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Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia, also known as Washington or D.C. or locally simply as the District, is the capital city and federal district of the United States. It is located on the east bank of the Potomac River, which forms its southwestern and southern border with the U.S. state of Virginia, and it shares a land border with the U.S. state of Maryland on its other sides. The city was named for George Washington, a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, and the federal district is named after Columbia, the female personification of the nation. As the seat of the U.S. federal government and several international organizations, the city is an important world political capital. It is one of the most visited cities in the U.S., with over 20 million annual visitors as of 2016.

The U.S. Constitution provides for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of Congress; the district is not a part of any U.S. state (nor is it one itself). The signing of the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of the capital district located along the Potomac River near the country's East Coast. The City of Washington was founded in 1791, and Congress held its first session there in 1800. In 1801, the territory, formerly part of Maryland and Virginia (including the settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria), officially became recognized as the federal district. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia, including the city of Alexandria; in 1871, it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the district. There have been efforts to make the city into a state since the 1880s, a movement that has gained momentum in recent years, and a statehood bill passed the House of Representatives in 2021.

Qinghai Province, referred to as "Qing", is the provincial administrative region of the people's Republic of China and the capital of Xining. Located in the inland of northwest China, Qinghai is bounded by 31 °36 degrees north latitude, 39 °19 degrees north latitude, 89 °35 degrees east longitude, 103 °04 degrees east longitude, Gansu in the north and east, Xinjiang in the northwest, Tibet in the south and southwest, and Sichuan in the southeast. The overall topography of Qinghai Province is high in the west and low in the east, high in the north and south, low in the middle, high and steep in the west, tilting to the east, showing a ladder-shaped decline, and the eastern region is a transitional zone from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Loess Plateau, with complex topography and diverse landforms. The landforms of Qinghai Province are complex and diverse. More than 4/5 of the areas are plateaus, mountainous in the east and plateaus and basins in the west, with three landforms of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, inland arid basins and the Loess Plateau.
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