On the side of Wangxi City, there is an ancient abandoned hill, and Jinboquan springs to join the city flow.
Shi Wei's surname was Neng Anhan, and he went to all Liu Du to pay homage to him.
Tuogu was anxious by jackals and tigers several times, and mountains and rivers were shamed by dogs and sheep.
Shi Lang had no long-term worries, so he cut the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun directly.
This poem by Yin Geng, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, makes people feel the helplessness and sorrow of losing the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun. Trembling all day long, like walking on thin ice. Today, the wheel of history has crushed the past, and the flames of Yanyun sixteen prefectures have become a thing of the past!
Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures refers to the sixteen states and counties in northern my country that stretch from Liaodong in the east to the Yellow River in the west, with the mountains in the north as barriers. This line is also the dividing line between animal husbandry civilization and farming civilization in northern my country. Here, there are many high mountains, vertical and horizontal rivers, deep valleys, and dangerous terrain. If you keep it, China will be safe, and if you lose it, the Han family will not be safe. In the long history of China for thousands of years, there are often tens of thousands of horses galloping here, swords and guns meet, corpses are piled up, and mourners are everywhere. For the survival of their respective civilizations, they do not give in to each other and fight to the death.
This line is the battlefield for emperors to fight for hegemony: Jin Chonger, King Zhao Wuling, Qinhuang Yingzheng, Hanwu Liu Che, Ming Zhu Yuanzhang, Yuan Kublai Khan, and Qing Dynasty Kangxi all fought here, and staged stories of success and defeat .
This line is the source of famous generals: Li Mu and Lian Po in the Warring States Period, Bai Qi and Wang Jian in the Qin Dynasty, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing in the Western Han Dynasty, Li Jing and Guo Ziyi in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Pan Mei and Yang Ye in the Northern Song Dynasty, Xu Da and Wang Jian in the Ming Dynasty. Sapphire and others have all made great achievements here.
The sixteen prefectures of Yanyun refer to Youzhou (now Beijing), Jizhou (now Jixian, Tianjin), Yingzhou (now Hejian, Hebei), Mozhou (now Renqiu, Hebei), Zhuozhou (now Zhuozhou, Hebei), Tanzhou ( Today Beijing Miyun), Shunzhou (now Beijing Shunyi), Xinzhou (now Hebei Zhuolu), Guizhou (now submerged by Guanting Reservoir), Ruzhou (now Beijing Yanqing), Wuzhou (now Hebei Xuanhua), Weizhou (now Lingqiu, Shanxi or Yuxian, Hebei), Yunzhou (now Datong, Shanxi), Yingzhou (now Yingxian, Shanxi), Huanzhou (now Mayi, Shuo County, Shanxi) and Shuozhou (now Shuo County, Shanxi) .
Today, the barren mountains and remote villages and towns here can still find the remains of the war at any time. The Great Wall, beacons, Jindu, passes, mountain passes, ancient castles, military villages, post stations, etc. are densely distributed in this northern line of defense, although they have long been lost. The defensive function of the past, but as long as you step into these dangerous fortresses, touch the riddled city gates, weathered and mottled walls, and collapsed stables, you can still feel the smoke and clouds of the war back then. Emotion!
This area has beautiful scenery, beautiful scenery, cultural relics everywhere, and many temples. They are like pearls, distributed in the mountains and mountains of Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shanxi and other places, attracting a large number of tourists to visit and pay their respects!
In this area, iron blood and murderous spirit coexist, history and sadness are intertwined: Shahukou, Yanmenguan, Tumubao, Baideng Mountain, Badaling, Jimingyi, Feihu Valley, Zijingguan, Weizhou Ancient City, Nuanquan Ancient Town, etc., just listen to these Names, thinking about the swords and swords behind them, will make people excited!
