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Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia, also known as Washington or D.C. or locally simply as the District, is the capital city and federal district of the United States. It is located on the east bank of the Potomac River, which forms its southwestern and southern border with the U.S. state of Virginia, and it shares a land border with the U.S. state of Maryland on its other sides. The city was named for George Washington, a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, and the federal district is named after Columbia, the female personification of the nation. As the seat of the U.S. federal government and several international organizations, the city is an important world political capital. It is one of the most visited cities in the U.S., with over 20 million annual visitors as of 2016.

The U.S. Constitution provides for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of Congress; the district is not a part of any U.S. state (nor is it one itself). The signing of the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of the capital district located along the Potomac River near the country's East Coast. The City of Washington was founded in 1791, and Congress held its first session there in 1800. In 1801, the territory, formerly part of Maryland and Virginia (including the settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria), officially became recognized as the federal district. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia, including the city of Alexandria; in 1871, it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the district. There have been efforts to make the city into a state since the 1880s, a movement that has gained momentum in recent years, and a statehood bill passed the House of Representatives in 2021.

Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, referred to as Ning, is one of China's five autonomous regions, the capital of Yinchuan. It is located in the inland area of northwest China, bounded by latitude 35 °14 & # 39 in north latitude and longitude 104o 17 & # 39 in east longitude, bordering Shaanxi in the east, Inner Mongolia in the west and Inner Mongolia in the north and Gansu in the south. Ningxia Hui Autonomous region has a total area of 66400 square kilometers. The topography of Ningxia is gradually inclined from southwest to northeast, with numerous hills and gullies. The topography is divided into three major plates: the Yellow River diversion irrigation area in the north, the arid zone in the middle and the mountain area in the south. Ningxia is located in the Yellow River system, the terrain is high in the south and low in the north, showing a ladder-like decline, the whole region belongs to temperate continental arid and semi-arid climate. By the end of 2018, Ningxia Hui Autonomous region had jurisdiction over 5 prefecture-level cities, 9 municipal districts,
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