• Mesa
  • Tongchuan

A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.

Tongchuan is a municipality under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Province, which is located in the junction zone of central Shaanxi Province, Guanzhong Basin and Northern Shaanxi Plateau, adjacent to Yan'an, Weinan and Xianyang. Tongchuan is a continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons and obvious monthly changes in air temperature. the area is 3882 square kilometers, and the city has jurisdiction over three districts and one county. In 2017, the city's resident population was 833400. Tongchuan has convenient transportation, which is an important part of the Guanzhong economic belt, and it is a necessary place leading to the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor and Yan'an, the holy place of revolution. Tongchuan New area is 68 kilometers away from Xi'an and 72 kilometers away from Xi'an Xianyang International Airport. Xi'an-Huangling Expressway passes through the border, and the two branch railways of Xiantong and Meiqi are connected with the Longhai artery. In 2017, Tongchuan achieved a GDP of 34.859 billion yuan, of which the added value of the primary industry
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