scenery and floral fragrance.
Because of that plaque, I have the right to call it "Yinjingzhai". Pass through the eaves corridor of Yinjing Zhai, continue to swing along the south bank of the lotus pond, and you will see a big pavilion in front of you.
These are the two pavilions on the other side of the lotus pond at the palace gate. One is square, one is rectangular, and the roof direction is orthogonal.
The two column pavilions facing west and east are similar in structure. Below the long pavilion on the south side is the white stone platform for the embankment, which is three rooms wide and one room deep, with a circle of verandas around it. Under the eaves is still the official Su-style gold thread painting, and there are lintels between the pillars. On the top is the top of the hill with raised beams and gray tiles and single-eave rolling sheds, and the interior is completely exposed.
The square pavilion on the north side is supported by stone pillars on the water, with only one room wide. One of the pillars of the two pavilions is painted red; while the outer pillars of the other are painted green. In addition, a pavilion is built facing the water; the other pavilion stands on the water and becomes a water pavilion. The two pavilions echo each other, similar but not identical, showing the changing ways of ancient Chinese garden architecture. Both pavilions can be called waterside pavilions.
The two water pavilions are facing east and west, and the plaques are hung on the west. Look at the three water pavilion couplets on the south side. The plaque under the eaves is "Washing Autumn", which should be taken from Li Bai's sentence "The rain washes the autumn mountains clean, and the forest is bright and green".
There are couplets hanging on the pillars of the corridor in the Ming Dynasty. The upper couplet is "in the golden mirror of Gongwei Mountains and Rivers"; "Gong" means a palace, which means "big" here, and the golden mirror refers to the clear water in the lotus pond, which echoes the Yinjingzhai plaque. Danqing is the paint of painting; jade pot: Bao Zhao, a poet in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, said "straight as a red silk rope, clear as ice in a jade pot", and Wang Changling, a poet in Tang Dynasty, had "a piece of ice in a jade pot". Here Qianlong said that the water in the lotus pond reflects the mountains and rivers near and far, and the colorful clouds and red sun are as pure and beautiful as the paintings in the jade pot. This must be a snuff bottle. Laogan once wrote a small poem for this waterside pavilion, "Xiqiu Pavilion in Huishan Garden, with eight pillars of exquisite water. The scenery is serene and it becomes a small seat, and the current witty enlightenment is in Mengzhuang".
The North Pavilion, which is a square pavilion, has a plaque under the eaves that reads "Drinking Green". Liu Guo, a good friend of Xin Qiji in the Song Dynasty, had a poem "Drinking Green", which said, "Wild flowers bloom red and white against the rock, and you can only enjoy a cup in the wind. Don't let the young master see you, for fear of bringing you into the cage with you."
There are couplets hanging on the pillars of the corridor in the Ming Dynasty. The first couplet is "the cloud moves the stream and the tree invades the book cover"; the second couplet is "the wind sends the rock spring to moisten the ink pool". Stream trees: Tall trees by the water; Wang Anshi in the Song Dynasty had a sentence of "the stream is clear and the trees are old, walking through the stream trees and stepping on the spring sun". Shubao is talking about the curtains in the study. Yanquan is the spring water under the rock, which is quite cold. In the Tang Dynasty, when Li Tiantian visited friends in Laoshan, there was a poem of "the bear roars and the dragon sings Yin Yanquan, and the chestnut deep forest luxuriates in the top of the layer". The inkwell is the brush washer. The whole couplet says that the clouds float over the treetops by the stream outside the window curtain, just like a pen; and the spring water flows into the lotus pond by the wind, just like the ink pond filled with water; it is the reverie produced by looking up at the window while reading and writing , There are pens, inks and curtains.
In Huishan Garden, this pavilion was called Shuile Pavilion. Lao Gan once wrote a small poem: "The stone spring is really pleasant to hear, and the silk and bamboo don't need to be many. Meet Dongpo. A group of cranes and fairy couples, come and dance." It can be seen from this that the music of "Water Le Pavilion" reads the music of music. The title "Shuiyue Pavilion" is based on the artistic conception of Su Dongpo's "Dongyang Shuiyue Pavilion". In Su Dongpo's poem, "But to the empty mountain and rock wall, I love this clear stream with sound and no use. The flowing spring has no strings, no stones, no aperture, and the strong name of Shuiyue makes everyone laugh." The lotus pond in Lao Gan’s eyes is also a golden mirror;
There are three short corridors connecting the two pavilions "Xiqiu" and "Drinking Green". After the "Drinking Green" Pavilion, there is a long corridor connecting with each other.
The east end of this veranda is connected to a house, which is very simple, with a width of three rooms and a hard mountain top with gray tiles and single eaves. Although there is a door in the front, you can't go out. If you go out, you will fall into the water, and people may be fish and turtles.
