• Mesa
  • Anyang

A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.

Anyang, a prefecture-level city in Henan Province, is known in ancient times as Xiang, Yin, Xing, Yancheng, Yindu, Ying County, Xiangzhou, Zhangde, etc., located in north-central China and the northernmost part of Henan Province, at the junction of Henan, Shanxi and Hebei provinces, Puyang to the east, Changzhi to the west, Hebi and Xinxiang to the south, and Handan to the north. As of 2018, Anyang City has a total area of 7413 square kilometers and has jurisdiction over 4 districts, 1 county-level city and 4 counties, with a resident population of 5.176 million. Anyang is one of the eight ancient capitals of China.
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