The sixteen prefectures of Yanyun in the books are a sad history. With its natural geographical advantages and man-made Great Wall fortifications, it has successfully blocked the impact of nomads and defended the civilization of the Central Plains from infringement. However, due to the surrender of Emperor Shi Jingtang of the Later Tang Dynasty, this area fell into the hands of the enemy, and the door to northern China was wide open, and the later Yuan and Qing dynasties entered the Central Plains. What does Yanyun Sixteen States look like today? What changes have taken place in the former border fortress? On August 1, 2018, the most sweltering day in Zhengzhou, I finally started this long-awaited trip to the north, not only to seek the coolness of the north, but also to explore this magical land!
Taiyuan: Special Snacks Under the Collision of Two Civilizations
For this self-driving trip, the route I chose was Zhengzhou-Jincheng-Taiyuan-Yanmenguan-Wutai Mountain-Xuankong Temple-Datong-Yuxian-Xuanhua-Zhangjiakou-Beijing-Zhengzhou, basically covering most of the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun. But the sky didn’t come true. At the moment I set off, a light rain began to pour over the sultry Zhengzhou. I thought it would be a good trip on such a rainy day, but I didn’t expect it to turn into a downpour once I crossed the Yellow River. The windshield wipers at the highest speed didn’t help. With the weather and the speed limit on the mountain road, the original plan to arrive at the first stop, Taiyuan Jinci at 5 pm, was in vain. When we hurried to Taiyuan, it was already the beginning of the lights!
Taiyuan is a famous historical city with a history of nearly 3,000 years of construction. It was called "Bingzhou" and "Jinyang" in ancient times. It was one of the Kyushu states in ancient China. Li Yuan in the Tang Dynasty made his fortune here and owned the world. Houliang and Northern Han Dynasty also used to be here. Founding the capital, traces of different dynasties can be found vaguely from some streets and lanes and place names that have been preserved for thousands of years in this city. For me, Taiyuan is not unfamiliar, and I have been here many times before, but this time it is a kind of shock to me! The Taiyuan I saw more than ten years ago was very ordinary, with narrow streets and not too clean, far inferior to Zhengzhou, but this time I saw the provincial capital of Shanxi, which was refreshing, with high-end urban construction and unique night scene lighting, especially It is the Fen River that crosses the urban area that is even more beautiful under the decoration of lights! In addition, the variety of nightlife in Taiyuan is beyond my expectation. At 10 o'clock in the evening, when most of the shops on the streets of Zhengzhou are closed, Taiyuan is in full swing. , is still full of voices, shoulder to shoulder. Based on this, I will go shopping tonight, "Don't get drunk and don't go home"!
(The picture of Fenhe River at night comes from the Internet)
Taiyuan under the night light has long lost the ancient flavor of the ancient city of Jinyang. Instead, the bright lights make the city look modern! At this point in time, the core of prosperity is still the legendary Willow Alley that existed in the Tang Dynasty. The so-called Liuxiang is not a narrow alley, but a collective name for a commercial district, a bit like the Erqi commercial district in Zhengzhou. Of course, there are still streets in Liuxiang, but it is so famous that the commercial district in that area is collectively called "Liuxiang", which is surprisingly similar to the Fire Palace in Changsha.
Like other cities, the snack street in Taiyuan is also near the Drum Tower. It starts from Fudong Street in the north and ends at Bell Tower Street in the south, with a total length of 552 meters. It is said that it was the commercial center of Taiyuan in the Song Dynasty. The north entrance of Taiyuan Snack Street is a tall and antique archway-style building. After passing this archway, you will find a street full of various snacks. There are stone roads at the foot, and shops with Ming and Qing architectural styles on both sides. In the center of the street, there are various barbecue stalls. They are lined up and stretch for hundreds of meters. In order to attract diners, the barbecue stall owners arrange various delicacies in a regular manner, which makes people want to stop.