The plaque "Dan Bi" hung under the eaves in the Ming Dynasty, Dan refers to the quiet and peaceful appearance; it is also taken from Li Bai's poem "The rain washes the autumn mountains clean, the forest is bright and green", which echoes the artistic conception of Xiqiu Pavilion.
There is also a pair of couplets hanging on the eaves pillars in front of its gate. The upper couplet is "the window is open, the trees are beautiful and the mountains are clean"; The color of the tree is the scenery of the forest. Wang Changling of the Tang Dynasty said, "Holding the clouds obliquely and seeing the moon deeply, the hazy tree color hides the sun." Lianshanjing is a description of the mountain scenery after the rain. In the Yuan Dynasty, Huang Zhencheng had a saying that "the rain breaks the mountains and cleans up, and the dust disappears." Floating with water refers to floating on the water surface. In Baiqi in Ming Dynasty, there was a saying that "the police are in a hurry all night, and the stars are floating with water". Languang refers to the light and shadow of the mist in the mountains under the sunlight. Li Bai said that "the cliff is like peeling melons, and the light is green when it breaks the cliff". This couplet means that when you open the window, you can see the mountains full of green trees, and the sunlight shining on the mist on the water surface is vivid. Look at the haze and water floating outside Danbizhai.
Laogan wrote a small poem to Dan Bizhai, saying: Zhai overlooks the green glaze, and Chengguan will take care of Ni. Zaoyuan dives red carp, Jinlang panwen pheasant. The light moon and the silver toad mirror, the light smoke and the willow embankment. Forgetting this little sitting, it still seems to be facing Liangxi.
There is an east-west stone bridge on the water in front of Danbizhai.
There is a stone archway at the east end of the bridge.
There are two pillars on the first floor, single eaves and verandah roof, brick-carved imitation wooden bucket arches, and below are Baogu stone pillars. very beautiful.
This is the well-known Zhiyu Bridge. Zhiyu Dian published "Zhuangzi Qiushui" in which Huizi said, "You are not a fish, so you can know the joy of fish." There is also a scene in Wuxi Jichang Garden called "Zhiyujian", which is also taken from "Zhuangzi·Autumn Water". This Zhiyu Bridge is modeled after Zhiyujian in Jichang Garden.
As usual, there should be a couplet inscribed by Qianlong on the doorpost. The upper couplet in the east as seen in the picture above reads "Moonwaves are shimmering in gold"; Brilliant: the appearance of rippling water, the poet Wen Tingyun of the Tang Dynasty said "the ancient chestnut, gold, and stone pools, and the swaying and secluded repair language of the spoon". Cong Cong: The sound of hitting jade, Fan Chengda of the Song Dynasty had "Qiulongsuo Palace on the sea mountain, splashing down the waterfall to the sound of Cong Cong". Seto: A torrent of water flowing over sand and stones. The two sentences describe the beauty of the golden moonlight sprinkled on the blue waves, and the beauty of the sound of water hitting stones like jade.
There is also a pair of couplets on the west side of the gatepost. The upper couplet is "Huixiang Fuyan with joy in his heart", and the second couplet is "Xin Zhuo Ping Pu Yi always idle". Mallard geese: wild ducks and wild geese. Wen Tingyun said, "Because of thinking about Du Ling's dream, ducks and geese are full of back to the pond." I think there were many birds and waterfowl in Huishan Garden back then, and it was full of joy to fly around. Ping: a kind of Artemisia, "Poetry Xiaoya Luming" "Yo Yo Luming, the apple of the wild food". Pu: Aquatic plants can also be used as seats—"Shuowen". This sentence praises the wormwood in the lotus pond, which has the artistic conception of a paradise.
There are also many Qianlong poems engraved on this archway, which were written in different years, and the last one was written in the first year of Jiaqing. There are sixteen poems that can be seen now, all of which are engraved in the blank space of the door frame. Today’s pavilions and pavilions in the Garden of Harmonious Interest were all rebuilt during the Guangxu period. Of course, the plaques and couplets of that year are gone. The inscription on the stone archway of Zhiyu Bridge is the only Qianlong handwriting in the Garden of Harmonious Interest. Lao Gan wrote a poem for Zhiyu Bridge in the past: "On the stone bridge, the light minnows swim out of the water. Hao Liang really knows music, and the pole line does not need to be thrown. I sneer and argue, and the misty bandits ask for it. Linchi is full of spring rain, Jing The algae are allowed to dive and float". You see, Laogan stands on this bridge to watch the fish in the water. If you want to learn from Zhuang Hui's arguments, there is no one around you who dares to argue with you.
