• Mesa
  • Qin'an County

A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.

Qin'an County, which belongs to Tianshui City, Gansu Province, is located in the southeast of Gansu Province, the north of Tianshui City, and the lower reaches of Hulu River, a tributary of Weihe River; the center is located at 34 °51 °N and 105 °40 °E, with a total area of 1601 square kilometers. As of 2015, Qinan County has jurisdiction over 12 towns and 5 townships. The total population is 618000 (2012). In 2015, the GDP of Qin'an County reached 5.26 billion yuan. Qinan County belongs to the temperate semi-humid climate in the south of Longzhong, with an annual average temperature of 10.4 ℃ and a normal annual precipitation of 507.3 mm. Qin'an County is one of the eighteen arid counties in Gansu Province, which belongs to the Liangfeng gully region in the west of Longzhong Loess Plateau with many mountains and few rivers. By 2015, Yangshao, Majiayao, Qijia Culture and other Neolithic cultural sites have been found in Qin'an County.
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