In the center of the street are various barbecue stalls lined up for hundreds of meters
Taiyuan Snack Street is very popular. It is almost 11 o'clock in the evening, and there are still a large number of diners shuttling back and forth. If you don't pay attention, you may bump into them. The level of excitement is no less than that of a rural fair! Listening to the ups and downs of the street vendors, being surrounded by ancient buildings, walking through the dense crowd, coupled with the red lanterns and Chinese knots hanging high in various shops, this makes people enter the time and space tunnel in a trance, is Tang Dynasty? Song? Or the Ming Dynasty? However, as long as you come here, you have to enjoy the laziness and comfort here. As long as you don’t consider the anxiety of work, you will quickly integrate into the leisurely "slow life" here.
Shanxi has always been the fringe of farming civilization and animal husbandry civilization in history. The mountains in the north stretch for nearly a thousand kilometers. The Great Wall prevents the invasion of various ethnic minorities on the Mongolian grasslands. In the powerful dynasty of the Han nationality, here is a strong barrier. No matter how fierce the horseback nation is, they have to retreat when they encounter the tall and strong Great Wall built on the top of the mountain. The nation will take advantage of the vacancy and enter the interior through the mountain pass. Taiyuan was the first big city that these horseback people faced after passing the Great Wall. Once the Great Wall defense line fell, Taiyuan would inevitably become their territory. There are many such examples in history. The Xiongnu, Rouran, Xianbei, Turks, Shatuo, Khitan, Jurchen, etc. have all successfully occupied the city many times. It is for this reason that Taiyuan has a strong frontier style, which is even more prominent when it extends to food culture. Therefore, the delicacies on Taiyuan Food Street show typical representatives of the two civilizations of animal husbandry and farming: pasta and barbecue.
It is often said that Shanxi is the kingdom of pasta, and you can only experience it deeply when you go to the Food Street. The shops on both sides of this street are mostly noodle restaurants except for a few department stores and tobacconists, while the center of the street is lined with barbecues. The collision of two civilizations here is really unique! After all, it has the charm of grassland style. Every barbecue stall here has unique characteristics. Even the beef and mutton skewers that are common in the Central Plains are quite different here. The lamb skewers in Zhengzhou are often meat but not skewers. You Order a few skewers, and the stall owner will grill a few skewers for you, but not here, the stall owner doesn’t care whether you eat it or not, just keep your head down and grill it in its own way. It's no wonder you're a glutton! Of course, due to the large number of tourists, they don't have to worry about selling out at all.
In addition, the types of barbecue are by no means comparable to those in mainland cities. Roast bullfrogs, roast camels, roast pigeons, roast rabbits, roast chickens, roast geese, roast potatoes, roast bananas, etc., can be grilled with meat or vegetarian ingredients you can think of. Make your mouth water! Come on, we dare not eat anything else, but roasted gluten is always okay, right? One mouthful, the mouth is full of fragrance! This is cool!
In the restaurants on both sides of the snack street, there is a sea of noodles. If you walk into any one, no matter what the name on the door is, the contents inside are similar, noodles! noodle! noodle! But Shanxi is the only one that can make noodles to the extreme! Pulled noodles, pulled noodles, biangbiang noodles, 饸饹 noodles, simmered noodles, paste soup noodles, oil splashed noodles, tipped noodles, Yangchun noodles, etc., as long as there are noodles in the north and south of the river, there are all here! However, in Shanxi, the real protagonist is the sliced noodles!
According to legend, knife-sliced noodles originated in Datong. Datong was the northernmost battle front of the Han nationality in ancient China. Since the Western Han Dynasty, the Central Plains Dynasty has often fought wars with the northern grassland nomads. The kitchen knives, bows and arrows and other things containing metal were confiscated from the masses, and the knives were distributed to the common people only before meals, and 5 to 10 families took turns cooking. In order to reduce the embarrassment of queuing up to cook with a knife, a smart person invented this kind of pasta. He made the noodles in advance, and cut the noodles with wood chips before cooking. This is how the knife-cut noodles came from. Over time, it became popular all over the world. a delicacy. In Shanxi, almost every state, county, and every village and town can't do without it. It can be said that "no face is not Shanxi, no face is not cut by a knife"! The variety of sliced noodles is also as great as possible. Soup, fried, fried, fried, salty, sweet, sour, spicy and other forms are available on this street!
