• Mesa
  • Jiaozuo City

A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.

Jiaozuo City is located in the northwest of Henan Province, the Taihang Mountains to the north, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province to the north, the surging Yellow River to the south, Zhengzhou City and Luoyang City across the river, Xinxiang City to the east and Jiyuan to the west. Jiaozuo, known as Shanyang and Huaizhou in ancient times, is one of the central areas of the early activities of the Chinese nation, with existing ruins of Peiligang culture, Yangshao culture and Longshan culture. It is Sima Yi, Han Yu, Li Shangyin, Zhu Zaiyi, Xu Heng and the seven sages of Bamboo Forest.
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