• Mesa
  • Shangluo City

A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.

Shangluo City, a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi Province, is located in the southeast of Shaanxi Province, at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains, on the border with Hubei and Henan provinces. It borders Lingbao, Lushi, Xixia and Xichuan counties and cities in Henan Province in the east; Yunyang District and Yunxi County in Shiyan City in Hubei Province in the south; Hanbin District, Ningshan and Xunyang in Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, and Chang'an District and Lantian County in Xi'an City in the west and southwest; and Tongguan, Huayin and Huazhou District in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province in the north. It is between longitude 108o 3420 "- 111o 1x 25" east and latitude 33o 230m-34o 24040 "north. It is about 229km from east to west and 138km from north to south, with a total area of 19292 square kilometers, accounting for 9.36 per cent of the total area of Shaanxi Province. Shangluo got its name from Shangshan and Luoshui in the territory, which began in the Han Dynasty and refers to Shangfu.
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