Alright, talk without practice is worthless, eat noodles!
Similar to Taiyuan, Shuozhou also has a history of more than 2,000 years of city construction. According to data, before the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), it was inhabited by the Beidi ethnic minority. During the Warring States Period, it was included in the territory of Zhao State. In the 32nd year of Qin Shihuang (215 BC), Meng Tian, a famous general of the Qin Dynasty, built a city here and placed it in Mayi County, which was under the jurisdiction of Yanmen County. Since then, Shuozhou has been under the jurisdiction of the Central Plains Dynasty. Because it is located on the border with the grassland people, until the Qing Dynasty, it has become an important border military town in the past dynasties. It is difficult to tell how many wars have occurred and how many unknown stories behind them.
Shuozhou had a high reputation in ancient times. It occupied three of the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun (Shuozhou, Huanzhou, and Yingzhou). In the late Tang Dynasty, even the famous Datong was once under its jurisdiction, which shows its importance. . But it is different today. If you mention the name of this city alone, most people will be confused, and not many people even know where it is. However, the Wooden Pagoda in Ying County, Shahukou in Youyu County, and Jinshatan, the birthplace of the story of Yang Jiajiang in Renhuai County, are all more famous than Shuozhou. But for me, these are not important, just because of the name of Shuozhou, the place where Li Guang in the Western Han Dynasty and Yang Ye in the Northern Song Dynasty fought for it all their lives and returned to it, and based on the famous ancient battlefield of Killing Tiger Pass, "Walking to the West Pass" "I want to go to Shuozhou to explore its history and vicissitudes.
On the day of August 2nd, when Zhengzhou was locked in the sweltering heat, the northern Shanxi plateau was cool everywhere. According to the plan, go to Jinci Temple in the morning. Jinci Temple is the birthplace of Jinshui, and Shanxi's abbreviation "Jin" comes from this. However, since the Jinci attractions are under major renovation, my few navigations just didn't lead to the road to Jinci. Anyway, keep it in mind for the future!
The next stop in the plan was Yanmen Pass, but on the way to drive there, I had a premonition: On the road from Dai County to Yanmen Pass, there were almost no other vehicles except our car, and the uneasiness and guilt suddenly It came to my mind. Just less than 10 kilometers away from Yanmenguan Scenic Area, densely packed isolation piers ruthlessly blocked in front of me. A young man who guarded the road told me that the road was broken by heavy rain a few days ago. Kilometers are being repaired! He also asked me strangely: "Didn't you do your homework before you came here? Yanmen Pass has been closed for a week!" Yanmen Pass is an important scenic spot of my trip, how many wars have been fought there, and how many famous people have been involved , It is related to how many dynasties have changed. I have always wanted to visit this Xiongguan ancient pass to find the answer. Today, although I am close at hand, I missed it! that's too regretful!
It was almost noon, although we were a bit unwilling and helpless, but we were hungry and had no choice but to give up and go to Dai County to solve our stomach problems first! However, by the way, it is worthwhile to visit the ancient city of Daizhou and see the famous Drum Tower in Daixian County - Bianjing Tower!
Daizhou: A building carries the history of a city
Dai County was also a very famous frontier fortress in ancient times. Its importance stems from the Yanmen Pass 20 kilometers away, which has always been the focus of competition for thousands of years of Chinese history. In the Han Dynasty, Li Guang often "went out of the county and Yanmen" to attack the Xiongnu in the north; during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the end of the Tang Dynasty, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, various ethnic minorities such as Rouran, Xianbei, Turks, Dangxiang, Huihe, Khitan, and Jurchen were here. In the long war stage, they all wanted to eat each other, and took "Yan and Dai" to enter the Central Plains; It not only expresses the tragic history of the same enemy and the enemy fighting together against the Liao Kingdom, but also interprets the love and hatred of the Pan and Yang families that have been passed down for thousands of years! In Dai County, there are too many legends! Too many stories! Why not fascinating?
