The main content includes: five elements, six flavors, medicinal power, medicinal properties, and medicinal functions.

Five yuan

Mongolian medicine is based on the ancient simple five elements (earth, water, fire, air, and space). It is believed that plant development and growth are closely related to "five elements". Soil is the foundation of plants, the source of plant nutrition, and the root of life. Water is the solvent for the nutrients needed by plants, and it is also a transport and chemical factor in plants, which can nourish and nourish plants and promote their growth. Fire is energy and power factor in plants; external sunlight and temperature make plants grow and mature. Qi is a biochemical factor in plants, and it has the function of nourishing plants and promoting their growth. Space is the interstitial factor in the plant, which is the factor for the material to form the tube cavity, and the outside world is the space where all objects exist.

six flavors

Medicines have different tastes. These tastes are created by Wuyuan through complex actions during the formation of medicines. In summary, they can be divided into six types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent, and astringent. The sweet taste is mainly based on the soil and water content in the five elements, supplemented by other elements. The sour taste is mainly composed of fire and earth in Wuyuan, supplemented by other elements. The salty taste is mainly composed of water and fire in Wuyuan, supplemented by other elements. Bitter taste is mainly composed of water and gas content in Wuyuan, supplemented by other elements. The pungent taste is mainly composed of fire and gas in Wuyuan, supplemented by other elements. The astringent taste is mainly based on the content of earth and air in Wuyuan, supplemented by other elements. In addition to a single taste, there are also "neutral tastes" produced by the combination of two or more flavors, and complex "complex flavors" such as bitterness in bitterness and sweetness in sweetness due to the transformation and interaction of tastes. Although the changes are complex, they can still be classified into the category of the basic six flavors. Drug potency Although there are many types of drugs, they are both cold and hot, that is, negative and positive. Pyrotic drugs are mostly produced in hot places and sunny places, and when there is sufficient sunlight, positive drugs are full of potency, so they have complete thermal potency, and have the effects of promoting yang, eliminating food, dispelling wind and cold, and eliminating phlegm and dampness. Excessive application can cause dizziness, headache, fever, polydipsia and other symptoms. Medicines of cold nature are mostly born in cold places and shaded places, with sufficient moonlight, and medicines of negative nature have full potency of cold medicines, which have the effects of calming the nerves, nourishing the skin, removing blood stasis, and reducing fire. Excessive application will cause weakness of stomach yang, convulsions and so on. According to the difference in the degree of cold and heat of the medicine, the yin and yang are divided into intermediate type and compound type, etc., and there are further distinctions such as heat in heat, cold in cold, cold, heat, warm, and cool. To treat negative diseases (cold diseases), positive medicines (warm and hot medicines) are used; to treat positive diseases (hot diseases), negative medicines (cold and cool medicines) are used. This is a general guideline.

Medicinal properties

The properties or pharmacological effects of drugs. The basic principle of Mongolian medicine is to use the performance of Mongolian medicine to adjust the prosperity and decline of "Heyi", "Xila" and "Badagan" in the body. If the three are in balance and coordination, you will be healthy and disease-free; if the three are out of balance, various diseases will occur, and even death will result. In clinical medicine, the ancients summarized the properties of drugs into eight types: heavy, fat, cold, blunt, light, astringent, hot, and sharp. Among them, the two natures of heavy and fat restrain the "Heyi" syndrome, the two natures of cold and blunt restrain the "Xila" syndrome, and the four natures of light, astringent, heat, and sharp restrain the "Badagan" (phlegm, cold, damp) disease certificate. Furthermore, the three natures of light, astringent, and cold produce "Heyi" (wind); the three natures of heat, sharpness, and fat produce "Xila" (fire); the four natures of heavy, fat, cold, and blunt produce "Badagan" ( cold).

drug function

There are 17 kinds of soft, heavy, warm, fat, solid, cold, blunt, cool, warm, thin, dry, light, hot, light, sharp, astringent, and dynamic.

