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  • Xining

San Francisco (/ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ/; Spanish for "Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California in the United States. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17th most populous in the United States, with 815,201 residents as of 2021. It covers a land area of 46.9 square miles (121 square kilometers), at the end of the San Francisco Peninsula, making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city after New York City, and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county, behind only four of the five New York City boroughs. Among the 91 U.S. cities proper with over 250,000 residents, San Francisco was ranked first by per capita income (at $160,749) and sixth by aggregate income as of 2021. Colloquial nicknames for San Francisco include SF, San Fran, The City, Frisco, and Baghdad by the Bay.

San Francisco and the surrounding San Francisco Bay Area are a global center of economic activity and the arts and sciences, spurred by leading universities, high-tech, healthcare, FIRE, and professional services sectors. As of 2020, the metropolitan area, with 6.7 million residents, ranked 5th by GDP ($874 billion) and 2nd by GDP per capita ($131,082) across the OECD countries, ahead of global cities like Paris, London, and Singapore. San Francisco anchors the 13th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States with 4.6 million residents, and the fourth-largest by aggregate income and economic output, with a GDP of $669 billion in 2021. The wider San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area is the fifth most populous, with 9.5 million residents, and the third-largest by economic output, with a GDP of $1.25 trillion in 2021. In the same year, San Francisco proper had a GDP of $236.4 billion, and a GDP per capita of $289,990. San Francisco was ranked seventh in the world and third in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of March 2022.

Xining, known as Qingtang City, Xiping County and Shanzhou in ancient times, is the capital of Qinghai Province, the political, economic, scientific and educational, cultural, transportation and communication center of Qinghai Province, and an important central city in the northwest region approved by the State Council. By 2019, the city had jurisdiction over five districts and two counties, with a total area of 7660 square kilometers, a built-up area of 129 square kilometers, a resident population of 2.3711 million, an urban population of 1.7098 million, and a urbanization rate of 72.1 percent. Xining is located in the eastern part of Qinghai Province, swimming in the river valley basin in the Huangshui River. It is the eastern gateway of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the necessary place for the ancient "Silk Road" South Road and "Tangbo Ancient Road". It has been the northwest traffic road and military important place since ancient times. Known as the "key to the West Sea" and the throat of the sea, it is one of the high-altitude cities in the world and is also the State Council.
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