After crossing the Zhiyu Bridge, you will arrive at the easternmost end of the Harmony Garden, where there is a house.
It sits on a five-foot-high pedestal, and there is a figure-eight ladder in front of the pedestal. It is five rooms wide and two rooms deep. On the top is a hard mountain top with raised beams and gray tiles and a single-eave rolling shed.
A plaque "Zhichun Hall" is hung under the eaves. There are three buildings in the Summer Palace named "Zhichun". The first is the well-known Zhichun Pavilion, which is located on the island below Wenchang Pavilion on the east bank of Kunming Lake; The Zhichun Pavilion on the right hand side of the gate, although it is also called Zhichun Pavilion, is not as famous as the one by the Kunming Lake; the third place is this Zhichun Pavilion.
Zhichun Hall was originally called Zaishi Hall, one of the main buildings in Huishan Garden. It was renamed Zhichun Hall when the Summer Palace was rebuilt in the 14th year of Guangxu. Zaishi means to start and stop according to the four seasons. load, all right. Words and deeds are like the sky at all times. "Records of the Historian: The Benji of the Five Emperors" has a saying that "to nourish the material, the place is used, and the time is used to resemble the sky". Changing it to Zhichun Hall means to feel the coming of spring here. Han Yu said, "The grass and trees will return soon after knowing the spring, and all kinds of red and purple will fight for the fragrance."
There is also a pair of couplets on the pillars of the Mingjian corridor of Zhichun Hall. The upper couplet is "Qibao Railing Thousand-year-old Stone", and the second couplet is "Four Seasons Flowers in Shizhou Smoke Scenery". Qibao refers to the gold, silver, colored glaze, chequ, pearls, agate and roses in the "Lotus Sutra". Here it refers to jewelry in general; See, Qibao Yaotai Thousand Years Stone" poem. The ten continents in the second line are the ten islands where the gods live: Zuzhou, Yingzhou, Xuanzhou, Yanzhou, Changzhou, Yuanzhou, Liuzhou, Shengzhou, Fenglinzhou and Juyaozhou, here refers to the Summer Palace; Smoke scene: a scene of vast mist and water. The second couplet is excerpted from a poem by Yin Wengui in the Tang Dynasty, "Thousands of books are expensive for thousands of households, and the smoke and scenery of ten continents are in harmony at four o'clock". This couplet praises the treasures and beautiful scenery here.
Qianlong once inscribed a small poem on Zaishitang for this purpose: back the mountain to win the resort, and face the water to build the leisure hall. The steps look down on the orchids, and the eaves are turned over. For Shi Xin's job and breeding, he ordered several health officials. What was the point of being playful?
From the gate of the Garden of Harmonious Interests, go to the right hand, and you will find the towers and pavilions mentioned above, and go to the left hand, and you will find other buildings. On the left is also a veranda leading to the next building. There are many verandas in the Garden of Harmony, and besides the promenade, the veranda here is the longest in the Summer Palace. This corridor almost circles the garden, but there is an interruption between Yinjingzhai and Xiqiu Pavilion. The shape and shape of the corridor in the Garden of Harmony are basically the same as the promenade. This left-hand veranda is directly connected to the gable of the palace gate, which is called the mountain-crossing veranda. The other end of the corridor is connected to another very important building in the Garden of Harmony.
This is a hall with three rooms wide and three rooms deep, with doors open in the open room, sills, walls and windows in the second room, and eaves and corridors on all sides. The upper part is a beam-lifting structure, and the gray tile single-eave rolling shed rests on the top of the mountain. There is a platform in front of it, which is a white stone water-facing terrace with white marble handrails.
In the Ming Dynasty, a plaque of "Chengshuangzhai" was hung under the eaves. Chengshuang: Refreshing, clear meaning. In "Book of Jin·Lu Ji and Lu Yun Biography", there is a sentence "the wind is clear and the expression is handsome"; in Bai Juyi's "Shusun Tongding Chaoyi Fu" there is "the world is clear and the palace is clear". Standing here to welcome the east wind and watching the beautiful scenery in the garden, you will feel refreshed.
For the couplets on the pillars of the Ming Dynasty, the upper couplet is "Zi builds the spring light, orchid pool and summer atmosphere", and the second couplet is "Chrysanthemum contains autumn fragrance, laurel reflects winter glory". Zhi is a kind of vanilla. In "Xunzi Wang Zhi", there is "I am as fragrant as Zhilan". The pool here is a verb, which means to encircle or dress up; Wang Chong of the Ming Dynasty had "Lanchi is cool in summer, and Guidong is in autumn cloud". Fu: Xiangfu; Rong: Ronghua; Cao Zhi of the Three Kingdoms has "Autumn orchids can be compared, osmanthus trees are flourishing in winter". In the second couplet, chrysanthemum is opposite to Gui, Qiufu is opposite to Dongrong, and Han is opposite to Ying. The four kinds of flowers and plants in the whole league correspond to the four seasons, and the confrontation is rigorous, chic and elegant.
