Pit No. 3 of Terracotta Warriors and Horses

introduce

Following the No. 1 and No. 2 Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, on May 11, 1976, another burial pit was discovered 25 meters north of the west end of No. 1 Pit. According to the sequence of discovery, it was numbered No. 3 Pit. Pit No. 3 of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang is located on the north side of the west end of Pit No. 1. It is opposite to Pit No. 2 from east to west. It is 25 meters away from No. 1 Pit in the south and 120 meters away from No. 2 Pit in the east. The area is about 520 square meters. It consists of a wing room and a chariot room. There is a four-horse chariot and four terracotta warriors in the chariot room. A total of 68 terracotta warriors and horses can be unearthed from Pit No. 3. Judging from the internal layout of Pit No. 3, it should be the headquarters of Pit No. 1 and No. 2. Pit No. 3 is one of the three pits that has not been burned by fire, so when it was unearthed, there are many painted paintings on the pottery figurines, and the colors are relatively bright. In the wars before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the commanding generals often had to take the lead and charge forward, so they often had to be in front of the soldiers. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with the increase in the scale of wars and changes in combat methods, the position of commanders began to shift to the central army. The War of the Qin Dynasty separated the headquarters from the Central Army, which was a great progress in the development of military tactics. The headquarters was independent to study and formulate rigorous combat plans, and more importantly, the personal safety of the commanding generals was further guaranteed. This is an important sign of the mature development of ancient military tactics. No. 3 Qinkeng is the image material of the earliest military command in the world's archaeological history. The architectural structure, arrangement of pottery figurines, weapons and equipment, and unearthed cultural relics all have certain characteristics. It provides precious materials for studying the shape and structure of the ancient command headquarters, divination and battle ceremonies, the system of commanding generals, and the clothing and equipment of relying on uniforms.