A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.
Jiyuan City, a county-level city directly under the jurisdiction of Henan Province, is stationed on Qinyuan Street. It gets its name from the birthplace of water relief. It is located to the north of the Yellow River, north of Taihang Mountain and Jincheng of Shanxi Province, west of Zhongtiao Mountain and Yuncheng of Shanxi Province, bordering the Yellow River and Luoyang of Henan Province in the south, and Jiaozuo in the east. Jiyuan is the birthplace of the story of Yu Gong moving away from Dashan. In ancient times, Jiyuan was the capital of Xia Shaokang. Jiyuan was famous for its wealth from the warring States period to the Han Dynasty. It was promoted to be directly administered by the province in 1997, under the direct leadership of the Henan provincial government, and was listed as one of the nine central cities of the Central Plains urban agglomeration in Henan Province in 2003. In 2005, it was upgraded to the administrative unit at the county level directly under the provincial jurisdiction of Henan Province. With the rapid development of Jiyuan economy, Jiyuan now has three listed companies, such as Jiyuan Iron and Steel, Yuguang Gold and lead. Jiyuan is rich in mineral resources, which has formed energy,