Mongolian medicine divides diseases into two types: negative diseases and positive diseases. It is further divided into three types of pathology: "Heyi", "Xila" and "Badakan". These three diseases can be divided into 4 categories, 404 diseases and 1116 syndromes. After long-term clinical practice, these diseases and syndromes are summarized into 20 basic properties. The nature of "Heyi" (various winds) is rough, light, cold, thin, strong, and moving; There are 7 types of diseases such as "badakan" (phlegm, cold, and dampness) and the nature of the disease is fat, cold, heavy, blunt, soft, solid, and sticky. Aiming at these pathologies, Mongolian medicine adopts a variety of treatment methods and means.
medical treatement
In clinical practice, the 17 functions of medicines (soft, heavy, warm, fat, solid, cold, blunt, cool, warm, thin, dry, light, hot, light, sharp, astringent, and moving) are mainly used to restrain 20 basic properties of disease syndrome, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment. The general situation is: to restrain the "Heyi" pathology, soft→rough, heavy→light, hot→cold, fat→fine, soft→strong, firm→moving; Sharp, cold and cool→warm and hot, and→light and thin→stinky dryness, dryness and astringency→dampness; to restrain the "Badagan" pathology, light→fatty, hot→cold, light→heavy, sharp→dull, astringent→ Soft, dry → sticky, moving → solid. The symbol "→" means restraint, the former is the function of the drug, and the latter is the nature of the disease.
diet therapy
There is a proverb circulating among the Mongolian people: "The beginning of illness begins with inability to eat; the source of medicine comes from Baijianshui". Foods such as milk, meat, bone broth, etc., as long as they are eaten properly, can nourish and strengthen the body, prevent and cure diseases. This is the predecessor of dietary therapy summed up by the ancients from long-term life practice. In the "Secret History of Mongolia", there is a record of using kumiss to treat injured patients who were bleeding and fainting. "Drinking Zhengyao" compiled in Chinese by Hu Sihui, an imperial physician of the Yuan Dynasty, recorded various foods, relevant proven prescriptions, a large number of Mongolian dietary therapies, and nutritious and healthy diets. The third volume contains 7 categories of rice, cereals, animal products, poultry products, fish products, fruits, dishes, and ingredients, and contains 203 commonly used foods. It organizes, summarizes, and clarifies these common foods that are easy to get. The nature, taste, toxicity and non-toxicity and efficacy of each food are described, which has considerable practical value, and 170 illustrations are attached. The book also introduces special topics such as "health-preserving taboos", "pregnancy taboos", "nursing mothers' taboos", "drinking taboos", "four seasons" and "five flavors". In addition, issues such as "medication taboos", "food benefits", "food opposites", and "food poisoning" are also expounded. This book has been used in Mongolian medical diet therapy.
Trauma and Osteopathic Therapy
According to historical records, the Traumatology Department of Mongolian Medicine was formed earlier. Because the Mongolian people are engaged in animal husbandry, hunting, horseback riding and archery, trauma such as falls, fractures, dislocations, and concussions often occur.
Therefore, experience in bone setting and wound healing has been accumulated since ancient times. There are also many medical methods for various weapon wounds. For example, in the "Secret History of Mongolia" and other historical documents, cauterization is used to treat bleeding wounds; steam hobs are used to activate blood circulation to treat internal injuries; cattle and sheep grass knots are used to reduce fever and hot hob therapy; camel blood is used to treat arrow wounds wait. Chuerji Mergen, a famous surgeon and bone setter during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, was good at surgical operations and external treatments such as bone setting, massage, steam therapy, medicated bath, and smearing. He used freezing anesthesia for bone setting surgery. A doctor named Ethan A is famous for his bone setting skills. The medical skills of these doctors have been passed down from generation to generation, contributing to the inheritance and development of Mongolian osteopathy.
Brain Correction
There are detailed descriptions in the Mongolian medical classics "Nanlu Sibu". According to records, there are four treatment methods, and no matter which method is used, the principle of "treating earthquakes with earthquakes" is applied. It is suitable for concussions caused by herdsmen's fall, fall and other trauma. Treatment tools include cloth belts, bowls, chopsticks, hammers, sand or rice. The method is to wrap the patient's head tightly with a cloth band first, then cover the bowl filled with sand or rice with the cloth, turn it upside down on the patient's head, and ask the patient to bite a chopstick in his mouth horizontally. Hit the exposed ends of the bitten chopstick with the other chopstick as a preparatory (or diagnostic) treatment, and then use a small hammer to vibrate the occipital part of the back of the patient's head 3 to 9 times through a cloth belt.
Moxibustion
Mongolian moxibustion was developed on the basis of hot compress therapy. As early as 1,000 years ago, there was a record of "Mongolian moxibustion" in the "Sibu Medical Canon" of Tibetan medicine. Mongolian moxibustion is a method of wrapping fried yellow fennel in white wool felt, burning and warm ironing; or soaking a small piece of white wool felt in butter and decocting it, then taking it out and applying it to the moxibustion area. The moxibustion herb uses Baishan thistle, which grows widely in various parts of Mongolia. Moxibustion can also be carried out by methods such as Xiheliu moxibustion, torch moxibustion, and warm needling moxibustion.
Bloodletting
Incision or puncture of a certain part of the superficial vein for surgical bloodletting to treat and prevent diseases. It is mostly used for febrile diseases caused by blood and sylvia, such as the spread of wound fever, smoldering fever, epidemic fever, furunculosis, sores, gout, Soria (including tuberculosis), erysipelas, yellow water disease, etc. If the cold syndrome caused by Badakan and Heyi is combined with blood and Xila, bloodletting can also be used for treatment. The choice and grasp of the timing of bloodletting therapy vary from disease to disease. Such as body cavity bleeding invading viscera, diffuse heat, hot fever, food poisoning, etc., bloodletting is easy to treat in the early stage of the disease; if the body is heavy and numb, but without aversion to cold, bloodletting is suitable in the middle stage of the disease; when the disease is caused by blood And Xila heat evil, when the diseased blood spreads in the veins and is easy to transform into other diseases, bloodletting therapy is performed after the remaining heat is induced by other methods. The bloodletting method is divided into two steps: preoperative preparation and formal bloodletting. Preoperative preparation is divided into two types: far travel and near travel. When the febrile disease is immature during long-distance travel, take blood-clearing decoction for three days before bloodletting to promote its maturity and separate the positive blood from the sick blood, and then bloodletting for treatment. Proximity means not taking medicine before bloodletting, but keeping warm by basking in the sun or warming up by a fire to drive away the cold and dispel the cold. Formal bloodletting also includes ligation before bloodletting, site selection, specific operations, observation of blood color, bloodletting volume, and adjuvant therapy. Patients with cold diseases such as weak constitution, pregnant women, and postpartum decline should not use bloodletting therapy. Bloodletting is also prohibited for children and the elderly after treatment with laxatives, emesis, nasal medicines and enemas. In addition to the above-mentioned therapies, there are Alasu therapy, serbosu therapy, enema therapy, scalding sand therapy, oil therapy, and compress therapy.