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Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast port, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third largest city overall in the Bay Area and the eighth most populated city in California. With a population of 440,646 in 2020, it serves as the Bay Area's trade center and economic engine: the Port of Oakland is the busiest port in Northern California, and the fifth busiest in the United States of America. An act to incorporate the city was passed on May 4, 1852, and incorporation was later approved on March 25, 1854. Oakland is a charter city.

Oakland's territory covers what was once a mosaic of California coastal terrace prairie, oak woodland, and north coastal scrub. In the late 18th century, it became part of a large rancho grant in the colony of New Spain. Its land served as a resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco. The fertile flatland soils helped it become a prolific agricultural region. In the late 1860s, Oakland was selected as the western terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland, enlarging the population, increasing its housing stock, and improving its infrastructure. It continued to grow in the 20th century with its busy port, shipyards, and a thriving automobile manufacturing industry.

Zhongshan, known as "Xiangshan" in ancient times, is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province, one of the five prefecture-level cities in the country without zones, one of the central cities in the Pearl River Delta, an important node city in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, and one of the regional central cities in Guangdong. It has maintained the fifth economic output of Guangdong Province for many years, and is known as the four tigers of Guangdong together with Shunde, Nanhai and Dongguan. Xiangshan County, formerly known as Xiangshan County, was established in 1152. In 1925, it was renamed Zhongshan County in memory of Sun Yat-sen. It is located at the lower reaches of the West and Beijiang River south-central of the Pearl River Delta, with Panyu District of Guangzhou City and Shunde District of Foshan City to the north, Jiangmen City, Xinhui District and Doumen District of Zhuhai City to the west, Zhuhai City to the southeast and Zhujiang Estuary to the east.
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