Dai County is better than I imagined. I thought it was remote, economically backward, with dilapidated houses and narrow streets. But what I saw was a small tourist town with spacious roads, unique street lights, clean and tidy grounds, and red flowers and green grass everywhere. The center of the county seat is a 10-story pavilion-style building, surrounded by a city gate tower that has experienced vicissitudes of life. The ancient city and new look of Dai County really did not disappoint me! Don't think too much, the tall building in the middle is Bian Jing Lou!
Looking at the Bianjing Tower from a distance, you have already been overwhelmed by its momentum. When you walk into it, its ancient vicissitudes, its majesty and its unique historical charm make people have only one feeling: shocking! It is hard to imagine that this building has stood majestically in this place for 600 years!
According to the tour guide, this Bianjing Building was originally built for the famous Northern Song Dynasty general Yang Ye and his subordinate Yang family generals. The huge plaques on it, "Shengwen Sida" and "Weizhen Sanguan" praised Yang Ye. It was later destroyed by fire, and the building was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty. Although the words of tour guides have always been unreliable, but this time I have a little faith! Because there is indeed a group of figure sculptures in the center of the first floor. The one facing the main entrance is Yang Ye, followed by Yang Yanzhao, Yang Wenguang, and two others who cannot be named. This confirms the tour guide’s statement. How many generations of a family will be enshrined in the Drum Tower of the city?
The Bianjing Building is equivalent to a small history museum. Each floor has many display board pictures and cultural relics, which comprehensively introduce the history of Dai County and the famous generals and officials who were stationed here. Naturally, the real history of this building is also vividly revealed! The information on the exhibition board shows that Bianjing Tower is the Drum Tower of Daizhou City in Ming Dynasty, also known as Liang Tower. It was first built in the seventh year of Hongwu (AD 1374), and it was presided over by the generals Tang Shengzong and Lu Zhongheng at that time. At that time, the Ming army had just pacified the Shanxi area, and the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty continued to instigate troubles here. In the third year of Hongwu (1370 A.D.), some old military officials in Daizhou instigated a rebellion, and the Ming Dynasty government sent the two generals Tang and Lu to put down the rebellion. After they quelled the rebellion, they built and strengthened the city, and built towers in the city. Because Dai County was not the state city at that time, the building was named Bianjinglou, which means to guard the north and make it peaceful, and actually it also means to commemorate the success of this counter-insurgency. In the eighth year of Hongwu (AD 1375), Dai County was restored to the state again, and this Bianjing Tower became the Drum Tower of the state city. Of course, it is not easy to keep it intact from the early Ming Dynasty to today! As for whether it was first built in the Northern Song Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, it remains to be verified! However, it is still Yang Ye and his son who are enshrined inside.
Yang Yanzhao
The Bianjing Building is a wooden building, consisting of a base and a building body. According to data, the base alone is 13 meters high, and the height of the building itself is 26 meters. The overall height of the building is 39 meters. It's 10 stories high, no exaggeration! It is said that Bianjing Tower is the largest wooden drum tower in China, 15 meters higher than Shanhaiguan Jingbian Tower and 17 meters higher than Jiayuguan City Tower!
There is a huge plaque hanging on the north and south sides of Bianjing Tower, which is 8 meters long and 3 meters wide. It is inscribed with "Four Great Sounds" and "Three Passes of Weizhen". Experts believe that these two plaques are both the largest in Asia. plaque.
The ticket office and the small door next to it upstairs are all old buildings. After hundreds of years of wind and rain erosion, the exterior paint of these wooden buildings has almost faded to its original color, just like the wrinkles on the face of a centenarian. Outside the small gate is the base of the Bianjing Tower, which is more than ten meters high. To me, this small gate is no less than the gate of a time tunnel. Outside the gate is clearly another world, another dynasty, and another historical scene. ! The 5-meter-wide steps slope down like a waterfall from a height of more than ten meters away. The huge floor tiles have been completely weathered, and each piece is mottled and mottled, as if deliberately polished. The visual impact, the historical The sense of vicissitudes suddenly hits my face! Is this still the 21st century? It was noon at this time, and there were few tourists upstairs. In this situation, I seemed to be in the intermission of an ancient war: Soldiers are having lunch? Or stick to it and wait for help? Those steps just sent off a protruding cavalry? Or wait for a large number of infantry to enter?
