• Mesa
  • Heilongjiang

A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.

Heilongjiang Province, referred to as "black", the provincial capital Harbin, is the northernmost and easternmost provincial administrative region in China, with a total area of 473000 square kilometers. The geomorphological feature of Heilongjiang Province is "five mountains, one water and one grass". The terrain is generally high in the northwest, north and southeast, and low in the northeast and southwest, which is composed of mountains, platforms, plains and water surfaces; the land spans the four major river systems of Heilongjiang, Wusuli River, Songhua River and Suifenhe, belonging to cold temperate and temperate continental monsoon climate. Heilongjiang Province, located in the hinterland of Northeast Asia, is an important passage from Asia and the Pacific to Russia and the European continent, and an important window for China to open along the border. As of August 2019, Heilongjiang Province had jurisdiction over 12 prefecture-level cities and 1 district; there were 54 municipal districts, 21 county-level cities, 45 counties,
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