• Mesa
  • Longshan County

A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.

Longshan County, which belongs to Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, is located in the northwest of Hunan, in the hinterland of Wuling Mountains, connecting Jing Chu and Ba Shu, which is called "the Confucius of Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan" in history. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, steep in the east and gentle in the west, with towering mountains and undulating peaks, including Youshui, Lishui and its tributaries. The region belongs to the subtropical continental humid monsoon climate zone with four distinct seasons. In 2013, Longshan County has a total area of 3131 square kilometers and has jurisdiction over 34 townships (streets) and 462 villages (communities), with a total population of 590000. 16 ethnic minorities, such as Tujia and Miao, account for 71% of the total population. In 2015, Longshan County has jurisdiction over 5 townships, 12 towns and 4 streets. Longshan has Oolong Mountain Grand Canyon, Lotta Stone Forest, Taiping Mountain Forest Park and other natural scenery. Coal, quartz sand, purple sand pottery,
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