A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.
Wugong County, which belongs to Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, is located in the hinterland of Guanzhong Plain, bordering Xingping City in the east, Weishui River in the south and Zhouzhi County in Xi'an City in the south, Yangling Agricultural High-tech Industry demonstration Zone in the west, Fufeng County in Baoji City, and Qian County in the north. It is 87 kilometers away from Xi'an and 50 kilometers from Xianyang City, with a county area of 397.8 square kilometers. Wugong County, located in the hinterland of Guanzhong Plain, is the birthplace of Chinese agricultural civilization. Guoyu Jin Yu said: "in the past, Shaodian married in Youyu, gave birth to Huangdi and Yan Emperor." Yan Emperor became with Jiang Shui, and Yellow Emperor with Ji Shui. Success is different from virtue, so the Yellow Emperor is Ji and Yan Di is Jiang. " Jishui is the lacquer water in today's martial arts. Houji established the first state in Chinese history in Zhengjiapo, Wugong town, and became the ancestor of the Zhou nationality. Ji Fa, King of Zhou Wu, destroyed Yin and Shang Dynasty and built the Western Zhou Dynasty.