[Preface] In the late autumn of last year, I completed the root-seeking trip in southern Hebei. I went to Wahuang Palace, Xiangtangshan Grottoes, Cishan Cultural Site and Cizhou Kiln Museum. It just happened that CCTV Nine broadcasted the documentary "Zhongshan Kingdom" a while ago, which aroused my strong interest in this country of thousands of vehicles known as the "Eighth Hero of the Warring States Period". The "Zhongshan King's Mausoleum Cultural Relics Exhibition Hall" was added, which further strengthened my desire to understand Yanzhao Zhongshan culture. Use the Spring Festival holiday to fulfill this wish as soon as possible.
After determining this direction, start planning. It is often said that "reading thousands of books is not as good as traveling thousands of miles". Judging from the meaning of this sentence, the purpose of traveling thousands of miles is to increase knowledge. I agree with this point of view very much, so my style has always been based on historical, cultural and cultural landscapes, supplemented by natural scenery and landscapes. Of course, the first is to focus on the "Splendid Rivers and Mountains Annual Pass Attractions", taking into account the most representative cultural and historical sites in the area. Based on this principle, it is determined that the main purpose of this trip is to understand the history and culture of Yanzhao and Zhongshan, and take a self-driving way to focus on visiting museums and major historical and cultural attractions in Dingzhou, Shijiazhuang, and Handan.
After making a plan, check the weather conditions of each scenic spot on the Internet step by step, check the distance between each scenic spot, and combine the opening hours of each scenic spot to reasonably determine the order and itinerary of going to the scenic spots. After that, prepare your luggage, change clothes, shoes and hats, selfie stick, small telescope, strong light flashlight, compass, sunscreen cosmetics, sun hat, sunglasses, hot water bottle, mask, and charge your flashlight; prepare instant noodles for emergencies on the way , snacks, teacups.
Visit relatives and friends on the first day of the new year to pay New Year greetings to the elders, go to bed early at night, and get up early the next morning!
February 6: Light snow, 2/-7 degrees, a bit cold, breeze, Beijing to Dingzhou City, visit Dingzhou attractions, Su Lingshou County
7:45 drive off, the odometer will be cleared. Take the West Fifth Ring Road and the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway, and arrive at the Xushui service area at 9:22. The odometer is 132.3 kilometers away. Go to the toilet and fill up with water. At 10:20, I drove out from the G4 Dingzhou exit. There was sporadic light snow along the way. The Dingzhou exit was closed, and there was a long queue of vehicles waiting to get on the expressway.
(When I arrived at the Xushui service area, snowflakes fell from the sky. Although it was very small, this was the first time I encountered snowflakes this winter)
At 10:34, we arrived at the first scenic spot of our journey - Dingzhou Beizhuangzi Han Tomb Stele Forest, with an odometer of 217.3 kilometers. This attraction is in an alley, and free parking is available on both sides of the alley, which is very convenient.
For many travel friends, they know more about Zhengding County in the south than Dingzhou City. In fact, Dingzhou City has a much greater reputation than Zhengding County in history, and its historical status is also much higher. Dingzhou is an ancient city with a long history, with a history of more than 2,600 years. It was the first capital of the ancient Zhongshan Kingdom during the Warring States Period, and the main birthplace of "Zhongshan Culture", one of the three major historical cultures in North China. Numerous historical and cultural relics. The current Dingzhou City is a central city in the central region of Hebei Province, a city directly under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province, and has social and economic management authority at the provincial municipal level.
Dingzhou Beizhuangzi Han Tomb is the tomb of Liu Yan, King Zhongshan Jian of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was excavated in 1959. There are 174 Han tombs in Dingzhou, and 124 protection areas have been designated. On June 25, 2001, when the State Council announced the list of the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units, it changed the Han tomb group in Dingxian County to Hanzhong Mountain King Tomb. It has become a national key cultural relics protection unit.
