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Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia, also known as Washington or D.C. or locally simply as the District, is the capital city and federal district of the United States. It is located on the east bank of the Potomac River, which forms its southwestern and southern border with the U.S. state of Virginia, and it shares a land border with the U.S. state of Maryland on its other sides. The city was named for George Washington, a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, and the federal district is named after Columbia, the female personification of the nation. As the seat of the U.S. federal government and several international organizations, the city is an important world political capital. It is one of the most visited cities in the U.S., with over 20 million annual visitors as of 2016.

The U.S. Constitution provides for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of Congress; the district is not a part of any U.S. state (nor is it one itself). The signing of the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of the capital district located along the Potomac River near the country's East Coast. The City of Washington was founded in 1791, and Congress held its first session there in 1800. In 1801, the territory, formerly part of Maryland and Virginia (including the settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria), officially became recognized as the federal district. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia, including the city of Alexandria; in 1871, it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the district. There have been efforts to make the city into a state since the 1880s, a movement that has gained momentum in recent years, and a statehood bill passed the House of Representatives in 2021.

Xi'an, known as Chang'an and Jiajing in ancient times, is the capital of Shaanxi Province, the vice-provincial city, the core city of Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration, the starting point of the Silk Road, the core area of "Belt and Road Initiative" and an important central city in western China. It is an important national scientific research, education and industrial base. The "historic city of the world" identified by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1981. Located in the middle of Guanzhong Plain, it is bordered by the Weihe River in the north, Qinling Mountains in the south and Chang'an in Bashui. Under its jurisdiction, 11 districts and 2 counties are in charge of Xixian New District, with a total area of 10752 square kilometers, with a resident population of 10.0037 million at the end of 2018 and a urbanization rate of 74.01%. The annual gross domestic product of the region is 834.986 billion yuan. Xi'an is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation. In history, more than ten dynasties have established their capitals here.
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