There is a bottle door on the white wall behind the northern eaves of Chengshuangzhai. This is a side door of the Garden of Harmony, and it is also very emotional.
Go forward after Chengshuangzhai, that is, go north, there are several value rooms behind the veranda. Although the specifications are not high, there are five or six rooms, which are probably the working places of the palace people.
I mentioned a lot of "windows" earlier, saying that the houses in the Summer Palace are equipped with many windows, but unfortunately none of those windows are opened. This value room is also a window, and it is open, so you can see how the window works. Step forward and take a closer look.
Further north is the only building in the Garden of Harmony.
The building sits west and faces east, with two floors up and down, three rooms wide and three rooms deep, and the top is a gray tile single-eave rolling shed on the top of the mountain. Its eaves are very special, the upper floor is a circle of eaves; the lower floor has only the front eaves, in fact, the lower floor is closed by the two sides of the eaves. This building is magnificent in shape and magnificent in appearance. It is built on the flat ground in the garden, and behind the building is the west wall of the Harmony Garden, and outside the wall is the foot of Longevity Hill. The ground goes uphill from the gate of the Garden of Harmony to the north, and when you walk to the back of the building, it is just level with its second floor. Therefore, from the outside of the Harmony Garden, the building has only one floor.
A plaque "Juxinlou" is hung under the eaves of the second floor in the east. There is a pair of couplets on the pillars of the upper and lower Ming rooms of the Zhuxin building.
On the one upstairs, the upper couplet is "Wannian rattan around Yichun Garden", and the second couplet is "Baifu Xiangsheng Summer Palace". Wannian vine: It is Akebia, a deciduous or semi-evergreen vine-like plant. Here it is only borrowed from its literal meaning, and it must be matched with the word "circle". Yichun Garden: The hunting place of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. Here is the artistic conception in Li Bai's poem "Servant in Yichun Garden, Fu Longchi Willows and Young Youths, Listening to the Songs of New Orioles and Hundreds of Songs": The east wind has greened the grass on Yingzhou, and the purple hall and red building feel the spring is good. The willows in the south of the pond are half green, and the lingering smoke curls up in the city. Hanging carved couplets hanging hundreds of feet down the thread, there are good birds singing in harmony, and the spring is as early as possible. The spring breeze swept into the blue clouds, and thousands of households heard the sound of spring. At that time, the king was in Haojing, and the five clouds were hanging down to shine on Ziqing. The battle goes out of the golden palace and turns with the sun, and the jade chariot circles around the flowers when the sky returns. I began to look at the dancing cranes in Penglai, and I also passed Chi Ruo to listen to the new warblers. The new warbler flies around Shanglinyuan, willing to enter Xiaoshao and mix Fengsheng. This couplet is about standing upstairs and watching the beautiful scenery in the garden, the purple palace and the red building, the silk hanging hundreds of feet, the spring breeze, the singing and swallow dancing, the lucky stars shining brightly, the garden is full of fragrance, and the summer heat does not invade.
On the pair downstairs, the upper couplet is "Yao Tier Day Yong Copper Dragon Warm"; the second couplet is "Jin Suo Feng Qing Bao Musk". Yao steps: The steps made of jade come from Wang Jia of the Jin Dynasty's "Supplements of Relics · Emperor Yan Shennong", "building a round mound to worship the sun, and decorating the Yao steps to bow to the night light". Day Yong: A commonly used term in the Song Dynasty, meaning that the day is long. The golden lock is a kind of ornament, which represents wealth and auspiciousness. Precious musk: a precious musk from Tibet. This couplet is about seeing the bronze dragon on the white stone terrace of Chengshuangzhai in this building warming in the daytime sunlight, and bursts of refreshing aroma wafting from the incense burner like a golden lock on the terrace.
Downstairs is Yuqin Gorge, and when the water comes, clouds and mists will rise. Therefore, Qianlong titled this building as "Jiuyun Tower" and wrote a poem: Because it is very high and easy, the pavilion is secluded against the mountain. There is a window to accept the splendor, but there is no place to see the ups and downs. Bamboo is present and ancient, and Luoxuan is spring and autumn. For those who are livable and forget the world, I worry about my feet first. When Guangxu rebuilt it, the title was changed to "Juxinlou", which means to focus on a new building.
