A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.
Woyang County, which belongs to Bozhou City, Anhui Province, is located in the north of Anhui Province, in the middle of Huaibei Plain, Yongcheng City, Huaibei City, Henan Province to the north, Lixin County to the south, Qiaocheng District, Bozhou City to the west, and Mengcheng County to the east, with a total area of 2107 square kilometers. Woyang County has a superior location and convenient transportation, which is located at the junction of Anhui, Henan and Shandong provinces. Qingfu Railway runs from north to south, north to Longhai Line, east to Beijing-Shanghai Line and Nantong Jingjiu Line. Provincial Highway S307 and S202 meet Woyang County, connecting Xu Expressway in the east, Shangfu Expressway in the west, Ningluo Expressway in Nantong, and Jiqi Expressway across Woyang. The Vortex River runs from east to west and is navigable throughout the four seasons. The maximum navigation capacity of a single ship is up to 800 tons, connecting the Huaihe River into the Yangtze River. There are many cultural landscapes in the territory, including Tianjing Palace, East Taiqing Palace, Fan Li Tomb, Yilu Bridge, Ji Kang Tomb, Chen Kui lying traces, and Hongcheng.