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Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia, also known as Washington or D.C. or locally simply as the District, is the capital city and federal district of the United States. It is located on the east bank of the Potomac River, which forms its southwestern and southern border with the U.S. state of Virginia, and it shares a land border with the U.S. state of Maryland on its other sides. The city was named for George Washington, a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, and the federal district is named after Columbia, the female personification of the nation. As the seat of the U.S. federal government and several international organizations, the city is an important world political capital. It is one of the most visited cities in the U.S., with over 20 million annual visitors as of 2016.

The U.S. Constitution provides for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of Congress; the district is not a part of any U.S. state (nor is it one itself). The signing of the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of the capital district located along the Potomac River near the country's East Coast. The City of Washington was founded in 1791, and Congress held its first session there in 1800. In 1801, the territory, formerly part of Maryland and Virginia (including the settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria), officially became recognized as the federal district. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia, including the city of Alexandria; in 1871, it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the district. There have been efforts to make the city into a state since the 1880s, a movement that has gained momentum in recent years, and a statehood bill passed the House of Representatives in 2021.

Gansu, referred to as "Gan" or "long", is the provincial administrative region of the people's Republic of China and the capital of Lanzhou. It is located in northwest China, connecting Shaanxi to the east, Xinjiang to the west, Sichuan and Qinghai to the south, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia to the north, and Mongolia to the northwest. It is between 32 °11 miles north latitude 42 °57 miles north and 92 degrees 13 miles east longitude, covering a total area of 425800 square kilometers. The topography of Gansu is long and narrow, with complex and diverse landforms, including mountains, plateaus, flat rivers, river valleys, deserts and Gobi, surrounded by mountains and mountains, and the terrain inclines from southwest to northeast. Gansu is located in the confluence of the Loess Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Inner Mongolia Plateau. The climate types from south to north include subtropical monsoon climate, temperate monsoon climate, temperate continental arid climate and plateau.
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