The water of the lotus pond in the Harmony Garden comes from the back lake, and enters the garden from a sluice in the northwest corner of Zhuxin Building. After the sluice, there is a waterway and a piece of green bamboo.
On a big bluestone next to the waterway, there is "Yuqin Gorge" inscribed by Cixi.
When the water is released in spring, you can hear the gurgling sound of Yuqin beside the bamboo forest. This lotus pond is not ordinary. Ordinary ponds will inevitably leak water. The water in the pond will continue to seep into the ground, so it needs to be replenished continuously. In the past, there were sufficient water sources in the west of Beijing, and the water in the Summer Palace was also flowing. The water from the upper reaches flows into the Kunyu River from the south after passing through Kunming Lake. The same is true for the water in the Garden of Harmony, which flows in from Yuqin Gorge, flows out from the east side of Yinjingzhai below, and goes to the Crescent River behind the screen wall of the East Palace Gate. It has always been like this in the past.
In recent years, the water shortage in Beijing has gradually increased, and the water in the Garden of Harmonious Fun has stopped flowing. Every spring, water is released from Yuqin Gorge and released from the south before winter, so as not to freeze and damage the stone wall by the pool. However, the water in the lotus pond does not drain quickly. I don't know if the leak-proof at the bottom of the pond is an ancient or modern project.
After seeing Zhuxin Building, walk east along the north bank of the lotus pond from the front of the building, or walk along the curved corridor downstairs of Zhuxin Building, which is a palace.
Now this is the main hall of the Garden of Harmonious Interests, facing south from the north, with a three-foot-high blue brick platform underneath, and steps hanging from the front all the way. It is five rooms wide and three rooms deep, with eaves and corridors on all sides.
The door is opened in the morning, and the walls and windows are slightly silled in the next room. The upper part is a beam-lifting structure, and the gray tile single-eave rolling shed rests on the top of the mountain. There is a stone step pier beside the lotus pond in front of the hall. When Cixi visits the lotus pond, cruise ships can dock here.
A plaque "Hanyuan Hall" is hung under the eaves. Hanyuan means that the water reflects the distant scenery. In the Song Dynasty, Dai Bing had a poem "Shuiguang covers the distant trees, and the cloud shadows the empty mountains".
On the couplets on the pillars of the corridor in the Hanyuan hall, the first sentence is "Xiling haze grows at the bottom of the sleeve"; Xiling refers to Xishan, and Donghu refers to Kunming Lake. In ancient China, smoke was the shape of rising clouds and mists. Lao Gan read Li Shangyin's "Ziquan Palace Locks the Haze, and Wants to Take Wucheng as the Emperor's Home", so he wrote "Haze" here. And the sea of clouds is even more of a fairy thing, so it must be mentioned here. The antithesis of this couplet is very neat, and it echoes with nature, and it is very bold, expressing smoke from the sleeves and waving the clouds, which is very artistic and atmospheric. Then look up and read the horizontal plaque of "Hanyuan Hall", which fits perfectly with this couplet, and the colorful clouds and smoke in the distant mountains and near waters are all contained in this hall.
At the earliest time, this Hanyuan hall was just a three-room open pavilion called Mo Miaoxuan, without doors or windows. Inside are ten steles in which Emperor Qianlong imitated ancient calligraphy, which are the ten steles we saw on the corridor walls on both sides of the hanging flower gate of Yiyun Pavilion in front. This is one of Qianlong's most proud collections. Laogan originally wrote a small poem by Mo Miaoxuan: "The two walls are chaste and beautiful, and the treasures of thousands of years are hanging down." The ancient fragrance has never been exhausted, and the heart is upright and worthy of a teacher. The spring bird Zhiwen is printed, and the wind ripples are covered with brush arrays. Fengyuan Qi's divine solution is destined to be here. Later, it was rebuilt and expanded several times. The current building is the result of the last reconstruction during the Guangxu period, and the stone tablet was also removed. Cixi rested here when she visited the garden.
From the Huishan Garden in Qianlong to the current Harmonious Interest Garden, it was only a change of the name of the garden, but the change of Mo Miaoxuan to Hanyuan Hall was a major change in the layout of the garden. In Huishan Garden, among the buildings beside the lotus pond, only Chengshuangzhai was a formal palace. It is not only a temple, but also has a water-facing terrace as a platform in front, a circle of white marble handrails on the terrace, and a small terrace protruding forward as a dock for boats. This Chengshuangzhai is the main hall of Huishan Garden. Like the Qinzheng Hall at that time, it also faces east from west. In the current Harmony Garden, the largest hall is Hanyuan Hall, which is five rooms wide. Chengshuangzhai, the main hall that used to face the sun from west to east, has now been changed to Hanyuan Hall facing the south, but there is no such decent platform in front of Hanyuan Hall as Chengshuangzhai. From the couplets in Yunlou written by Lao Gan, it can be seen that there used to be bronze dragons and bronze cauldrons on the terrace of Chengshuangzhai; there is no place or trace of these ritual vessels in front of the current Hanyuan Hall. I don't think this change was successful.