With a feeling of respect, I carefully stepped on these dilapidated city bricks upstairs, for fear of disturbing the heroic spirits under the bricks. Maybe, under the bricks, there is the high-spiritedness of Song general Pan Meiyang Ye, and the complacency of Ming generals Li Rusong and Sun Chuanting. There will be Li Zicheng and Gao Zongmin's panic...
Going up the steps is the base of Bianjing Tower. It looks tall and magnificent, with that kind of royal demeanor, that kind of aura of supremacy, as if this building doesn't bother to be with a small town of the level of Dai County! Look, the stone tablet engraved with the emperor's seal stands there, and every floor tile on the ground is engraved with the word "official" to show the status. Bianjinglou is so awesome!
Entering the building, the first impression is that the building is simple and dignified. Although there are no carved beams and pillars, no bright colors, but it is regular and exquisite, and its majestic atmosphere has a natural "no anger and self-prestige"! The first floor of Bianjing Building is eleven or twelve meters high, with a pure wooden structure. The thick pillars, beams, purlins, etc. stand in front of you like wild game horses. Although it has been more than 600 years, it is still hard and strong. There is no iron nail anywhere, but they are connected by brackets and mortise and tenon, and there is still no damage to this day.
Walking up the wooden ladder slowly, all you can see are huge pine wood products, which shows how the government spared no expense to build this building! Climbing the Bianjing Tower and caressing the ancient stairs, we felt both guilty and delighted: it’s too extravagant! This is a 600-year-old cultural relic. We actually stepped on it? That is to say, this remote Dai County, just change the city, this "big baby" don't even think about coming in to see it! During the visit, we acted lightly for fear of damage!
The second floor is a place similar to a museum. The cultural relics found in the local area are displayed. On the wall are pictures of the history and people related to Dai County, as well as the history of Dai County, introductions to famous attractions, and special products. Walking around here, you will definitely have a deep understanding of the local history.
The Ashoka Tower is within easy reach
The third floor is the highest point of the building. Obviously, in ancient times, its function was mainly to look out. Even today, Bianjing Tower is still the highest point in the county. Standing here, you can see mountains stretching to the north, and you can vaguely see Yanmen Pass; looking south, you can see a large river that has almost dried up (by visual inspection, it seems that there is no water) ) across the east and west, this river is the famous Hutuo River; overlooking the county, the city gates and city walls in the distance, the Ashoka Tower, the Confucian Temple, the cultural protection unit of Shanxi Province and other scenic spots can be clearly seen. Marshal Ye Jianying once climbed the tower and wrote a poem: "Wei Town has three passes in Zhuangdaizhou, and the sound is heard all over the Yanmen Tower. If you want to travel thousands of miles, you can climb up and look at it, and Zisai Hutuogu will lie on the cow."
overlooking the clock tower
Daizhou Bianjing Tower was identified as the first building of the Great Wall by Great Wall experts. It has always been as famous as Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, and is known as "Daizhou Drum Tower and Yingzhou Pagoda". Now that there is such a statement, the next stop is "Yingzhou Tower"!
Ying County was called Yingzhou in ancient times, and it was one of the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun. Before the Tang Dynasty, this place was called Jincheng. Because there are two mountains in the north and south: Longshou Mountain and Yanmen Mountain correspond to each other, so it was renamed Yingzhou after the Tang Dynasty. Ying County is more than 100 kilometers away from Dai County. Today, with dense high-speed networks, it can be reached in one hour. Like Dai County, Ying County is rich in mineral resources such as coal, iron, rare earth, gold and silver stored underground, and its urban construction is no worse than that of counties in the Central Plains.
