Mongolian Medicine
Traditional Mongolian medicine is the traditional Mongolian medicine gradually formed and developed in the long-term medical practice, referred to as Mongolian medicine or Mongolian medicine. It is one of the important components of traditional Chinese medicine. It has a long history and rich content. It is a summary of the experience and wisdom of the Mongolian people in fighting diseases, and it is also a medical science with distinct national and regional characteristics. It not only has rich medical practice, but also has a unique theoretical system. In the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, the amount of medicine is small,
The curative effect is good, the economy is simple, adapt to the life and labor characteristics of the majority of herdsmen, and contribute to the reproduction and prosperity of the people of all nationalities in the north. In the process of formation and development, it has been influenced by Indian, Tibetan and Han traditional medicine.
formation and development
The working people of the ancient Mongolian nationality mainly lived a nomadic life, supplemented by hunting, and had some corresponding household handicrafts. They work and live in the vast Mongolian grasslands and dense forests in the north. Believe in shamanism. In the practice of fighting against nature and diseases, they gradually accumulated primitive medical knowledge and invented the earliest medical care methods. It is a pity that there are very few historical materials handed down. According to the records of relevant works, Mongolian medical knowledge adapted to the social living conditions at that time had already appeared at that time. Such as moxibustion, trauma treatment and bone setting, diet therapy, folk medicine, etc.
During the period of Genghis Khan, the Mongolian army marched westward on a large scale and established four Mongolian Khanates across Asia and Europe. In 1271, Kublai Khan, a descendant of Genghis Khan, entered the Central Plains, established the Yuan Dynasty, and unified China in 1279. The Yuan Dynasty established by Kublai Khan communicated the economic and cultural exchanges between various nationalities in the country and between the East and the West, and also brought more connections and exchanges between Chinese and foreign medical sciences.
In the medical system of the Yuan Dynasty, in addition to the imperial hospital and imperial medicine hospital, Dadu (Beijing) and Shangdu (Kaiping) each set up Huihui medicine hospital. The Imperial Physician Hu Sihui wrote three volumes of "Yin Shan Zheng Yao", which is the earliest monograph on nutrition in China. "Huihui Medicine Prescription" (36 volumes) written by Huihui Medicine Institute is a work mainly reflecting the western minorities and Arab medicine, and there are only four remaining volumes.
In the process of historical development, Mongolian medicine has absorbed Tibetan medicine and some traditional Chinese medicine theories, and gradually formed a modern academic system of Mongolian medicine with both unique theories and rich medical experience. For example, Shatumusu, a Mongolian medical scientist in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote 15 volumes of "Ruizhutang Experience Prescriptions" in Chinese. Among them, there are many prescriptions for treating wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, containing hundreds of prescriptions, some of which are practical and effective, and are still used today. Adopted. In the 14th century, the Mongolian translator Sarabu Sengge translated the ancient Indian Buddhist masterpiece "Golden Light and the Most Victorious King Sutra" from Uyghur and Tibetan into Mongolian, including the ancient Indian medicine - Vedic medicine. As a result, traditional Indian medical books were first introduced into Mongolia. Especially in the 16th century, with the introduction of Tibetan Lamaism, Tibetan and Indian medical theories, such as the Tibetan "Four Medical Codes" and the Indian medical "Life Veda-Eight Branches of Heart", began to spread in Mongolia. Therefore, on the basis of traditional medical experience, Mongolian medical scientists learned and mastered the core astrological five-element theory and the three roots (Heyi, Xila, Badakan) theory of Indian and Tibetan medicine, and combined it with the yin-yang and five-element theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Theories interpenetrate and absorb each other. At that time, many Mongolian medical scientists flexibly and creatively combined the theories of Han, Tibetan and Indian medicine with the life, production, disease conditions and regional characteristics of their own people, and wrote a large number of medical works, which contributed to Mongolian medicine. The foundations are laid for the development of fundamental theories. Among them is representative: Zhanbula, a famous Mongolian medicine scientist in the 17th century, wrote the book "Medical Law Haijian", which describes the prescriptions and medicines of Mongolian medicine for treating various diseases. It is a relatively complete collection of Mongolian medicine prescriptions. In the 18th century, the Mongolian medical scientist Sumba Khenpo-Isabaragier wrote "Manna Drops", "Manna Medical Theory", "Manna Diagnosis and Treatment", "Manna Clinical Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Collection", "Knowledge of Medicine Crystal" and other books. A complete set of Mongolian medical works. There are also works such as "Summary of Pulse Jue", "Basamu Pharmaceutical Method", and "Drug Identification" written by Mongolian medical scientist Lobusang Sole Rihamu. In the 19th century, Mongolian medical scientist Zhanbuladorji wrote the book "Mongolian Medicine Canon", which collected 879 kinds of medicines and attached 576 illustrations. There is also Robsang Quanpule, a famous Mongolian medicine scientist, who has comprehensively summed up the experience of predecessors through a lifetime of clinical practice, and wrote the book "Practical Mongolian Medicine".
From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Mongolian medicine developed to a new stage, and many medical scientists and monographs on Mongolian medicine emerged successively: for example, the famous Mongolian medicine scientist Lenrig Dandar wrote "Khalil Jingzhu Medicine Xuejian", "Supplementary Medical Explanation" and so on. Kusika edited "Mongolian Medical Prescription Collection", and attached a list of Mongolian medicines combining Mongolian, Tibetan, Chinese and Manchurian medicines;
Xi Dansenwangjile edited "Red Coral Prescription"; Jigmud Dansenzamusa edited "Pulefang"; Aosier edited "Prescriptions and Techniques"; Ge Tubudanima edited "Coral Pearl Recipe" and so on. The publication of these works made Mongolian medicine more and more perfect, and gradually formed modern Mongolian medicine with distinct characteristics of northern ethnic medicine and regional characteristics. It has made contributions to the protection of the health of the people of all ethnic groups in northern Xinjiang and the reproduction of the Mongolian people.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party's ethnic policy and traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) policy promoted the rapid development of Mongolian medicine. Mongolian medicine hospitals have been established in the vast pastoral areas and some agricultural areas of Inner Mongolia, making Mongolian medicine play an important role in medical care. The vast number of Mongolian medicine workers have made great achievements in the prevention and treatment of common diseases, frequently-occurring diseases, endemic diseases and difficult diseases. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and some league cities have successively established a number of Mongolian medicine scientific research institutions, and have made remarkable achievements in system theory, medicine, clinical research and other aspects. The autonomous region has also established colleges and universities of Mongolian medicine, which has trained a large number of new Mongolian medicine talents, so that the development of Mongolian medicine will be followed by successors. In recent years, the majority of Mongolian medicine workers have extensively collected Mongolian medicine prescriptions from various places, conducted a general survey of Mongolian medicine resources in all parts of the region, carried out collection, planting, production and use activities, and strengthened scientific research work. At the same time, a large-scale modern Mongolian medicine pharmaceutical factory has been established to meet the needs of the region and beyond.