Mongolian medicine derived 8 kinds of medicinal properties according to the cold and hot nature of the medicine, and finally developed into 17 kinds of functions of the medicine. In clinical practice, these 17 kinds of drug functions are used to restrain 20 basic properties of diseases.

commonly used drugs

Mongolian medicine has a wide range of medicines, including plants, animals, minerals and chemicals, but most of them are taken from wild plants. According to literature records, there are about 2,230 kinds of Mongolian medicinal materials. According to the survey and research, there are 203 kinds of Mongolian medicinal materials belonging to plant seeds and fruits; 231 kinds of roots and rhizomes; 256 kinds of whole plants; 54 kinds of branches and leaves; 83 kinds of flowers; 35 kinds of skins; ; 14 species of bacteria and algae; 14 species of resins; 28 species of other plants; 30 species of insects; 260 species of animals; 98 species of minerals. There are 1342 kinds in total. The local Mongolian medicinal materials include fragrant green orchid, saxenhu, Artemisia persicae, horned fennel, herding horse bean, unicorn, seabuckthorn, rosette thistle, xanthus, willow, Mongolian radish flower, Bailongchang vegetable, mountain radish Thorny rose, nasturtium, Artemisia fragrans, Plum grass, Anchor, flat bud, Serpentine, ginseng, Mongolian core, edelweiss, Zihuagao, aconitum, Tangsong grass, etc.

According to the survey, there are more than 800 kinds of Mongolian wild medicinal materials available in the whole region. In addition to self-produced and used locally produced medicinal materials, Chinese and Mongolian medicines and Mongolian and Tibetan medicines are also used in large quantities. For example, Cistanche is generally used for nourishing and strengthening, while Mongolian medicine is mostly used to treat stomach problems; Chinese and Mongolian medicine generally uses Aconitum aconitum, while Mongolian medicine uses not only aconitum, but also Aconitum antler (four horizontal lines on the ground, referring to young seedlings or processed grass and buds) , grass black leaves, grass black flowers, etc., and are used for damp-heat diseases, hemiplegia, ENT diseases, etc.; for example, myrobalan is commonly used in Mongolian medicine, but Mongolian medicine is more widely used for various diseases; Guangzao, Chinese medicine uses its The bark treats burns, Mongolian medicine uses its fruit to treat heart disease; nutmeg, Chinese medicine simmers for warming the spleen and stomach, astringent soup, lowering qi, Mongolian medicine uses raw nutmeg to treat heart disease, and uses its aril "Nutmeg" (The name of the medicine is Yuguohua), which can treat wind, qi, and white pulse disease.

The cross-application of Mongolian and Tibetan medicine is more common, such as Sankezhen, Shanchuan Liu, Shanxi pear, Tumuxiang, Xiaoyelian, Holly, Meconopsis trichomes, bicolor gentian, Wunu gentian, white flower gentian, pomegranate, Rhodiola rosea, ciliated mother-in-law, Liwu, saxifraga saxifrage, curly chicory moss, wave-lens melon seeds, snow lotus, ship helmet aconitum, pterygium, delphinium sacrum, etc.

prescription

Mongolian medicine prescriptions are generally composed of two or several herbs. Mongolian medicine often uses proprietary medicines, and rarely prescribes them. The fundamental principle of Mongolian medicine clinical treatment is also syndrome differentiation and treatment. The formula is divided into two categories: odor and performance. Drugs are divided into main, auxiliary, adjuvant and envoy. There are more than 400 kinds of general patent medicines. There are more than 1,500 known Mongolian traditional formulas, unilateral formulas, and proven formulas, most of which are compound preparations.

There are 10 kinds of Mongolian medicine formulations. That is, decoction (boiled), powder, pill, ointment, wine, oil, ash, mixing agent, herbal medicine and gold-stone mixture.

Decoction (boiled) Grind into coarse powder according to a certain prescription, and set aside. Take it by decocting soup to remove dregs and extracting juice, or infuse in boiling water. Decoction is absorbed quickly because of its rapid absorption, so some acute diseases and early stages of disease are often treated with decoction. Such as "Chagan Decoction" (15 grams of Tumuxiang, 12 grams of Sophora flavescens, 9 grams of dried pearls, and 6 grams of Shannai. Each serving is 3 to 5 grams), which has good effects in treating colds, headaches, and early febrile diseases.