On the two sides behind Hanyuan Hall, there are nine-curved verandas extending to the east and west sides. The veranda on the west side bypasses a bamboo forest and connects with Zhuxin Building across Yuqin Gorge. The veranda on the east side is connected with a gallery pavilion.
There are no steps at the front and back of this four-corner pavilion, and it can only be entered from the corridors on both sides, so I say it is a corridor pavilion, a part of the corridor. It is three rooms wide, with raised beams, gray tiles, single eaves and four corners with pointed roofs, brick-carved Xumizuo ridge brakes, and official-style Su-style gold thread paintings on the square beams. Although there are pillars on the front to open the door, there is no stepping up and down. This one is similar to the Tanbizhai opposite it, with a door but no entry or exit. There are only "Lanting" plaques under the eaves, but no couplets.
Although Lanting has no couplets, there is no lack of poetry here. There is a poem stele inside it, and on the front is the poem "Looking for Poetry Path" written by Qianlong: the rocks and gullies are interesting, and the smoke and clouds are endless. The winding path is covered by stone railings, and the spring water ripples in the square pond. The new meeting is here suddenly, and you are looking for every abnormality. It is natural to form a sentence, and the bottom is made of brocade. On the back is "Looking for Poetry Path" written by the imperial pen.
There is also a preface to Qianlong's poem: "Pass to the cloud tower and go east, the moss path is curvy, and the stone fence is protected. Write a poem with a pen, and the search is endless." Xun Shidian is from the Southern Song Dynasty's Ji Yougong's "Tang Poetry Chronicle", which records that "Li He rides a weak horse, carries a bag of kits, and composes poems when he encounters them, and puts them in the bag." "Tang Poetry Chronicles" is a masterpiece of more than 80 volumes, which contains more than 1,000 poems of Tang Dynasty poets, as well as some records and legends. Chen Yuyi in the Song Dynasty had "Two Quatrains in Search of Poetry". Qianlong was quite influenced by Chinese culture, and he often showed people with poems and essays, either inscribed on various stones in the mountains, or inscribed on top and bottom of steles. There are some small poems of Qianlong on the top, bottom, left and right of this stele.
There is a dark house in the valley to the north of the curved corridor between Hanyuan Hall and Lanting.
Standing in front of the house, you can see the curved corridor and the lotus pond.
The scale of this house is not large, but it is very regular, with three rooms wide and three rooms deep, with open doors in the open room and sill walls and sill windows in the second room. There are eaves corridors around, and there are lintels up and down between the pillars of the corridor. On the top is the top of the hill with gray tiles and single eaves. The beams are covered with colorful paintings, and its eaves are connected with the curved corridor in front.
A plaque "Zhan Qingxuan" is hung under the eaves. The artistic conception of Zhan Qingxuan is the same as that of Tsinghua Garden, which comes from the "Scenery Songbird Collection, Water and Trees Zhan Qinghua" in "You Xichi" written by Xie Kun in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Zhan (Nianping): The sun is setting in the west; the word Zhan here means "sinking", Tsinghua: The scenery is delicate and beautiful. The original poem says that when the sun sets in the west, flocks of birds return to their nests, singing endlessly on the trees by the water; the water and flowers and trees by the West Pool fade into twilight. The twilight that Qianlong saw when standing in Zhan Qingxuan should be very close to what Xie Kun saw, so he suddenly felt this way.
There is a pair of couplets on the pillars in the Ming Dynasty. The first couplet is "Wanhu Qingshan facing the North Pole", and the second couplet is "Jiuhua Xianmusic Plays Nanxun". Wat: Chaohu, the ancient officials held a board for prompting when they went to court, but it was no longer used in the Qing Dynasty. Qingshan: Lu You's "Chaozhongcuo" has "Qingshan dripping green water moving blue". Facing the North Pole: Facing the North Pole; in the Tang Dynasty, Fang Yu said that "the sky is full of stars and goes to the North Pole, and the source is to go to Dongming". Jiuhua: Mount Jiuhua, located in Qingyang County, Anhui Province, is one of the four famous Buddhist mountains. Nan Xun: It is the song "South Wind", which is said to be composed by Yu Shun. Quanlian means that the mountains are like a group of officials holding wats facing north, and the ethereal singing is like the fairy music of "Southern Wind" in Jiuhua Mountain. Qianlong imagined the scene of the king coming to the world and the emperor descending to earth. If you think about it carefully, Jiuhua should not refer to Jiuhua Mountain, and Nanxun should not be played on the famous Buddhist mountain. Jiuhua should refer to the most gorgeous, nine is the largest number, and Hua is gorgeous.
