A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. The caprock can consist of either sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone; dissected lava flows; or a deeply eroded duricrust. Unlike plateau, whose usage does not imply horizontal layers of bedrock, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, the term mesa applies exclusively to the landforms built of flat-lying strata. Instead, flat-topped plateaus are specifically known as tablelands.
Binzhou is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province, which is located in the north of Shandong Province, the Lubei Plain and the hinterland of the Yellow River Delta. located in the Yellow River Delta efficient ecological economic zone, Shandong Peninsula blue economic zone and the Bohai economic circle, Jinan provincial capital city cluster economic circle "two zones two circles" superposition zone, is the north gate of Shandong Province; the terrain is high in the south and low in the north, roughly tilting from southwest to northeast; four counties, two districts and one city under its jurisdiction, with a total area of 9453 square kilometers. The total population in 2018 is 3.9225 million. Binzhou has a long history and culture, and is one of the birthplaces of the Yellow River culture and Qi culture. It is the central area of the old revolutionary area of the Bohai Sea and the resident of the party committee of the Bohai District. Sun Wu, a famous military thinker in ancient times, Dong Yong, a filial son of the Han Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan, a famous statesman in the Song Dynasty, and du Zhitian, an imperial division in the Qing Dynasty, were born or grew up here. Binzhou location traffic advantage