• Mesa
  • Xizang、Tibet

A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.

Tibet is called "Tibet" for short. The Tibet Autonomous region, the capital of Lhasa, is located on the southwest border of the people's Republic of China and is one of China's five ethnic minority autonomous regions. Tibet is located in the southwest of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, between 26 °50'N and 36 °53 °N, 78 °25'E and 99 °06'E, with an average elevation of more than 4000 meters. Tibet is known as the "roof of the world". The land area is 120218947.91 hectares, accounting for about 1% of the country's total area, second only to Xinjiang in all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. At the end of 2018, the resident population was 3.4382 million. Tibet is bordered by Xinjiang in the north, Sichuan in the east, Qinghai in the northeast and Yunnan in the southeast. It is bordered by Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Kashmir and other countries and regions.
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