(The gate of Dingzhou Han Tomb Stele Forest Stone Carving Museum)
After buying a 5 yuan ticket, enter the scenic spot. The first thing you see is a hut with red walls and gray tiles with a width of three rooms on the front. There are two large and small stone tablets on the left and right in front. The big stone tablet is the one inscribed Weiguo Hangong Temple in the Song Dynasty. This is a monument erected by the people of Dingzhou to commemorate Mr. Han Qi, a famous politician in the Northern Song Dynasty who has been an official in Dingzhou for 30 years.
The big stone tablet on the right hand side is engraved with seven big characters of "Song Su Wenzhong Temple" in regular script. Su Wenzhong is the famous Su Dongpo, and Wen Zhong is his posthumous title. . In the eighth year of Song Yuanyou (1093), Su Shi was neglected on the political stage and suffered the death of his wife. He wrote a letter requesting to study in the "difficult frontier county" and was approved to leave Dingzhou. He took office on January 23 of the same year. , and was demoted to Yingzhou on April 15 of the following year, which is now Yingde, Guangdong. During more than half a year in Dingzhou, Mr. Su punished the first offender who was corrupt and broke the law, rectified military affairs, repaired the barracks, and provided relief to victims of disasters. He did many good deeds praised by the common people. These two nearly thousand-year-old Song Dynasty steles are rare masterpieces.
There is a plaque in the middle of the small room at the back, which reads "Zhongshan Han Tomb". , Funeral customs provided physical information.
(Introduction column in the exhibition hall)
The east and west sides of the room are the entrance and exit of the tomb. From here, you can go down to visit this well-preserved Eastern Han tomb consisting of the front room, east and west ear rooms, middle room and back room.
(at the entrance of the tomb, in the distance is the main tomb)
(left ear chamber)
(right ear chamber)
(middle room)
(In the back room, there is a glass cabinet in the middle, and the imitation silver jade clothes are displayed in the middle)
Behind the small house is a mound of earth, and many ancient building components are piled up around the mound.
(ancient building components next to the mound)
On the southwest side of the sealed mound, there is a single stone tablet standing alone. This is the treasure of the Han Tomb Stele Forest Stone Carving Museum-the "Paintings of Han Wei Gong's Ancestral Hall" monument. Han Qi was a famous politician in the Northern Song Dynasty. He served successively in the three dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong and Shenzong. The stele erected in the courtyard records the deeds of Han Qi as an official in Dingzhou after the famous official Han Qi of the Northern Song Dynasty became an official in Dingzhou for 30 years. The stele was erected in the fifth year of Song Yuanyou, that is, in 1090 A.D., nearly a thousand years ago. The whole stone tablet is made of bluestone, with a round head. The forehead of the tablet is inscribed in seal script with the nine characters "Paintings of the Ancestral Hall of Duke Han Wei of the Song Dynasty", and the positive and negative characters of the tablet are engraved in regular script.
("Song Han Weigong Ancestral Painting Notes" monument)
In addition, there are "Pengcheng Temple Stele" in the Northern Qi Dynasty, Tang Wangwei's "Yin Yang Bamboo Stele", Qing Qianlong Imperial Stele, Stone Bamboo Stele, and Feng Yuxiang's "Wang Hu Wood Stele", all of which are treasures and masterpieces of stone carving art. Both archeology and calligraphy have high historical and artistic value.
(Another treasure of the town hall - the Beiqi Pengcheng Wang Gaowei Stele, the Yin of the stele has re-engraved content from the Yuan Dynasty to the Zhengzheng period, called "Pengcheng Temple Stele". Gao Wei is the half-brother of Gao Yang, the first emperor of the Northern Qi Dynasty. The Northern Qi Dynasty A court in the late Northern and Southern Dynasties, which succeeded the Eastern Wei Dynasty and was destroyed by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was before the Sui Dynasty. This stele has survived for more than 1,400 years and is a masterpiece of the Northern and Southern Dynasties)
(This stele is said to be the "Yin Yang Bamboo Stele" painted by Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei. Su Dongpo once praised Wang Wei's bamboo painting and said: "Looking at this mural today, it is as if his poems are clear... two clusters of bamboo in front of the door, snow festival In the history of art, Wang Wei is famous for "there are paintings and poems in poems", especially his paintings of clumps of bamboo, which are full of vitality. Same, get rid of the stereotypes, a piece of freshness.)