The preface to the poem on the Lanting stele in Qianlong said, "Pass over the cloud tower and go east...", without mentioning Mo Miaoxuan. Some people say that there was no Mo Miao Pavilion in the original Huishan Garden. Standing in Zhanqing Pavilion, you can see the panoramic view of the garden, which is why the couplets here have a broad momentum. In fact, there were only three rooms in Mo Miaoxuan in the past, and they were still open, so they would not completely block Zhan Qingxuan's sight. When Guangxu rebuilt, the three open halls of Momiao Pavilion were changed into five halls of Han Yuan Hall, which blocked the view of Zhan Qingxuan. Therefore, Han Yuan Tang was really a failure.
From Lanting to the east along the curved corridor.
At the end of the walk is a round pavilion, which stands side by side with Zhichun Hall. Six columns of gray tiles, double eaves, round and pointed roof, and the orb ridge brake on the dew plate.
The round pavilion does not have an algae well, but has smallpox, and it is also a group of cranes and flat chess that imply longevity.
Some people call this pavilion "Xiao Youtian", which is actually wrong. There used to be some buildings of Xiao Youtian in the Garden of Harmony, and they are indeed near the current Yuanting Pavilion. Later, when the Garden of Harmonious Interests was rebuilt, Xiao Youtian was not restored, and it no longer exists. The couplets and plaque left by Xiao Youtian were once hung on the east-facing doorpost of the round pavilion, but they were removed later because the name was not worthy of the name.
Behind the curved corridor on the north side of the round pavilion is a rockery. There should be a cave in the rockery. It used to be called "Hanguang Cave", which was a part of Xiaoyoutian. At that time, Lao Gan once wrote a small poem for Han Guangdong: "Slim Immortal Mansion, Hey Lingjiu Peak". Guanghan thousands of relics, green cut ten thousand hibiscus. The Zhizhi path is winding and curved, and the cloud forest is beautiful. I only doubt Danzao's side, and I will envy or meet each other.
Now there is a half cave next to the round pavilion.
On the forehead of the cave entrance, there is the word "Yundou" inscribed by Cixi. Dou is a hole, that is to say, there are clouds coming and going in this hole. This is definitely not the Hanguang Cave. There must be light in the Hanguang Cave, not clouds, just like what Lao Gan said about "a thousand relics of light and Han".
Regarding the location of Hanguang Cave, there are some different opinions. Some people think it is a rockery on the north side of Yuqin Gorge; some people think it is a rockery behind Hanyuan Hall. I think it is more credible to be on the north side of Yuanting. For one thing, the other rockeries are still there, but there is no shadow of the "Hanguang Cave"; only the north side of the Yuanting Pavilion has lost part of the rockery because of the disappearance of Xiao Youtian, so it is possible that the "Hanguang Cave" has also disappeared. Faithful. Xiaoyoutian is the name of Taoism, and Taoism says that there are "ten caves" and "thirty-six small heavens" in the sky. Hanguang hole means that from this hole you can reach Xiaotian.
Go back along the rockery next to the round pavilion, and when you reach the end, you will see a bottle door.
Could it be Xiao Youtian from the past inside this door? In fact, the inside of this door is Ji Qingxuan, which will be discussed later.
The buildings in the Garden of Harmonious Interests are not large in scale, small and exquisite; and they are not very gorgeous. All the roofs are roll roofs, but there are hard hills, hanging hills and resting hills. Only Zhichun Pavilion and Yuan Pavilion have spires. The roof is not glazed tiles, but gray tiles. This is a royal garden building, not a formal palace, so the architectural form is much easier.
The Garden of Harmony is one of the most visited places in the Summer Palace. Different from other places, tourists will stop their steps when they arrive at the Garden of Harmonious Interests, and find a quiet place under the porch.
Or have fun together on the terrace.
Or stand by the water and watch quietly.
The stories of the past are told on the steps.
Most of the previous pictures were taken in the morning, when the sun was just shining, and the buildings were flooded. View the scenery in the drinking green and washing autumn pavilions.
The turbid air is quiet in the Tianshan Mountains, and the morning light shines on the Ziwei.
If you walk into the Harmony Garden when the sun is near dusk, you will feel that the garden is full of splendor.
The water in the pond in the Garden of Harmony is shallow, and the curtain is not too late to see the setting sun. The old wood Cangbo is sunny and the wind is not, and it is time to move to the lake and the mountain when it is about to go.
Approached the pavilion of drinking green and washing autumn.
