A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.
Panjin City is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province, located in the central and southern part of Liaoning Province, located in the center of the Liaohe Delta, is a city at the mouth of the Liaohe River; its geomorphology is high in the north and low in the south, gradually tilting from north to south; it is located in the north temperate zone and belongs to the warm temperate continental semi-humid monsoon climate; it has jurisdiction over one county and three districts; the city has a resident population of 1.439 million at the end of 2018, with a total area of 4102.9 square kilometers. Panjin is an important oil and petrochemical industry base in China and one of the important central cities in Liaoning coastal economic belt. Panjin is a "petrochemical new city", built on the edge of oil and flourished because of oil; the red beach scenic spot dominated by the Red Beach National Scenic Corridor is a national 4A-level scenic spot and an excellent tourist scenic spot in Liaoning Province. The ancient town Tianzhuangtai was the battlefield of the last battle of the Sino-Japanese land war between China and Japan, and became the education of patriotism.