Before entering the county seat, I saw a tall wooden building standing out from the crowd in the center of the county seat from a distance. With my eyes closed, I could guess: Yingxian Wooden Pagoda!
Yingxian Wooden Pagoda is so famous that you can see its "beautiful appearance" in any website search, and you can see its "beautiful shadow" when you browse through an ancient architectural magazine. It is similar to the Eiffel Tower in France and the Eiffel Tower in Italy. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is also known as the "Three Leaning Towers" in the world, and there are many legends about it. It is not an exaggeration to call it the "Tower of God"!
Although the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda has long been imprinted in my mind, it is only written materials, pictures, and video materials. The real wooden pagoda still makes me dizzy! It's not just me, even Liang Sicheng, the most famous architect in China, exclaimed after visiting the Yingxian wooden pagoda, "It's so amazing that I couldn't breathe for a long time."
There is a commercial street to the south of the wooden pagoda in Yingxian County. Almost all the products sold by the merchants are inextricably linked with this building, such as postcards, wooden pagoda models, key chains, puzzles, clothing, various accessories, and even water glasses, As long as you think of tea sets, there are all here. It seems to be the same as other places, but it is really different, because almost all the objects here are printed with the logo of Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. In such an environment, you don’t buy it. One piece seems a little unreasonable, come on, I will also come with a "Ying County Wooden Pagoda Jigsaw Puzzle", go back and see if you can put it together!
Looking closely at the wooden pagoda, it becomes more and more towering, and the various plaques on the pagoda highlight its uniqueness! And the local hawkers talked about these plaques and the story of the wooden pagoda as if they were familiar with each other, as if the wooden pagoda was an object in their home!
Taste the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda carefully, and carefully check the introduction of the attractions, so that you can understand the past and present of this building! It turns out that such a powerful Yingxian wooden pagoda was not built by our Central Plains people, but the crystallization of the wisdom of the Khitan people!
Everyone knows that the pagoda is an appendage of the temple. According to the data, this place was called Fogong Temple in ancient times, and the wooden pagoda was called Shakya Pagoda, commonly known as Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. . Yingxian Wooden Pagoda is the tallest and oldest wooden tower building in China, and it is also the only wooden pavilion-style tower. In 1961, it became the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in the country.
According to legend, Yingzhou is the natal family of Empress Dowager Xiao of the Liao Kingdom. After she ascended to the peak of power, she ordered a monk surnamed Tian to build a Buddhist palace temple and a Sakyamuni pagoda as a home temple to show family prestige. The use of the enemy.
We don't know who Monk Tian is, and we don't know whether the design of this tower is his personal work or the collective wisdom of many skilled craftsmen, but this tower has become a miracle in the history of world architecture because he has been included in the history of China! From the outside, the tower has an octagonal body, five floors, and six eaves, because the bottom floor has double eaves, but from the inside, starting from the second floor, each floor has a flat interlayer, so it is actually nine floors. The height of the tower is 67.31 meters, which is equivalent to about 26 floors. The entire wooden pagoda used almost 10,000 cubic meters of wood, so you can imagine how big it is! What's even more peculiar is that the design of the Sakyamuni Pagoda is entirely based on the inlays of bucket arches, columns and beams, without nails or rivets. The whole tower shares 54 types of bucket arches. It is the building with the most types of bucket arches and the most exquisite design in ancient buildings in my country. , It can be called a bucket arch museum. According to some calculations, the entire pagoda uses 3,000 cubic meters of red pine wood and weighs about 2,600 tons. The overall proportion is appropriate, the building is magnificent, the art is exquisite, and the appearance is stable and solemn. Perhaps none of the Khitan ruler Empress Dowager Xiao and the wooden pagoda builder Tian Monk would have thought that their masterpieces are now out of print and have become the oldest and tallest pure wooden pavilion-style buildings preserved in the world.
