A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.
Xincheng County, which belongs to Laibin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, is located in the middle of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, the lower reaches of Hongshui River, between 108 °24 °7km east longitude and 23 °40 °north latitude, covering a total area of 2541 square kilometers. Xincheng County has a subtropical climate with abundant rainfall and mild climate. The central and southern part of the county has long summer, connected autumn and spring, long rainy season, short frost period, sufficient light and strong solar radiation. As of 2017, Xincheng County has jurisdiction over 6 towns and 6 townships, and the county government is stationed in Chengguan Town. Xincheng County is an area inhabited by many ethnic groups. There are 15 ethnic groups, including Zhuang, Han and Yao, among which the Zhuang nationality accounts for 89.98% of the total population. By the end of 2017, the total population of Xincheng County was 430900. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhenguan first bought Xincheng County (Dejin County).