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Baltimore (/ˈbɔːltɪmɔːr/ BAWL-tim-or, locally: /bɔːldəˈmɔːr/ bawl-da-MOR or /ˈbɔːlmər/ BAWL-mər) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore was designated an independent city by the Constitution of Maryland[a] in 1851, and today is the most populous independent city in the United States. As of 2021, the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be 2,838,327, making it the 20th largest metropolitan area in the country. Baltimore is located about 40 miles (64 km) north northeast of Washington, D.C., making it a principal city in the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area (CSA), the third-largest CSA in the nation, with a 2021 estimated population of 9,946,526.

Prior to European colonization, the Baltimore region was used as hunting grounds by the Susquehannock Native Americans, who were primarily settled further northwest than where the city was later built. Colonists from the Province of Maryland established the Port of Baltimore in 1706 to support the tobacco trade with Europe, and established the Town of Baltimore in 1729. The first printing press and newspapers were introduced to Baltimore by Nicholas Hasselbach and William Goddard respectively, in the mid-18th century.

The Battle of Baltimore was a pivotal engagement during the War of 1812, culminating in the failed British bombardment of Fort McHenry, during which Francis Scott Key wrote a poem that would become "The Star-Spangled Banner", which was eventually designated as the American national anthem in 1931. During the Pratt Street Riot of 1861, the city was the site of some of the earliest violence associated with the American Civil War.

Hunan Province, referred to as Hunan, is one of the 23 provinces in China, bounded by 24 °38 degrees north latitude 30 °08 degrees north latitude, 108 °47 degrees east longitude, 114 °15 degrees east longitude, Jiangxi to the east, Chongqing and Guizhou to the west, Guangdong and Guangxi to the south, and Hubei to the north, with a total area of 211800 square kilometers. Hunan is located in the transitional zone from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to Jiangnan hills and Nanling Mountains to Jianghan Plain. Hunan is a horseshoe-shaped landform surrounded by mountains on three sides and opening to the north, which is composed of plains, basins, hills, mountains, rivers and lakes. Hunan is a subtropical monsoon climate across the Yangtze River and Pearl River systems. As of July 2019, Hunan Province has a total area of 211800 square kilometers and has jurisdiction over 13 prefecture-level cities and 1 autonomous prefecture. 36 municipal districts, 18 county-level cities, 61 counties and 7 autonomy
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