(These pieces are the imperial stele of Qianlong. Emperor Qianlong traveled around and wrote inscriptions everywhere. His calligraphy is a masterpiece among emperors of all dynasties, but there are too many inscriptions, which will inevitably make people tired of aesthetics)
In this tomb, 482 pieces of Han Dynasty Huangchang stone carvings with inscriptions were found. In 1975, with funding from the provincial government, Dingzhou built Huangchang stones into a stone carving corridor. Visitors can learn about the evolution of Han Dynasty characters from seal script to official script. .
(cloister around the perimeter)
(carved stone inlaid in the cloister)
(Huangchang stone carvings on the wall, with ancient inscriptions and modern serial numbers)
After the Han tombs in Dingzhou were cleaned up, the inscriptions collected in other places in Dingzhou were also collected here, named "Dingzhou Stone Carving Museum", also known as "Dingzhou Han Tomb Stele Forest".
Dingzhou Han Tomb Stele Forest is the largest group of stone inscriptions in the north, covering more than 200 stone inscriptions from the Eastern Han Dynasty, and from the Northern Wei, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing to the Republic of China, including inscriptions, epitaphs, and scriptures. , stone statues, etc. Its time span is large, its forms are diverse, and its number is large, which is rare in China.
(There are many steles in the courtyard)
(The stone tablet of the ancient Zhongshan Kingdom erected during the Xianfeng period, this stone tablet from the Qing Dynasty can only be regarded as a junior)
(This is a stele from the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty)
(This is a stele from the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty)
(Stone tablet in the Tianshun period of Emperor Yingzong of Ming Dynasty)
(Stone tablet from the Qing Dynasty)
(In addition to the ancient steles, there are also modern ones. This is the Qingfengdian Battle Monument in the War of Liberation, erected in 1948)
(On the back of the Qingfengdian Battle Monument, the depiction on the head of the monument is very interesting)
(The stele on his body is a broken piece that has gone to nowhere)
(In addition to the stele, there are also some stone Wengzhong standing in front of the cemetery in the museum, including civil servants and generals)
(Is this a "sitting figure"? More like a suit of clothes on a chair)
(There are also some stone scripture buildings from the Yuan Dynasty)
100 meters to the south of the forest of tombstones of the Han Dynasty, there is another small courtyard surrounded by red walls, which is also a national key cultural relics protection unit-Jingzhongyuan Taji Palace, but it is not open to the public. I didn't know about this at first, but after visiting the Dingzhou Museum, I realized that it was discovered in 1969. There are exquisite murals unearthed-the pictures of Emperor Shitian and Brahma worshiping Buddha, and more than a hundred pieces of Dingzhou porcelain, including Known as the Millennium National Treasure, the Ding Kiln White Glazed Dragon Head Lotus Pattern Dajing Vase.
(The Taki Palace of the Net House of Representatives with the gate closed)
(The internal scene captured by stuffing the mobile phone in through the crack of the door)
At 11:09, we left Han Tomb Stele Forest Stone Carving Museum, and arrived at Dingzhou Museum at 11:22, with the odometer counting 219.9 kilometers. Dingzhou Museum is located in the city center, next to Kaiyuansi Street, a bustling antique market. There are free parking spaces on both sides of the street, but it is a holiday, and there are many tourists here, so parking spaces are not easy to find. We arrived just as a car pulled out of the street parking space and we drove right in. All the scenic spots in Dingzhou are within one kilometer nearby, so we don't have to move our car in the afternoon. However, there are also many free parking spaces near Dingzhou Confucian Temple and Gongyuan. Even if tourists drive there, they don’t have to worry about parking.