Powder is to prepare the medicine according to the prescription, grind it into fine powder, mix it evenly, add one-half of white sugar for cold and cold medicine, add one-third of brown sugar for damp-heat medicine, and set aside. Take with plain water or transfer. There are two kinds of powders for internal use and external use. It also has the advantages of being convenient to take, carry, easy to make, save medicinal materials, and not easy to deteriorate. Wider application, but slower absorption than decoction.

Pills: Prepare the medicine according to the prescription, crush it into fine powder, mix it evenly, and make pills with excipients such as honey, water, batter, and medicinal juice. Generally, it is soybean or mung bean-sized granules, which are ground into fine powder with cinnabar or silver vermilion for external use, hung on clothes, dried and stored for later use. It is generally used for chronic and debilitating diseases, and some people who are not suitable for taking harsh drugs. In addition, there are two kinds of elixirs for internal use and external use. Most of them are refined from metal compounds, and are generally used for chronic diseases and diseases.

Ointment There are two types of ointment for internal use and ointment for external use. Oral ointments are divided into extracts, extracts (dry extracts and thick extracts) and decoctions (ointment). External ointments are divided into hard plasters and ointments. Such as: seabuckthorn ointment, xanthophyllum ointment, camel wormwood ointment, vesicle ointment, mountain phellodendron ointment, comfrey ointment, etc.

Liquor agent Use wine as a solvent to leach the active ingredients in medicinal materials, and the obtained clear water leachate can be used internally and externally. This agent is mostly used for adjuvant treatment of physical weakness, rheumatism pain, bruises, sprains and chronic diseases. Such as water chestnut wine, seabuckthorn wine, cistanche wine and so on.

The oil agent first selects the medicinal materials, processes them, prepares them according to the prescription, soaks them, concentrates them to a certain extent, adds fresh milk in proportion to dissolve them, and adds a certain amount of butter, honey, sucrose, white sugar, etc. Moisture, when it shows oily luster, red and black transparent or yellow and black transparent, it becomes an oil agent, which is sealed in porcelain and stored for later use. It is generally used for edema, arthralgia from dampness, kidney deficiency, etc. of the elderly, women, and physically weak.

Ash Agent Mongolian medicine believes that the best treatment for chronic cold disease is to use ash agent. Divided into acute, medium and slow three formulations, choose to use according to the condition.

Stirring agent is formulated according to the prescription, ground into fine powder, mixed evenly, gradually adding appropriate amount of refined honey, butter, brown sugar, rock sugar, etc., and repeatedly stirred to make it, sealed in porcelain and stored for later use. This agent is divided into two types: damp heat and cold. It is generally used for chronic and debilitating diseases, such as women, ENT diseases, and geriatric diseases, and it is convenient to take.

Herbal Medicinal Herbal Medicinal Herbal Medicinal Herbs are wild herbs collected by Mongolian doctors according to local conditions, and single or several herbal medicines are decocted and taken. Or put the harvested medicinal herbs in a clean, cool and ventilated place to dry in the shade, make coarse powder, and decoct them for patients to take. This primitive dosage form is called herbal medicine. It is generally used for the treatment of damp-heat diseases and exogenous diseases.

Gold stone agent Gold stone agent is also called treasure agent. It uses precious medicines, such as gold, silver, pearls, agate, jade, red coral, turquoise, etc., as well as metal mineral medicines, such as red copper, white tin, iron, cold water stone, moonstone, gold essence, silver essence , Mercury, Sulfur, Yellow Dan etc. are the main medicines, and they are properly prepared with animal and herbal medicines to make compound preparations for later use. This agent is characterized by strong toxicity, small medicinal dosage, long-lasting drug effect and slow absorption. This agent is generally not easy to use, and it is considered to treat intractable diseases and sores, carbuncles, etc. after taking general drugs for many times. When the symptoms are eliminated, stop the drug immediately and do not take more.