• Mesa
  • Yunnan

A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.

Yunnan Province, or Yunnan for short, is one of the 23 provinces in China, located in the southwest and the capital of Kunming. Bounded by 21 °8 degrees north latitude, 29 °15 degrees north latitude, 97 °31 degrees east longitude, 106 °11 degrees east longitude, Guizhou and Guangxi in the east, Sichuan in the north, Tibet in the northwest, Myanmar in the west, Laos and Vietnam in the south, Yunnan Province has a total area of 394100 square kilometers. The topography of Yunnan Province is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, descending step by step from north to south, which belongs to the mountainous plateau topography, and the mountain area accounts for 88.64% of the total area of the province. The topography is bounded by the wide valleys of Yuanjiang Valley and the southern section of Yunling Mountains, and is divided into east and west topographic areas. The eastern part is the plateau of eastern and central Yunnan, which is part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, characterized by gently undulating low mountains and round hills.
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