A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.
Jincheng, known as Jianxing, Zezhou and Zezhou in ancient times, is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Shanxi Province. it is located in the southeast of Shanxi Province, where Shanxi and Henan provinces meet each other. Jincheng Basin, with a total area of 9490 square kilometers, has been a battleground since ancient times. known as "Hedong Pinghan, Central Plains throat, Sanjin Portal" reputation. Jincheng is one of the birthplaces of Chinese culture. Twenty thousand years ago, it left human sites such as Gaodu site, Tashui River, Xiachuan and so on. It is the birthplace of myths such as Nu Gong mending the sky, Yugong moving Dashan, Yu chiseling stone gate, Shang Tang preparing rain, etc., eminent monk Huiyuan, famous general Chen tortoise, famous doctor Wang Shuhe, astronomer Liu Xisao, Li Junmin, Hao Jing, Jing Hao, Jia Lu,.