(Dingzhou Museum is located in the city center, next to Kaiyuan Temple Street, a bustling antique market)
(Opposite the Dingzhou Museum is the Dingzhou Gongyuan, a national key cultural relic protection unit, and the Dingzhou Administration, which is rebuilt from the antique)
Dingzhou Museum is a national key museum and a national first-level risk unit. The Dingzhou Museum was built in November 1959. The original site was in the Confucian Temple. The current new museum is located in the downtown area of Dingzhou. Construction began in 2014, covering a total area of 55 acres, with a total construction area of 25,600 square meters. The total investment 380 million yuan. The museum currently has a collection of more than 50,000 cultural relics, including 3 national treasure-level cultural relics, 965 cultural relics above the third level, and 107 national first-class cultural relics. The museum has a collection of more than 20,000 volumes of ancient books and chronicles, including more than 6,900 volumes of paper books in 968 categories of classics and 4,245 subsets of classics and history. It is the county-level museum with the largest collection of cultural relics in the country.
(The new Dingzhou Museum is very atmospheric)
(The relief wall in the hall of the museum, from which you can find elements such as porcelain, Buddha statues, jade, Huren, etc., which are closely related to the history and culture of Dingzhou)
The cultural relics exhibition hall includes 6 themed exhibition halls, including the Mausoleum of the Han Dynasty, the Buddha of the Northern Dynasties, the Great White World, Thousand Years Beyond the Dust, Ancient Coins, and the Hometown Starry Sky.
The first thing to visit is the theme exhibition hall of "Han Family Palace". This exhibition hall mainly displays the history and culture of Zhongshan Kingdom in the Han Dynasty. A total of 17 Zhongshan kings were canonized and hereditary in the Han Dynasty. Of course, the most famous one is the first generation of Zhongshan kings buried in Han tombs all over the city-Zhongshan King Jing Liu Sheng. His fame is not only because of the familiar golden jade clothes, Changxin palace lanterns, and Boshan furnace, but also because of the four famous novels "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". In this novel, Liu Bei always said the same sentence when he saw people introducing himself Words: I am the great-great-grandson of Emperor Jing of Han, after King Jing of Zhongshan.
(The excavation rate of the tombs of Zhongshan kings in the past dynasties is relatively high. Fortunately, it is mainly archaeological excavations rather than stolen)
(There are more than 100 Han tombs in Dingzhou. This is a picture of the excavation of Han tombs)
(Unearthed cultural relics of the Han Dynasty, through which we can understand the folk customs of the Han Dynasty)
(The bronze tripod and the inscription on the bronze tripod of the Han Dynasty)
(In the Han Dynasty, there was already awareness of environmental protection. At that time, animal oil was mainly used for lighting and lighting, and the oil fume was very large. Using a smoke pipe can reduce the emission of oil fume)
(I didn’t understand what it was at first glance, but I knew it after seeing the next picture)
(The upper and lower rows are the Huangchang stone carvings in the corridor of the Han Tomb Stele Forest Stone Carving Museum)
In addition to the three treasures of the town hall in Dingzhou Museum, many national treasures have also been unearthed in Dingzhou. Anyone who has been to the National Museum and seen the "Ancient China" exhibition knows that there is a golden jade robe of a prince of the Han Dynasty in the National Museum, but do you know where it was unearthed? Yes, it was unearthed from the tomb of Liu Xiu, King Huai of Zhongshan in Dingzhou, and the most famous and the first piece of golden jade garment unearthed by archaeology came from the tomb of Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan, which is full of Han tombs in the city. It is now one of the treasures of the town hall of Hebei Museum one. Coincidentally, this gold-threaded jade garment is now also on display at the National Expo, in the temporary exhibition "Han Shixiongfeng - The 50th Anniversary of the Archaeological Excavation of Han Tombs in Mancheng", a temporary exhibition jointly organized by the National Expo and the Hebei Museum.
