A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.
Luohe City, a municipality of Henan Province, is located on the southwest edge of the North China Plain. Funiu Mountain in the west and plain in the east is the joint of the second and third steps on the Chinese terrain; it is located on the southern edge of the warm temperate zone and belongs to the warm transitional monsoon climate. In the course of the year, there is an alternation of hot and cold and four distinct seasons. It has jurisdiction over 3 municipal districts and 2 counties with a total population of 2.8413 million in 2018. Luohe has a long history. The seven-tone bone flute, the national treasure unearthed at the Jiahu site, is the earliest musical instrument in the world; the oracle bone inscription symbol found 8000-9,000 years ago is the earliest written prototype in the world so far; the wine-making relics unearthed push the history of human wine-making to more than 9000 years ago; Xu Shen, who compiled the world's earliest dictionary Shuo Wen Jie Zi, also lived in this land. November 2018, enter