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Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia, also known as Washington or D.C. or locally simply as the District, is the capital city and federal district of the United States. It is located on the east bank of the Potomac River, which forms its southwestern and southern border with the U.S. state of Virginia, and it shares a land border with the U.S. state of Maryland on its other sides. The city was named for George Washington, a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, and the federal district is named after Columbia, the female personification of the nation. As the seat of the U.S. federal government and several international organizations, the city is an important world political capital. It is one of the most visited cities in the U.S., with over 20 million annual visitors as of 2016.

The U.S. Constitution provides for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of Congress; the district is not a part of any U.S. state (nor is it one itself). The signing of the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of the capital district located along the Potomac River near the country's East Coast. The City of Washington was founded in 1791, and Congress held its first session there in 1800. In 1801, the territory, formerly part of Maryland and Virginia (including the settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria), officially became recognized as the federal district. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia, including the city of Alexandria; in 1871, it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the district. There have been efforts to make the city into a state since the 1880s, a movement that has gained momentum in recent years, and a statehood bill passed the House of Representatives in 2021.

Shangqiu, referred to as "Shang", is a prefecture-level city in Henan Province. Shangqiu lies between 114 °49 & # 39 in east longitude and 116 °39 & # 39 in latitude, and 33 °43 & # 39 in north latitude. It spans 168 kilometers from east to west, 128 kilometers from north to south, east to Huaibei of Anhui and Xuzhou of Jiangsu, west to Kaifeng of Henan, Zhoukou of Henan and Bozhou of Anhui, and Heze and Jining of Shandong to the north. Shangqiu City area accounts for about 6.4% of the total area of Henan Province, with an area of 10704 square kilometers. According to the characteristics of its genesis and morphological types, the geomorphology of Shangqiu City can be divided into three types: the Yellow River alluvial plain, the Huaihe alluvial plain and the denuded residual hills. Shangqiu City has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate. Shangqiu City belongs to the Huaihe River Basin and belongs to flood.
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