(In addition to the golden jade clothes, many precious cultural relics were unearthed from Liu Xiu’s tomb, especially this batch of bamboo slips, which conveyed a lot of real information two thousand years ago to us now)
(The Dingzhou Beizhuangzi Han Tomb we just visited is also restored in the Dingzhou Museum)
(In this exhibition hall, Liu Chang, King Mu of Zhongshan, is specially introduced, because his tomb was not stolen, and a large number of exquisite cultural relics were unearthed during archaeological excavations, many of which are national first-class cultural relics)
(Silver threaded jade clothes unearthed from Liu Chang's tomb)
(A large number of exquisite cultural relics unearthed from Liu Chang's tomb)
(I have seen many bronze mirrors, but iron mirrors are still rare)
Dingzhou Museum has three national treasure-level cultural relics, which are also the treasures of his three town halls. Two of them are from the tomb of Liu Chang. The jade bi is 30.5 centimeters high, 24.4 centimeters in diameter, and 1.1 centimeters thick. The jade is blue and translucent, with a wide circle around the outer edge and regular valley patterns inside. On the top, there is a protruding openwork corresponding to the double dragon's ring. The dragon's body is curly and winding. The facial features and feet are carved with thin lines, decorated with cloud patterns, and dragon-shaped ears of different shapes are carved on both sides.
Another treasure of the town hall is the "Open Carved Jade Seat Screen of Immortal Stories". This cultural relic is 16.9 cm high, 15.6 cm long, and 6.5 cm wide. It is made of four pieces of sapphire. Two pieces of jade are used as brackets on both sides, and the two pieces of jade are placed flat in the middle, one up and one down, and the tenons at both ends are inserted into the holes (mao) of the brackets on both sides. The brackets on both sides are in the shape of connecting walls, 15 cm long and 6.5 cm wide. There is a dragon carved in each of the two connected round walls, which is wrapped in the rectangular hole in the center of the wall. The characters, birds and beasts on the upper and lower layers of the jade screen in the middle are all openworked. In the middle of the upper layer is the image of the Queen Mother of the West in mythology, with women kneeling on the lower part and on both sides, surrounded by phoenixes, birds, ducks, and beasts. In the middle of the lower floor is the East Prince, with a woman kneeling on each side, and turtles, snakes, bears and so on are carved around it. The entire jade seat screen is exquisitely carved, rich in content, vivid in image, and has high artistic value. It is a treasure among cultural relics of the Han Dynasty and has been designated as a national treasure by the National Cultural Relics Appraisal Committee.
(In order to facilitate tourists to understand the complex patterns of Yuzuo Screen in detail, the museum has made detailed illustrations)
(Walking out of the "Hanjialing Que" exhibition hall, there is a display board introducing the history of Dingzhou on the aisle)
The second exhibition hall is "Northern Dynasty Buddha", which mainly displays a large number of Buddha statues found in Dingzhou during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
(This Buddha statue was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. Now the Buddha's head and body are in different places, but both are in Dingzhou. I wonder why they are not integrated together?)
(The Buddha statues and Buddha statue remnants found in Dingzhou in different periods are displayed in chronological order in the exhibition hall)
The third exhibition hall is the "Da Bai" exhibition hall, which mainly introduces the white porcelain in Dingzhou. Many friends know that the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty are "Ru Jun Ge Guan Ding", and Ding Kiln is located in Dingzhou. On display in this exhibition area are the treasures of the three town halls of Dingzhou Museum, which is also the "Ding Kiln White Glazed Dragon Head Lotus Pattern Large Clean Bottle" unearthed in 1969 in the city's Jingzhongyuan Tower Base Palace as we mentioned earlier. .