After the completion of the Sakyamuni Pagoda, its exquisiteness not only amazed the general public, but also conquered the rulers and celebrities of all dynasties.
In the 21st year of Yongle (1423), Ming Chengzu led an army to Xuanhua, and gave a powerful counterattack to the Tatar and Oala tribes who invaded south. On the way back to Beijing, he stayed in Yingzhou and wrote the four characters "Junji Shengong" with his brush; Ming Wuzong led his troops to assist Yingzhou. The two armies fought in Yingzhou for six days. The little prince was defeated. In order to celebrate the victory of Yingzhou, Ming Wuzong came to Yingzhou again in the second year. "The four-character praise wooden pagoda; there are 54 plaques and couplets of Ming, Qing and the Republic of China in the pagoda, and there are also excellent couplets, such as "Pull up the sky and arch a pillar with clouds and mountains on all sides, ride the wind and walk on the moon, and the fireworks of thousands of families meet the sky" Wait.
It has been nearly a thousand years since the Sakyamuni Pagoda was built. During this period, it has been struck by earthquakes, lightning, gunfire and shelling, but it still stands today. There are indeed many unsolved mysteries in it. In April of the ninth year of Dade Yuan Dynasty, a strong earthquake of magnitude 6.5 occurred in Datong, 80 kilometers away from the wooden pagoda; during the reign of Emperor Yuan Shun, a major earthquake occurred in Yingzhou, and all the houses beside the pagoda collapsed, but the wooden pagoda stood still; 350 years ago in the Ming Dynasty At that time, a strong earthquake of magnitude 9 occurred in Lingqiu, Shanxi, and the houses collapsed, but the wooden pagoda 120 kilometers away was not damaged at all; With a large swing, all the wind chimes rang, but they still stood tall after the strong earthquake.
According to reports, the base of the wooden pagoda is made of stone, and only the underground part reaches 2 meters. The total thickness is more than 6.4 meters, which is equivalent to the height of 3-4 people. The ground part of the base of the tower is divided into upper and lower layers, the upper layer is octagonal, the lower layer is square, and the four sides protrude out from the platform to form a stable large cross structure. Several plinths are reserved on the surface of the tower base for receiving wood. column.
The 32 wooden columns are divided into 3 circles and placed on the column base to form an octagonal column network with a maximum height of 9 meters. The columns are interconnected horizontally through "squares" and "beams". Looking down from the top of the building, they together form a "tube", which greatly improves the stability of the building. In addition, a 2-meter-thick earth wall is built around the column net, and the earth wall tightly wraps the wooden columns to make them stronger.
There are 54 types and 480 dougongs used in Yingxian wooden pagodas, which is the most existing ancient buildings in China. Dougong is made of multiple small wooden blocks, which can connect the upper and lower, connect the columns, beams, and squares of each layer, and can also overhang the eaves. When strong winds and earthquakes come, the dougong is like a spring that can be loosened or tightened, which can absorb kinetic energy and protect the main structure from damage.
In addition, each floor of the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda has a ring-shaped structure made of supporting wood, which is hidden by the eaves and cannot be seen from the outside, forming a dark layer. The 4 dark layers are like 4 golden hoops, which can effectively restrain the tower body and prevent displacement and deformation. Perhaps it is precisely because of this structure that the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda withstood the huge impact of the earthquake.
There are too many legends and secrets in the "out-of-print" Yingxian wooden pagoda in the world. Although it was not built by the Han people, are the Khitan people not the same as the sons and daughters of China? No matter who built it, this thousand-year-old building belongs to all human beings, and belongs to the people of the earth! Let those who like it worship it!
Yingzhou
Yuan Haowen (gold)
The wind and rain in the plains meet the garrison tower, and March in the border town seems to be a poor autumn.
People's earthen houses can only accommodate their knees, and the post roads are full of cars.
Following the custom, he is not willing to taste the horse's fur, but the enemy wants to drive the sheep's fur.
The ten-year prohibition of fireworks has been around, and today Yunshan is Yingzhou.
(to be continued)
