• Mesa
  • Lighthouse

A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.

Lighthouse is a high tower-shaped building, lighting equipment should be installed in the tower, the location should be prominent, and pay attention to its specific architectural shape, easy for ships to distinguish, and become one of the highest points of the port. As the surface of the earth is curved, the tower must have sufficient height so that the light can be seen by long-distance ships, with a general line-of-sight distance of 15-25 nautical miles, but the light should not be too high so as not to be obscured by high clouds. According to the size and location of the lighthouse, the lighthouse can be guarded or unguarded, and important lighthouses should be guarded. ...
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