Walk into the Pavilion of Drinking Green and Washing Autumn. The morning light is easy and the evening is easy, and the setting sun attracts people's sighs.
Zhiyu Bridge is covered with golden light.
Melancholy Zhuyan Gallery, when it is so fragrant, there are few people leaning on the fence.
Zhichun hall is only illuminated at this time.
In the twilight of the sky, it came from far away, until there was nothing to see, but I still didn't want to return.
Han Yuantang faces the setting sun.
round pavilion.
Lanting is also Jin Guangxia quilt.
A bunch of slanting sun, the red shadow on the half floor illuminates the windows. There are countless mountains in the evening, and the flowers are far away and there are many trees. Standing in the air, where is the old man? It's a pity that spring is coming to an end.
The four seasons in the Garden of Harmony are fragrant. In spring, willow branches sprout new shoots.
"The jasper is as tall as a tree, and thousands of green silk ribbons hang down. I don't know who will cut the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors."
Peach blossoms bloom on the whitewashed walls.
The water is soft and the wind is soft, the grass is green and Fangzhou is green, and the green peach trees hide the red building.
Summer lotus blooms.
The shade of the green trees is thick and the summer is long, and the reflection of the buildings and terraces into the pond. The breeze blows the lotus to send fragrance, and the clear dew hangs on the bamboo to make a clear sound.
After the morning rain, the pearls fall into the lotus, and the red carp is fat under the lotus.
The water reflects the blue sky, and the fish fly in the shallow bottom.
The Garden of Harmonious Interests in autumn is Wanmu Shuangtianhong.
The westerly wind fills the capital overnight, and half the forest is green with the passing water. Spring flowers fall, spring light goes, autumn wind rises, autumn leaves turn yellow,
Appreciate autumn with a mirror, if you don't take pictures, you won't take pictures.
Winter snow flies catkins, the lotus pond is covered with snow, and the weeping willows lose their greenness. Autumn has been washed white, and green has been drunk.
The copper dragon is gone, the musk deer is gone, and the cold snow is waiting for the dawn of spring.
The snow is fresh.
"The leaves of the star elm are covered with leaves during the day, and the clouds and powder are densely condensed and cannot fly. Kunyu towers are densely populated with pearls and trees, and whoever comes at night will return to the middle of the moon."
When the Huishan Garden was completed, Emperor Qianlong wrote a poem for the garden: The grass and trees are young, and the lakes and mountains have no vulgar appearance. It is beautiful to read as a picture, and it is wonderful to use poems for it. Thinking of the banks of Kowloon, the spring clouds are thick.
Lao Gan wrote another set of eight poems titled "Eight Views of Huishan Garden". Xinlou), Danbizhai, Shuile Pavilion (now Yinlv Pavilion), Zhiyu Bridge, Xunshi Path (Lanting) and Hanguang Cave. Now because of the loss of the Hanguang Cave, Laogan's Eight Huishan Scenery is missing one scene, and the integrity of the Harmony Garden is slightly lacking. In fact, there are Zhichunting, Yinjingzhai, Xiqiuting, Chengshuangzhai, Zhanqingxuan and Xiaoyoutian not mentioned in Laogan's poems; Yuanting is nameless and ignored.
Although the sparrow in Harmonious Fun Garden is small, it has all five internal organs; although it does not occupy a large area, it is full of buildings, bridges, mountains, rivers, caves and stones, which is really exquisite. It must be a great regret if you don't go to the Garden of Harmony when you visit the Summer Palace. Don’t tell me, regular tour groups lead Chinese and foreign tourists to visit the Summer Palace. They really don’t go to the Garden of Harmony. They usually go to the Hall of Renshou, Yulan Hall, Leshou Hall, Long Corridor, and Paiyun Hall to Shifang, which is Qianshan. the area. Then disband at Shifang for free activities. Those tourists just look around Shifang, at most climb up the back mountain to see the Lama Temple, and then climb over the mountain and return to the east gate from the west side of the Grand Theater. Some tourists will take a dragon boat from Shifang to Longwang Island, look at the Seventeen-Arch Bridge, and then return to the east gate along the East Causeway, Wenchang Pavilion, and Zhichun Pavilion. Taking such a streamlined route is because the tour group leads the tourists to visit the Summer Palace and go to the Old Summer Palace on the same day, or vice versa. Therefore, the time in the Summer Palace is not enough to watch it carefully. In this way, the Garden of Harmony has become a destination for local tourists and individual tourists from other places.
The Garden of Harmonious Interests is my favorite landscape in the Summer Palace, and I never tire of visiting it.
(According to the old post "Appreciate the scenery of the Summer Palace and read articles in the Garden of Harmony")
(to be continued)