(The style of the early Ding porcelain has not been determined, there are blue glaze and yellow glaze)
(In the Northern Song Dynasty, the development of Ding porcelain ushered in a peak, and the style was gradually fixed on white glaze)
(Exquisite Ding porcelain cultural relics are dazzling in the exhibition hall)
Of course, the most eye-catching thing in this exhibition hall is this national treasure of the town hall. This clean bottle is 60.5 cm high, 2 cm in diameter, 19.1 cm in maximum abdomen diameter, and 10.1 cm in foot diameter. The tire is flat, thin and delicate, and the glaze color is white and soft. It adopts techniques such as stacking, engraving, and scratching, and is matched with a beautiful shape, giving people a sense of tranquility and solemnity. Jingping has a small mouth and long neck, with a light disk attached to the middle of the neck, shoulders and abdomen, slender lower abdomen, and lying feet. A dragon is carved on one side of the shoulder, with a short and thick neck, a protruding forehead, two horns merged and then raised, with angry eyes and side ears, and a tongue sticking out, as if swallowing clouds and fog. The net bottle is full of lotus petal patterns, which is dignified and graceful. It is a treasure of Ding kiln products in the early Northern Song Dynasty. At present, the largest piece of Ding porcelain found in my country has been designated as a national treasure by the National Cultural Relics Appraisal Committee.
(The treasure of the town hall - white glaze dragon pattern dragon head big clean bottle)
(There are also two scenes in the exhibition hall in the form of models showing the street buying and selling of porcelain in the Song Dynasty and the scenes of banquets and banquets used by literati)
The theme of the fourth exhibition hall is "Thousands of Years Outside the Dust", and the focus is on the archaeological excavations of the Pagoda Base Palace of Jingzhi Temple and the Pagoda Base Palace of Jingzhongyuan. The small courtyard on the south side of the stone carving museum.
(The two underground palaces are well preserved and have inestimable archaeological value)
(The door-sealing brick of the underground palace of Jingzhi Temple, with text on the brick)
(Introduction to the Tower Base Palace of the Jing House of Representatives)
(In this exhibition hall, the scene of the Tower Base Palace of the Jing House of Representatives is restored)
(The mural on the front wall of the underground palace - the picture of Buddha's Nirvana, also known as Di Shitian)
(The mural on the west wall of the underground palace—the picture of Brahma worshiping Buddha)
(For the convenience of tourists, the museum outlines the murals in black and white drawing)
(Buddha relics were unearthed in the underground palace of Jingzhi Temple)
(Sarcophagus and stone letter excavated from Jingzhi Temple)
(Shengfangshe used the "seven coffins")
(The first sarcophagus and coffin lid)
(the lid of the second sarcophagus)
(The third gilded copper coffin, the fourth silver bowl, the fifth silver pagoda, the sixth blue glass jar, the seventh white glass bottle, and the rice grain-shaped one on the far right is the relic. in a white glass bottle)
(Golden coffins, silver coffins, and sarcophagi unearthed from the underground palace of Jingzhi Temple)
(A lot of pottery and silver pagodas were unearthed from the Jingzhongyuan Pagoda Base Palace)
(Many exquisite Buddha statues were also found in Jingzhi Temple)
(Many exquisite Ding kiln porcelains were also found in these two tower base palaces, including the treasure of the town hall of Dingzhou Museum, and the national treasure exhibited in the exhibition hall of "Tianxia Dabai"-white glazed dragon head and large clean bottle)
(Silk fabrics from the Song Dynasty were also found in the underground palace of Jingzhi Temple. It is not easy to preserve them after a thousand years)
(A lot of glass products were unearthed in the underground palace of Jingzhi Temple. In the Song Dynasty, glass was a rare thing. You can see that the blue glass bottle and glass grapes are definitely rare treasures.)
(Many exquisite cultural relics were also unearthed in the two underground palaces)
In the fifth exhibition hall, coins from the Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties are exhibited.
The theme of the sixth exhibition hall is "Hometown Starry Sky", which mainly introduces famous people in Dingzhou in history, such as Li Kui of Wei State who served in Zhongshan in the Spring and Autumn Period, Liu Yuxi in Tang Dynasty, Han Qi in Song Dynasty, etc.
(This is Zhang Hanhui, a modern celebrity in Dingzhou, who composed the well-known Anti-Japanese War song "On the Songhua River")
At about 13:45, the visit to the Dingzhou Museum ended, and I felt very rewarding and enjoyable. 【to be continued】
